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| Life history of P. m. sylvina (A–E) and P. m. schantungensis (F–J) from Taiwan. in Nazari, Yen, Hsu, Shapoval, Shapoval et Todisco, 2024. |
Abstract
For the first time, we obtained for the first time a COI DNA barcode from museum specimens of the Old World swallowtail butterfly endemic to Taiwan, Papilio machaon ssp. sylvina, that has disappeared since the devastating Jiji earthquake in 1999 that shook Central Taiwan. We demonstrate that this population was not only phenotypically distinct, but also had a unique mitochondrial haplotype among all other Holarctic populations of P. machaon. The life history of P. m. sylvina from rearing experiments carried out in the 1990s is illustrated and discussed.
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| Collection specimens of P. m. sylvina and P. m. schantungensis from Taiwan. Upperside, underside: A,B) P.m. sylvina ♂, Taiwan: Nantou Co., Xinyi, Danda Forest Trail, VII. 3. 1992, Coll. W. I. Chou; C,D) P.m. sylvina ♀, “Taiwan”, specimen collected by the late Chin-King Yu, deposited at the Mu Sheng Insect Museum at Puli; E,F) P.m. schantungensis ♂, Fujian: Lianjiang Co., Nangang, Bajiaoting, V.21.2012, coll. J.F. Tsai, reared on Foeniculum vulgare, VI.8.2012, HSU No. 12E23; G,H) P.m. schantungensis ♀, same data as male. Scale bars = 1 cm. Photos by Y.-F. Hsu. |
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| Life history of P. m. sylvina (A–E) and P. m. schantungensis (F–J) from Taiwan. A,F) ova, B,G) second instar larvae, C,H) fourth instar larvae, D,I) pupae, E,J) freshly emerged adults. Photos by J.L. Jean (A,B), S.-H. Yen (C–E), and Y.-F. Hsu (F–J). |
Vazrick Nazari, Shen-Horn Yen, Yu-Feng Hsu, Galina Shapoval, Nazar Shapoval and Valentina Todisco. 2024. Wiped out by an Earthquake? The ‘Extinct’ Taiwanese Swallowtail Butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) was morphologically and genetically distinct. PLoS ONE. 19(11): e0310318. DOI: doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310318
