Tuesday, July 21, 2020

[Ornithology • 2020] Taxonomic Evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) Complex (Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes Sixteen Species


 Grallaria alvarezi Cuervo, Cadena, Isler, & Chesser

in Isler, Chesser, Robbins, et al., 2020.
(photo: Eddie Alvarez) twitter.com/AMCuervo

Abstract
Populations in the Rufous Antpitta (Grallaria rufula) complex occupy humid montane forests of the Andes from northern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela to central Bolivia. Their tawny to cinnamon-colored plumages are generally uniform, featuring subtle variation in hue and saturation across this range. In contrast to their conservative plumage, substantial vocal differences occur among geographically isolated or parapatric populations. Working within the framework of a comprehensive molecular phylogeny, we reexamined species limits in the G. rufula complex, basing taxonomic recommendations on diagnostic differences in vocalizations and considering identifiable differences in plumage where pertinent. We identified 16 populations for species designation, including seven populations previously described as subspecies and, remarkably, six new species described herein. Within one of these species, we identified less robust vocal differences between populations that we designate as subspecies. Geographic variation exists within another species, but its critical evaluation requires additional material. Taxonomic revisions of groups consisting of cryptic species, like the Grallaria rufula complex, are imperative for their conservation. Rather than widespread species as currently defined, these complexes can comprise many range-restricted taxa at higher risk of extinction given the continuing human pressures on their habitats.

Keywords: Andes, systematics, species limits, Grallariidae, Grallaria rufula, Grallaria blakei, Grallaria rufocinerea, Aves



Grallaria saltuensis Wetmore, 1946, subspecies elevated to species
Grallaria spatiator Bangs, 1898, subspecies elevated to species

Grallaria rufula sensu stricto Lafresnaye, 1843
Grallaria rufocinerea Sclater & Salvin, 1879
Grallaria alvarezi Cuervo, Cadena, Isler, & Chesser, new species
Grallaria saturata Domaniewski & Stolzmann, 1918, subspecies resurrected and elevated to species

Grallaria cajamarcae (Chapman, 1927), subspecies elevated to species
Grallaria blakei Graves, 1987
Grallaria gravesi Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner, new species
Grallaria oneilli Chesser & Isler, new species
Grallaria obscura Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896, subspecies elevated to species

 Grallaria centralis Hosner, Robbins, Isler, & Chesser, new species
Grallaria ayacuchensis Hosner, Robbins, Isler, & Chesser, new species

 Grallaria occabambae (Chapman, 1923), subspecies elevated to species
Grallaria occabambae marcapatensis, Isler & Chesser, new subspecies
Grallaria sinaensis Robbins, Isler, Chesser, & Tobias, new species
Grallaria cochabambae Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940, subspecies elevated to species




Grallaria saltuensis Wetmore, 1946
Perijá Antpitta 
Etymology. The English name, first proposed by Meyer de Schauensee (1950), reflects the mountain range to which this species is restricted.
Grallaria spatiator Bangs, 1898
Sierra Nevada Antpitta 
Etymology. The English name Sierra Nevada is a shortened name widely used in Colombia for the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, to which this species is restricted. The name was also used by Krabbe et al. (2019).


Grallaria rufula sensu stricto Lafresnaye, 1843
Muisca Antpitta 
Etymology. The English name honors the Muisca civilization that occupied the altiplano and slopes of the Eastern Andes. Muisca culture survives in the contemporary Colombian society of this region.


Grallaria rufocinerea Sclater & Salvin, 1879
Bicolored Antpitta


 

Grallaria alvarezi Cuervo, Cadena, Isler, & Chesser, new species
Chamí Antpitta

 Etymology. The scientific name honors Colombian ornithologist Mauricio Álvarez Rebolledo, who led several biological expeditions during the peak of political instability of the 1990s and early 2000s in Colombia, while playing an important role in conservation and education. Mauricio pioneered avian sound recording in the country, establishing the Colección de Sonidos Ambientales at Instituto Alexander von Humboldt. The English name honors the “people of the mountains,” the Emberá-Chamí indigenous community inhabiting the slopes of northern Western Andes of Colombia. Chamí means mountain, and Tatamá, the name of the type locality, means “the grandfather of the rivers” in Emberá language.


Grallaria saturata Domaniewski & Stolzmann, 1918
Equatorial Antpitta
Etymology. The English name reflects the geographic location of the range of this species, which straddles the Equator.


Grallaria cajamarcae (Chapman, 1927)
Cajamarca Antpitta  
Etymology. The English name reflects the scientific name and the geographic range of this species, which is primarily confined to Cajamarca, Peru. The name was also used by Krabbe et al. (2019).


Grallaria blakei Graves, 1987
Chestnut Antpitta 


Grallaria gravesi Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner, new species
Graves’s Antpitta
Etymology. We are pleased to name this species for our friend and colleague Dr. Gary R. Graves, whose ornithological contributions include the field work and subsequent analysis that resulted in the recognition of G. blakei. After describing G. blakei, Gary Graves embarked on a study of the taxonomic issues presented by the G. rufula complex that culminated in this paper, to which he has provided support.


 Grallaria oneilli Chesser & Isler, new species
O’Neill’s Antpitta
Etymology. The scientific and English names honor Dr. John P. O’Neill who collected the type specimen. John O’Neill has dedicated his career to the exploration of ornithologically unknown regions in Peru, extending knowledge of poorly known species, discovering new taxa, and training generations of students in the art and science of ornithological field work. Newly described species in this paper reflect the modern renewal of ornithological collecting in the Andes, of which John O’Neill was a pioneer.



Grallaria obscura Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896
Junín Antpitta 
Etymology. The English name is adapted from Cory & Hellmayr (1924) and reflects the limited distribution of this species.
Grallaria centralis Hosner, Robbins, Isler, & Chesser, new species
Oxapampa Antpitta
Etymology. The scientific name reflects the range of this species near the geographic center of Peru. The English name reflects the Province of Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru, where initial recordings were made by T. S. Schulenberg (ML 35960, 40063) and specimens (LSUMZ 106081, 170664) were collected by Louisiana State University expeditions in 1982 and 1985.
Grallaria ayacuchensis Hosner, Robbins, Isler, & Chesser, new species
Ayacucho Antpitta
Etymology. The scientific and English names reflect its restricted known distribution on the humid eastern slopes of the Department of Ayacucho, Peru.


Grallaria occabambae (Chapman, 1923)
Urubamba Antpitta

Grallaria occabambae marcapatensis, Isler & Chesser, new subspecies
Etymology. The subspecific name refers to the Marcapata district, where the type specimen was collected.


Grallaria sinaensis Robbins, Isler, Chesser, & Tobias, new species
Puno Antpitta
Etymology. The scientific name reflects the name of the type locality, and the English name reflects the Peruvian department in which the type locality is located.


Grallaria cochabambae Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940
Bolivian Antpitta
Etymology. The English name refers to the country to which this species is endemic. The name was also used by Krabbe et al. (2019).

     


Morton L. Isler, R. Terry Chesser, Mark B. Robbins, Andrés M. Cuervo, Carlos Daniel Cadena and Peter A. Hosner. 2020.  Taxonomic Evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) Complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes Sixteen Species. Zootaxa. 4817(1); 1-74. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4817.1.1  

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