[Botany • 2026] Curcuma koonmeeana (Zingiberaceae, subgen. Hitcheniopsis) • A New endemic Species from Central Thailand

 Curcuma koonmeeana Saensouk, P.Saensouk & Boonma, 

in S. Saensouk, P. Saensouk, Boonma, Ruannakarn, Junsongduang et Setyawan. 2026.  

กระเจียวม่วงคูณมี  |  DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life16101623

Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma.

Abstract

Continued botanical exploration in previously insufficiently surveyed areas of Saraburi Province, Central Thailand, revealed an undescribed member of Curcuma subgen. Hitcheniopsis. This study aimed to formally describe the taxon, assess its morphological distinctiveness, evaluate its phenetic relationships, and provide a preliminary conservation assessment. Morphological observations were based on living and freshly collected material, herbarium specimens, protologues, and comparative taxonomic sources. Phenetic relationships among 11 taxa were assessed using 34 morphological characters, the Gower coefficient, UPGMA clustering, and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). The new species, Curcuma koonmeeana Saensouk, P.Saensouk & Boonma, is distinguished from morphologically allied taxa by a unique combination of fertile-bract architecture, poorly developed coma bracts, well-exserted flowers, labellum morphology and indumentum, yellow markings, and anther-crest configuration. Phenetic analyses summarized overall morphological relationships among the sampled taxa, with Curcuma charanii Boonma & Saensouk showing the greatest Gower similarity to C. koonmeeana. The species is currently known from two populations along the same limestone mountain range and is provisionally assessed as Vulnerable (VU D1). Its recognition increases the known native diversity of subgen. Hitcheniopsis in Thailand to 31 taxa, comprising 30 species and one natural hybrid. The discovery highlights the continuing value of targeted botanical exploration and the need for habitat and population conservation.

Keywords: Curcuma; Hitcheniopsis; limestone; phenetic analysis; Phra Phutthabat; Saraburi; taxonomy

 Curcuma koonmeeana Saensouk, P.Saensouk & Boonma, sp. nov.:
(a) Habit. (b) Thyrse with flowers. (c) Front view of flower. (d,e) Coma bracts. (f) Lateral view of fertile bract. (g) Fertile bract. (h) Front view of anther. (i) Lateral view of anther. (j) Back view of anther. (k) Dorsal corolla lobe. (l) Lateral corolla lobes. (m) Cincinnus with bracteole and flower. (n) Lateral staminodes. (o) Labellum. (p) Flower with calyx and ovary.

Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma.

Curcuma koonmeeana Saensouk, P.Saensouk & Boonma, sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Curcuma koonmeeana is morphologically most similar to C. charanii in having short, non-creeping rhizome branches, glabrous laminae and fertile bracts, exserted flowers, and similarly coloured lateral staminodes, but differs in having an internally pale-yellow rhizome (vs. ivory), globose to subglobose tuberous roots (vs. fusiform), undulate lamina margins (vs. entire), fertile bracts with the lower ones obtrullate and the upper ones rhomboid to lanceolate (vs. broadly ovate), longer, well-exserted flowers (vs. exserted), narrower lateral staminodes with a broadly obtuse to occasionally acute apex (vs. broader, with a rounded apex), a larger, deeply bilobed labellum with a V-shaped sinus c. 8 mm deep (vs. emarginate, with a sinus 4–5 mm deep), and a white filament (vs. pale purple)  

Etymology: The specific epithet “koonmeeana” is named in honor of Mrs. Koonmee Saensouk, in recognition of her invaluable support and contributions behind the study of Zingiberaceae diversity in Thailand.   "กระเจียวม่วงคูณมี"

Surapon Saensouk, Piyaporn Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Prasert Ruannakarn, Auemporn Junsongduang and Ahmad Dwi Setyawan. 2026. Continued Botanical Exploration Uncovers A New endemic Species of Curcuma subgen. Hitcheniopsis (Zingiberaceae) from Central Thailand. Life. 16(10), 1623. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life16101623 [28 September 2026]

[Botany • 2026] Typhonium gonos • A New Species from Northern Thailand and a new synonym [Studies on Typhonium (Araceae: Areae) of Thailand VII]

 

 Typhonium gonos K.Z.Hein & Saensouk, 

in Hein, P. Saensouk, Rakarcha, Warseno et S. Saensouk, 2026.

 taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2214 

 facebook.com/TaiwaniaOffice 

Abstract

Typhonium gonos K.Z.Hein & Saensouk is described and illustrated as a species new to science, restricted to Permian limestone in Phrae Province, Northern Thailand, and compared with its probable closest congener, T. sinhabaedyae Hett. & A.Galloway from Tak Province. In addition, T. pusillum Sookch., V.D.Nguyen & Hett. is newly synonymized under T. gagnepainii J.Murata & Sookch.

Keyword: Aroideae, heterotypic synonym, Indochina, Northern Thailand, permian limestone, plant taxonomy

 Typhonium gonos sp. nov.
 A. Flowering individuals in habitat. B. Plants in habitat showing leaf blade variation within a population.

Photos by T. Uttarapong.

 Typhonium gonos sp. nov.
A. Excavated flowering plant. B. Leaf blade showing abaxial surface. C. Side view of anthomorph at pistillate anthesis. D. Front view of anthomorph at pistillate anthesis. E. Side view of anthomorph at pistillate anthesis (nearside spathe artificially removed to expose the spadix).

Scale bars: A–B.=3 cm, C–E.=5 mm. Photos by T. Sangchun and K.Z. Hein.

Detail of the spadices, each showing pistillate zone, sterile interstice, staminate zone and base of appendix (the near side of the spathe artificially removed).
A. Typhonium gonos sp. nov. B. T. sinhabaedyae.

Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm. Photos by T. Sangchun and K.Z. Hein.

Typhonium gonos K.Z.Hein & Saensouk, sp. nov. 

 Type: THAILAND. Northern: Phrae Province, Long District, Ta Pha Mok Subdistrict, elev. ca. 260 m, 11 May 2026, T. Uttarapong 001 (holotype: ! [spirit collection]; isotype: VMSU! [spirit collection]). 

Diagnosis: Typhonium gonos most closely resembles T. sinhabaedyae Hett. & A.Galloway (Fig. 3B) in its anthomorph, but differs in having a sterile interstice bearing distantly arranged staminodes only in the middle portion, with the lower and upper portions naked (vs. tightly arranged staminodes restricted to the lower part of the sterile interstice immediately above the pistillate zone in T. sinhabaedyae), and a stigma narrower than the ovary narrower than the ovary (vs. wider than the ovary in T. sinhabaedyae).

Etymology: The specific epithet gonos is derived from the Greek γόνος (gonos), meaning seed, semen, or seminal fluid, in allusion to the odour reminiscent of seminal fluid emitted by the anthomorph during pistillate anthesis, and is used as a noun in apposition. 

Details of the spadices of Typhonium gagnepainii showing variation in the shape of the staminodes (A.–C. All specimens originally collected from the same locality).

Scale bars: A-C = 5 mm. Photos by K.Z. Hein.

Khant Zaw Hein, Piyaporn Saensouk, Sarayut Rakarcha, Tri Warseno and Surapon Saensouk. 2026. Studies on Typhonium (Araceae — Areae) of Thailand VII: A New Species and a new synonym.  Taiwania. 71(4); 643-648. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.643 [12 August 2026]

 taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2214

  Researchgate.net/publication/412535832_Studies_on_Typhonium_of_Thailand_VII_A_new_species 

 facebook.com/TaiwaniaOffice/posts/1471319618352058

[Botany • 2026] Boesenbergia calcicola (Zingiberaceae) • A New Species from limestone karst, Northeastern Thailand

 

 Boesenbergia calcicola Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk,

 in Boonma, S. Saensouk, P. Saensouk, Ruengrit, Srisuk, Ruannakarn et Naing, 2026. 

DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life16091480

Abstract

Limestone karst habitats in tropical Asia support specialized and geographically restricted plant diversity, yet many areas remain incompletely explored. During botanical surveys of limestone habitats in northeastern Thailand, a distinctive, yellow-flowered population of Boesenbergia was discovered in Phu Pha Man District, Khon Kaen Province. Morphological observations were conducted on living plants in the natural population and spirit-preserved material, supplemented by comparisons with protologues, published descriptions, and herbarium material. Patterns of phenetic similarity among ten selected Boesenbergia taxa were evaluated using 32 morphological characters, Gower distance, UPGMA clustering, and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). The population is described here as Boesenbergia calcicola Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, sp. nov. It is morphologically most comparable to B. petiolata but differs by its conspicuously exserted inflorescence, shorter bracts and flowers, distally puberulent floral tube, smaller puberulent lateral staminodes, and distinctive labellum color pattern. Phenetic analyses were used to summarize patterns of overall morphological similarity among the examined taxa. The species is currently known only from its limestone type locality at approximately 385 m a.s.l. and is provisionally assessed as Data Deficient (DD). This discovery further documents localized Boesenbergia diversity associated with limestone karst habitats in northeastern Thailand.

Keywords: Boesenbergia; karst; limestone; new species; northeastern; taxonomy; Thailand

 Boesenbergia calcicola Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, sp. nov.
 (a,b) Habit in natural habitat. (c) Dissected rhizome and tuberous root. (d) Lateral view of flower. (e) Dorsal corolla lobe. (f) Lateral view of corolla lobe. (g) Lateral staminodes. (h) Calyx and ovary. (i) Floral tube and stamen with calyx and ovary. (j) Back view of anther. (k) Front view of ovary. (l) Bract. (m) Bracteole. (n) Ovary with epigynous glands. (o) Labellum, flattened under a glass plate to show its fully expanded shape.

Photographs (a,b) by Mukdamas Ruengrit and (c–o) by Thawatphong Boonma.

Boesenbergia calcicola Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk

Diagnosis. Boesenbergia calcicola is morphologically similar to B. petiolata Sirirugsa in having a terminal inflorescence, lanceolate bracts, a broadly ovate to nearly orbicular labellum when flattened, and an anther crest absent, but differs by its inflorescence conspicuously exserted beyond the leafy shoot (vs. enclosed within or only shortly exserted from the upper leaf sheaths), shorter bracts, 1.5–2.5 cm long (vs. 3–4 cm long), shorter flowers, 2.0–2.5 cm long in lateral projection (vs. c. 4 cm long), a shorter calyx, 3.2–4.8 mm long (vs. c. 5 mm long), a floral tube 1.5–2.5 cm long and sparsely puberulent ...

Etymology: The specific epithet “calcicola” is derived from the Latin calx (genitive calcis), meaning “lime” or “limestone”, and -cola, meaning “dweller”, referring to the occurrence of the species on limestone substrates in Phu Pha Man District, Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand.

 Thawatphong Boonma, Surapon Saensouk, Piyaporn Saensouk, Mukdamas Ruengrit, Pathomthat Srisuk, Prasert Ruannakarn and Min Khant Naing. 2026. Further Botanical Exploration of Limestone Karst Habitats in Northeastern Thailand Reveals a New Yellow-Flowered Species of Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae). Life. 2026, 16(9), 1480; DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life16091480 [4 September 2026]

[Botany • 2024] Curcuma roseobracteata (Zingiberaceae) • A New Species from Thailand

   

 Curcuma roseobracteata  P. Saensouk, Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma, 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Maknoi, Nguyen et Boonma, 2024. 

DOI: doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250807

Researchgate.net/publication/383849598

Abstract  

Curcuma roseobracteata P. Saensouk, Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma sp. nov., a newly identified species within the Curcuma subgenus Curcuma of the Zingiberaceae family, has been found in the northern and southwestern floristic regions of Thailand, distributed in Mae Hong Son, Tak, and Kanchanaburi Provinces. This new species shares similarities with C. rubrobracteata Škorni?ková, M. Sabu & Prasanthkumar, and C. suraponii Boonma, but differentiated by its lemon yellow rhizome; leaves base broadly cuneate to rounded, or cordate, abaxial surface with scattered hairs; thyrse oblong ovoid; fertile bracts obovate, rose pink with a pale green base; coma bracts inconspicuous, with 1-4 in number; bracteoles apex rounded with short mucronate; filament c. 3 × 6 mm; anther c. 8.5 × 3.5 mm; epigynous glands c. 4.5 mm long; ovary 2.5-3 × 2.5 mm. The new taxon is formally described here, detailing its morphological characteristics, vernacular name, ecology, phenology, and distribution, which includes updates on the presence of C. suraponii, previously recorded only in Tak Province, but now also observed in Mae Hong Son Province. The study includes an IUCN conservation assessment based on recent collections and presents a revised taxonomic key to differentiate the new species from its relatives. 

Curcuma roseobracteata P. Saensouk, Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma sp. nov. 

Piyaporn SAENSOUK, Surapon SAENSOUK, Charun MAKNOI, Danh Duc NGUYEN and Thawatphong BOONMA. 2024. Curcuma roseobracteata sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Thailand and Distribution Notes on C. suraponii Boonma. Biodiversitas 25: 3368-3375. DOI: doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250807 

Researchgate.net/publication/383849598_Curcuma_roseobracteata_sp_nov_a_new_species_from_Thailand

ว่านงูเห่าชมพู (𝘾𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙚𝙤𝙗𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙖 P.Saensouk, Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma) พืชสกุลขมิ้นชนิดใหม่จากจังหวัดแม่ฮ่องสอน ตาก และกาญจนบุรี ตีพิมพ์ในวารสารระดับนานาชาติ Biodiversitas 25(8): 3368-3375. DOI: doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250807

[Botany • 2026] Typhonium boonmae • A New Species from central Thailand [Studies on Typhonium (Araceae: Areae) of Thailand VI]

 Typhonium boonmae K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk & Saensouk,

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Hein, Rakarcha et Chanthavongsa, 2026.

DOI: doi.org/10.1002/njb.05154

Abstract

A species new to science, Typhonium boonmae K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk and Saensouk, is described and illustrated from Saraburi and Lop Buri Provinces, central Thailand. A detailed description, color plates, comparisons with similar taxa, phenology, distribution, ecology, and a preliminary conservation status assessment are provided.

Keywords: colluvial deposit, Indochina, pedatisect leaf blade, Typhonium bognerianum, Typhonium watanabei

Typhonium boonmae sp. nov. 
(A) Excavated flowering individuals, (B) leaf blade of mature leaf (left showing adaxial surface, right showing abaxial surface), (C) leaf blade of first seasonal leaf (left showing adaxial surface, right showing abaxial surface), (D) leaf blade of juvenile leaf (left showing adaxial surface, right showing abaxial surface), (E) inflorescence at pistillate anthesis (left showing front view, middle showing back view, right showing side view), (F) spadix at pistillate anthesis (nearside of spathe artificially removed), (G) detail of spadix showing pistillate zone, sterile interstice, and staminate zone (nearside of spathe artificially removed).

Scale bars: (A) = 5 cm, (B), (C), (E), and (F) = 2 cm, (D) = 1 cm, (G) = 5 mm. 

Photos by T. Boonma and K. Z. Hein.

Typhonium boonmae K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk & Saensouk sp. nov.  

Diagnosis: A species similar to T. bognerianum J.Murata and Sookch. (Hetterscheid et al. 2001) (Fig. 3A) and T. watanabei J.Murata, Sookch. and Hett. (Murata et al. 2002) (Fig. 3C) in having pedatisect leaf blades with five to seven narrowly linear lobes and similar inflorescence morphology. Typhonium boonmae differs from T. bognerianum by having a stigma narrower than the ovary (versus stigma wider than the ovary), staminodes arranged in a single whorl accompanied by an upper incomplete whorl (versus staminodes arranged in 6–7 whorls), and a sessile appendix (versus stipitate appendix). Typhonium boonmae differs from T. watanabei by having filiform staminodes with acute apices (versus clavate-fusiform staminodes with obtuse or rounded apices), a staminate zone diameter equal to the diameter of the appendix at its base (versus appendix base wider than staminate zone), and a pale yellow to pinkish-orange appendix (versus blackish-grey appendix).

Typhonium boonmae sp. nov. (A) Mature flowering individuals in a clump in situ, (B) inflorescences in situ, left one at post-staminate anthesis and right one at pistillate anthesis.

Photos by T. Boonma and K. Z. Hein.

Details of spadices of Typhonium species with pedatisect leaf blades having narrowly linear lobes (spathe artificially removed).
(A) T. bognerianum, (B) T. boonmae sp. nov., (C) T. watanabei, (D) T. vietnamense, (E) T. lineare, (F) T. pallescens, (G) T. edule.

Photos by K. Z. Hein ((A), (B), (C), (F) and (G), Nguyen Van Canh (D), and Vuong Ba Truong (E)).

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Khant Zaw Hein, Sarayut Rakarcha and Khamfa Chanthavongsa. 2026. Studies on Typhonium (Araceae – Areae) of Thailand VI: Typhonium boonmae sp. nov. from central Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: doi.org/10.1002/njb.05154 [31 August 2026]

[Botany • 2026] Curcuma fibrifera (Zingiberaceae) • A New Species from Vietnam

Curcuma fibrifera Boonma, D.D.Nguyen, P.Saensouk & Saensouk, 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Tuan, Sy, Taesuk, Nguyen, Phimpha et Boonma, 2026.  

Taiwania. 71(1);  

Nghệ Sợi Trắng  ||  taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2149 

Abstract

Knowledge of the diversity of Curcuma species in mainland Southeast Asia remains incomplete, and Vietnam is no exception. To address this gap, we conducted extensive field surveys throughout the country to document native taxa and clarify previously uncertain records. As a result of these efforts, we described and illustrated a new species, Curcuma fibrifera Boonma, D.D.Nguyen, Saensouk & P.Saensouk. In addition, we confirm the presence of three further species, C. comosa Roxb., C. petiolata Roxb., and C. phrayawan Boonma & Saensouk, in Vietnam for the first time, and we correct the prior misidentifications. To complement the taxonomic findings, we applied species distribution modeling to evaluate both current and future suitable habitats for these taxa under low- and high-emission climate scenarios. The inclusion of these species raises the total number of Curcuma subgenus Curcuma in Vietnam to 16, though actual diversity may still be underestimated. Full taxonomic accounts are provided for the new species and newly verified records, covering morphological descriptions, distribution, habitat preferences, phenology, taxonomic affinities, traditional uses, and conservation status. This study contributes a more comprehensive account of Curcuma diversity in Vietnam, supports conservation planning, and identifies priorities for further taxonomic and ecological investigations.

Keyword: Conservation, Curcuma comosa, Curcuma fibrifera, Curcuma petiolate, Curcuma phrayawan, Indochina, Zingibereae

Curcuma fibrifera Boonma, D.D.Nguyen, P.Saensouk & Saensouk.
 A. Front view of flower. B. Side view of anther with floral tube. C. Front view of anther with dissected floral tube to show the epigynous glands. D. Dorsal corolla lobe E. Lateral corolla lobes. F. Lateral staminodes. G. Labellum. H. Dissected calyx. I. Side view of flower. J. Fertile bract. K. Habit. L. Cincinnus with flower and young buds. Photos by Thawatphong Boonma.

Curcuma fibrifera Boonma, D.D.Nguyen, P.Saensouk & Saensouk.
A. Dissection of branches rhizome, and fibrous threads visible when broken apart of branches rhizome. B. Habits. C. Semi-top view of inflorescences. D. Side view of inflorescence with flowers. E. Dorsal corolla lobe. F. Lateral corolla lobes. G. Cincinnus with flower and young buds. H. Side view of flower. I. Lateral staminodes. J. Labellum. K. Side view of anther with floral tube. L. Front view of anther with dissected floral tube to show the epigynous glands. M. Front view of flower.

Photos by Thawatphong Boonma.

Curcuma fibrifera Boonma, D.D.Nguyen, P.Saensouk & Saensouk, sp. nov. 

Diagnosis: Curcuma fibrifera is similar to C. wanenlueanga Saensouk, Thomudtha & Boonma (Saensouk et al., 2021c, 2025b) in having terminal inflorescences, coma bracts, epigynous glands, spurred anthers, and flowers of the gullet type, but differs in having rhizomes ovoid to subglobose, 3–4 × 3–4 cm, ivory to cream (vs. ovoid, 5–9 × 3–5 cm, yellow); branches rhizome internal ivory with cream core, fibrous threads visible when broken (vs. yellow with darker yellow core, no fibrous threads when broken); leafy shoot 60–85 cm tall (vs. 100–150 cm); leaf sheaths 15–32 cm long (vs. 10–60 cm); petiole 5–13 cm long, green (vs. 15– 35 cm long, green with reddish tinge); lamina lanceolate to elliptic, 28–45 × 8–14 cm, base cuneate to rounded, midrib green (vs. narrowly lanceolate, 50–70 × 15–18 cm, base attenuate, midrib reddish-purple, fading with age); peduncle 20–24 cm long (vs. 30–40 cm); lateral staminodes asymmetrical ovate, apex obtuse to acute, 1.4–1.6 × 1.0 cm (vs. irregularly obovate, apex rounded, 1.3–1.4 × 0.7–0.8 cm); filament 3.2–3.5 mm long (vs. ca. 4 mm); anther spurs narrowly conical, ca. 1.5 mm, curved inward (vs. ca. 4 mm, pointing downward); and ovary oblate, 3–4 × 2 mm (vs. subglobose, ca. 3 × 3 mm).

Etymology: The specific epithet “fibrifera” is derived from the Latin words fibra meaning “fiber” and fero, ferre meaning “to bear, to produce, to carry.” Thus, fibrifera means “bearing fibers” or “producing fibers,” in reference to the characteristic fibrous threads that appear when the branches rhizome is broken, resembling the breaking of the petioles of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Nguyen Hoang Tuan, Vo Van Sy, Nonthiwat Taesuk, Danh Duc Nguyen, Suriya Phimpha and Thawatphong Boonma. 2026. A New Species and three new records of Curcuma subgenus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) for Vietnam with notes on their traditional utilization and conservation status.  Taiwania. 71(1); 83-100 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.83 [2026 January 12]

https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2149 

[Botany • 2025] Boesenbergia burmanica (Zingiberaceae) • A New Species from Myanmar

 

  Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk:

 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Boonma, Htway, Oo, Naing et Junsongduang, 2025. 

DOI: doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy5040070 

Abstract

Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk, a new species from Naypyidaw Union Territory, Myanmar, is described based on morphological examination of specimens collected during field surveys in 2024–2025. The genus Boesenbergia is taxonomically complex, and ongoing botanical exploration in Southeast Asia continues to reveal undescribed taxa. Comparative analyses of living plants, herbarium materials, and published descriptions were conducted to determine diagnostic features. Boesenbergia burmanica is closely related to B. meghalayensis Aishwarya & M.Sabu but differs in having ovoid, branched rhizomes, a pubescent lamina on both surfaces, and an oblanceolate labellum with bright red markings. It grows in shady, sandy-loam habitats at 140–145 m elevation and flowers from August to September, producing inflorescences with nine to ten flowers. Species of Boesenbergia are traditionally used in Myanmar and neighboring regions as medicinal and ornamental plants, and notes on local ethnobotanical knowledge are provided. The new species exhibits high ornamental potential due to its compact clumping habit and attractive floral coloration. Cultivation guidelines are provided to support ex situ conservation and horticultural development for sustainable use. This discovery increases the number of Boesenbergia species recorded in Myanmar to 14 and highlights the importance of continued field-based taxonomic and conservation research on regional Zingiberaceae diversity.

Keywords: Boesenbergia; conservation; ethnobotany; Myanmar flora; new species; plant diversity; taxonomy; Zingibereae 

  Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk:
(a) Top view of habits. (b) Front view of flower. (c) Abaxial of leaf. (d) Rhizome dissected to show the internal coloration. (g) Side view of pseudostems.
(e) Parts of flower of B. burmanica from left to right: side view of anther, epigynous glands with ovary, calyx, dorsal corolla lobe, lateral corolla lobes, staminodes and labellum.
(f) Parts of flower of B. meghalayensis from left to right: side view of anther, epigynous glands with ovary, calyx, dorsal corolla lobe, lateral corolla lobes, staminodes, and labellum. 

  Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk sp. nov.:
 (a) Front view of anther. (b) Back view of anther. (c) Side view of flower. (d) Side view of anther with floral tube, calyx, and ovary. (e) Bract. (f) Calyx. (g) Habit. (h) Dorsal corolla lobe. (i) Lateral corolla lobes. (j) Staminodes. (k) Epigynous glands and ovary. (l) Labellum.

Illustration drawn by Thawatphong Boonma.

Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Boesenbergia burmanica is similar to B. meghalayensis Aishwarya & M.Sabu, but differs in having ovoid, branched rhizomes (vs. running); ovoid tuberous roots (vs. cylindrical); ligule 3–5 mm long (vs. 1–2 mm); lamina narrowly elliptic, pubescent on both surfaces (vs. elliptic, glabrous); bracts pale green, puberulent (vs. white, glabrous); bracteole puberulent (vs. glabrous); rachis elongate with 9–10 flowers (vs. 4–5 flowers); labellum oblanceolate, not saccate, apex incised, white with bright red towards the apex and reddish spots on the mid-lobe (vs. ovate, saccate, apex acute, white with maroon towards the tip, maroon spots in the throat, and pale yellow along the mid-lobe); and larger anther (7.5–7.7 × 3.4–3.6 mm) with smaller crest not touching the anther backside (vs. 5–6 × 2 mm, crest 2.5 × 2 mm, tip touching backside) (Table 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3).

Etymology: The specific epithet “burmanica” refers to Myanmar (formerly Burma), the country where the species was discovered.

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Nyi Nyi Htway, Win Paing Oo, Min Khant Naing and Auemporn Junsongduang. 2025. A New Species of Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae) from Myanmar, with Notes on Diversity, Utilization, Conservation, and Horticultural Potential. Taxonomy. 5(4), 70; DOI: doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy5040070 [17 December 2025]

Researchgate.net/publication/398772402_A_New_Species_of_Boesenbergia_from_Myanmar

[Botany • 2025] Typhonium cucullatum • A New Species from Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand [Studies on Typhonium (Araceae) of Thailand III]

 

Typhonium cucullatum K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk & Saensouk, 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Hein, Boonma, Rakarcha et Naive. 2025. 

 taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2087 

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Abstract

Typhonium cucullatum, a new species from Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand, is described and illustrated. A detailed description, color plates, a discussion of similar taxa, phenology, distribution, and a conservation status assessment are provided.

Keyword: Areae, Aroideae, Cretaceous sandstone, Indochina, spathe movement, Typhonium laoticum

Typhonium cucullatum sp. nov.
A. Excavated flowering individual showing adaxial surface of leaf blades, B. Side view of inflorescence at post-pistillate anthesis, C. Detail of spadix showing pistillate zone, sterile interstice, and staminate zone (nearside of spathe artificially removed), D. Spadix at post-pistillate anthesis (nearside of spathe artificially removed), E. Excavated flowering individual showing abaxial surface of leaf blades.  
Spathe movement of Typhonium cucullatum sp. nov. during anthesis. A. & B. Inflorescence at early pistillate anthesis, spathe limb erect, gaping and expanding to reveal the staminate zone, C. & D. Inflorescence at middle pistillate anthesis, spathe limb reflexing and curling strongly backward, E. & F. Inflorescence at post-pistillate anthesis, spathe limb gradually curving forward, with the lower part of the spathe limb margins strongly convolute, closing over the staminate zone, G. & H. Inflorescence at staminate anthesis, forward curvature of the spathe limb most prominent. (A., C., E., G. Front view of inflorescence, B., D., F., H. Side view of inflorescence)

 Photos by: Khant Zaw Hein.

 

Typhonium cucullatum K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk & Saensouk, sp. nov. 

Diagnosis: Typhonium cucullatum is unique within the genus in having a spathe limb that curves strongly forward, forming a hood-like shape at the end of pistillate anthesis and remaining intact through post-staminate anthesis despite signs of withering. In overall morphology, T. cucullatum is most similar to T. laoticum (Gagnepain, 1942), but can be readily distinguished by its spathe limb curving strongly forward (vs. the spathe limb reflexed backward in T. laoticum), a shorter staminate zone with 4–6 whorls of stamens (vs. 12–15 whorls of stamens in T. laoticum), and a stipitate appendix (vs. a sessile appendix in T. laoticum).

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin cucullatus, meaning ‘hooded’, referring to the spathe limb becoming forwardly curved and hood-like.

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Khant Zaw Hein, Thawatphong Boonma, Sarayut Rakarcha and Mark Arcebal K. Naive. 2025. Studies on Typhonium Schott (Araceae) of Thailand III: Typhonium cucullatum, A New Species from Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand. Taiwania. 70(3); 398-402.  DOI: 10.6165/tai.2025.70.398 [2025 June 18]   taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2087

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[Botany • 2025] Cornukaempferia puangpeniae & C. aurantiiflora var. vespera (Zingiberaceae) • New Taxa from northern Thailand

  

Cornukaempferia puangpeniae P. Saensouk, Saensouk, Boonma & Techa, 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Boonma, Techa, Rakarcha, Ragsasilp et Nguyen, 2025. 

เปราะทองอาจารย์พวงเพ็ญ  ||  DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41603  

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Abstract

Thailand hosts a diverse array of plants in the Zingiberaceae family, with over 150 endemic species, highlighting its significance in global biodiversity. The genus Cornukaempferia stands out for its ornamental and medicinal value. During a research expedition in Northern Thailand, a previously unknown Cornukaempferia species was discovered in Sukhothai province, expanding the known distribution range. It was confirmed through comprehensive taxonomic analysis as a new species, Cornukaempferia puangpeniae. Additionally, a new variety, C. aurantiiflora var. vespera, was identified in Uttaradit Province. The genus now encompasses eight species and two varieties with the addition of these taxa, exhibiting a notable prevalence in Thailand and highlighting its significant endemism. Particularly, C. larsenii is noteworthy for being native to Thailand and Laos. Detailed morphological descriptions, including diagnoses with related taxa, were provided. The species' ecological characteristics, pollen morphology, traditional uses, and conservation status were documented. A revised key to species and varieties in the genus Cornukaempferia, including a UPGMA cluster analysis dendrogram elucidating morphological relationships within the genus, was presented. These discoveries contribute to the botanical knowledge of the region, underscoring the importance of continued exploration and conservation efforts in preserving its rich flora.

 

Keywords: Cornukaempferia, new species, Sukhothai, Taxonomy, Uttaradit, Zingiberaceae

Cornukaempferia puangpeniae P. Saensouk, Saensouk, Boonma & Techa sp. nov.;
 (A) young leaf is rolled and erect before unfurling; (B) flower; (C) habit; (D) habitat

 (Photographs: A–B by T. Boonma, C by S. Saensouk, D by C. Techa).

 Cornukaempferia puangpeniae P.Saensouk, Saensouk, Boonma & Techa sp. nov

Diagnosis: Similar to C. kamolwaniae Picheans., Yupparach & Wongsuwan, but differs, particularly in dormancy characteristics, in having a tuberous root with two layers: a light brown core and an outer yellow layer (vs. C. kamolwaniae, which have a brownish inner core, followed by an orange-brownish middle layer, and finally an outer layer in yellow-oak); leaf sheath 5–7 cm long (vs. 3.5–4 cm long); lamina adaxially dark green with a dark reddish-purple tinge (vs. dark green without a dark reddish-purple tinge); bracts pubescent (vs. glabrous with a pubescent apex); floral tube sparsely hairy (vs. glabrous); staminodes apex acute (vs. apex rounded); labellum apex acute without incision (vs. apex rounded with an incision 2–3 mm long); filament 4.5–5 mm long, sparsely hairy (vs. 7–9 mm long, glabrous); anther 2.5–2.8 cm long (vs. 1.5–1.8 cm long); epigynous glands measure approximately 4 mm in length (vs. 1–2 mm in length).

Etymology: The specific epithet “puangpeniae” is a tribute to Prof. Dr. Puangpen Sirirugsa, a renowned botanist with expertise in Zingiberaceae. She holds the distinction of being the first Thai researcher to conduct extensive studies on the Zingiberaceae family in Thailand.

Cornukaempferia aurantiiflora var. vespera P. Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma var. nov.;
(A) habit in natural habitat; (B) top view of flower; (C) top view of habit

(Photographs: A by T. Boonma, B–C by S. Saensouk).

 Cornukaempferia aurantiiflora var. vespera P.Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma var. nov

Etymology: “vespera” is derived from the Latin word “vesperum”, meaning “evening”, which refers to its flower blooming in the evening.

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Chainarong Techa, Sarayut Rakarcha, Areerat Ragsasilp and Danh Duc Nguyen. 2025. Cornukaempferia puangpeniae sp. nov. and C. aurantiiflora var. vespera var. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Northern Thailand.  Heliyon. 11(2), e41603. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41603  

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[Botany • 2024] Curcuma sumonii & C. wanchaii (Curcuma subg. Curcuma, Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae) • A New Taxa from Thailand

 

Curcuma sumonii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Boonma & Techa 

C. wanchaii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma, 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Boonma, Ragsasilp, Maknoi, Techa, Srisuk et Souladeth, 2024. 

DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79261-x 

(Photographs by T. Boonma).

Abstract 

This research presents the discovery of two novel taxa, Curcuma sumonii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Boonma & Techa, and C. wanchaii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma, belonging to the Curcuma subgenus Curcuma. Curcuma sumonii was collected in Sukhothai Province, Northern Thailand, while C. wanchaii was found in Kanchanaburi Province, Southwestern Thailand. Our study provides a comprehensive documentation of their morphological attributes, including detailed descriptions supported by visual aids. In addition to morphological data, we offer insights into vernacular names, ecological characteristics, phenology, traditional uses, conservation status, and distribution maps. Morphological comparison Tables 1 and 2 are provided to differentiate between these newly discovered taxa and their allied species. Furthermore, we present an identification key to facilitate the differentiation of these taxa from their allied species. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of biodiversity within the Curcuma genus and offer valuable information for further conservation efforts and taxonomic research.

Keywords: Curcuma, Critically endangered, Kanchanaburi, Sukhothai, Taxonomy, Zingiberales 

Curcuma sumonii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Boonma & Techa sp. nov.
 (A) habit in natural habitat, and (B) side view of inflorescence with flowers.

(Photographed by Surapon Saensouk).

 Curcuma sumonii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Boonma & Techa, sp. nov. 

Curcuma wanchaii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma sp. nov.
(A) inflorescences, (B) flower, (C) side and front view of anther, (D) habits in the natural habitat, growing along with Globba substrigosa King ex Baker.

(Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma).

C. wanchaii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma, sp. nov. 

  

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Areerat Ragsasilp, Charan Maknoi, Chainarong Techa, Pathomthat Srisuk and Phetlasy Souladeth. 2024.  Curcuma sumonii sp. nov., and C. wanchaii sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae), Two New Taxa of Curcuma subgen. Curcuma from Thailand. Scientific Reports. 14: 27541. DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79261-x 

 

[Botany • 2022] Kaempferia sipraiana (Zingiberaceae) • A New Species from Thailand and a new record of Kaempferia pseudoparviflora for Myanmar

 

Kaempferia sipraiana Boonma & Saensouk,  

in Boonma, S. Saensouk et P. Saensouk, 2022.

  smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/10728 

  Researchgate.net/publication/360728699

Abstract

Kaempferia sipraiana Boonma & Saensouk, a new species of Kaempferia subgenus Protanthium (Zingiberaceae) from northern Thailand and K. pseudoparviflora Saensouk P. & Saensouk, a new record species of Kaempferia subgenus Kaempferia for Myanmar are described, illustrated, and photographed. The dominant characters of Kaempferia sipraiana were leaves narrowly elliptic, green with short white stripes arranged parallel along the leaf edges, between the midrib and both sides of the edges, apex acuminate with slightly mucronate, base attenuate-oblique; peduncle glabrous; bracts apex mucronate, glabrous, red with dark red veins; bracteoles glabrous; floral tube shorter than calyx; calyx glabrous; staminodes oblanceolate, apex 3-lobes like curly brackets; labellum white at the base with pinkish purple in the middle gradually fade to pale pink and to reach to white tip and edge respectively, apex 3-lobes like curly brackets, each lobe 3.0–3.3 cm long; apex 4 lobes, outer lobes acute, inner lobes obtuse rarely combined to truncate; stigma with pink lips. The dominant characters of K. pseudoparviflora were one leaf and dark green with light grey markings, the inflorescence looks like inflorescence of K. parviflora. The information on vernacular name, distribution, phenology, ecology, conservation status, specimens examined, and an identification key to both species of Kaempferia in Thailand is revised and presented.

 Kaempferia sipraiana Boonma & Saensouk sp. nov.
 (A) inflorescence with flowers-side view, (B) flowers-oblique top view, (C) flower-top view, (D) plant in natural habitat.

Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma

Kaempferia sipraiana Boonma & Saensouk, sp.nov.

Thawatphong Boonma, Surapon Saensouk and Piyaporn Saensouk. 2022. Kaempferia sipraiana (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Thailand and a new record of Kaempferia pseudoparviflora for Myanmar. Biodiversitas. 23: 2203-2211.  smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/10728 

  Researchgate.net/publication/360728699_Kaempferia_sipraiana_a_new_species_from_Thailand