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| Magnolia zotictla A.Sánch.-Gonz., Gut.-Lozano & A.Vázquez, in Sánchez-González, Gutiérrez-Lozano, Yescas, ... et Vázquez-García, 2021. |
Abstract
A new species of Magnolia from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico, is described and illustrated, providing information about its habitat distribution, ecology, biogeography and conservation status. After 12 fieldwork expeditions near the border of the states of Hidalgo and Puebla, we have developed morphological, ecological and biogeographic data to support recognition of populations from Acaxochitlán, Hidalgo and Pahuatlán, Puebla as a distinct species of Magnolia sect. Macrophylla. A key to species of this section and a distribution map for Mexican taxa are provided. The species was assessed as critically endangered (CR).
Keywords: Cloud-forest species, Mexican endemic, Mexican flora, Magnolia dealbata
Magnolia zotictla A.Sánch.-Gonz., Gut.-Lozano & A.Vázquez, spec. nov.
Type:—MEXICO. Hidalgo: Municipality Acaxochitlán, Zotictla, 0.3 km al SE de San Miguel del Resgate, bosque mesófilo de montaña, 1743 m, 20°13’32.5”N, 98°09’48”W, 5 May 2021 (fl & fr) Gutiérrez-Lozano et al. 10186 (holotype: HGOM; isotypes: ENCB, IBUG, OAX).
Magnolia zotictla is morphologically more similar to the distant M. dealbata than to nearby M. rzedowskiana. It shares with the former habit size and large, deciduous, abaxially glaucous leaves. However, it differs from M. dealbata in having pubescent pedicels (vs. glabrescent), flowers with sepals erect (uncurled) at female phase (vs. curling outwards with petals maintaining a compact oblong conic shape), most petals strongly curled outward (vs. occasionally curling), stamens 1.3–1.8 (vs. 1.9–2.1 cm long), stigmas crowded, strongly curved outward and covering the carpels (vs. loose, slightly curved outward and exposing the carpels), young fruits velvety (vs. glabrescent), mature fruits pinkish-purplish to dark red (vs. dark greenish to yellowish), carpels densely pubescent (vs. glabrescent) and carpel beak acuminate to caudate with the stigmatic tip sometimes persistent during dehiscence (vs. acute to blunt with a deciduous stigmatic tip).
Ethnobotany:—In the ancient cultures of America and Asia, magnolias were known for their ornamental and pharmacological use, essentially to alleviate various types of human pathologies (Pfaffman 1975, Dodd 1980, Gutiérrez-Carvajal 1993, Gutiérrez and Vovides 1997, Satyajiy et al. 2002, Vázquez-García et al. 2015). This species is known locally as magnolia, eloxóchitl or yeloxóchitl (cornflower in Náhuatl), and its showy and fragrant flowers are usually collected for sale locally. The most important use in the region is to prepare floral infusions to treat heart problems, nerve problems and scars. It is also used as an ornamental plant. A few people from Santa Catarina, Toxtla and Zotictla sell the petals largely on Sunday in the local markets of Hidalgo (Actopan, Pachuca, San Miguel Resgate and Tulancingo), Puebla (Honey, Pahuatlán), Veracruz (Poza Rica and Tuxpan), and Mexico City (Sonora traditional market). A kg of petals sells at $4–6 USD for use as infusions.
Arturo Sánchez-González, Marisol Gutiérrez-Lozano, Reyna Domínguez Yescas, Adriana Gisela Hernández-Álvarez, A. Salomé Ortega-Peña and J. Antonio Vázquez-García. 2021. Magnolia zotictla (Magnolia sect. Macrophylla, Magnoliaceae): A New Species from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental, México. Phytotaxa. 513(4); 271-281. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.4.1
Resumen: Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Magnolia del sur de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México, proporcionando información sobre su distribución, hábitat, ecología, biogeografía y estado de conservación de la especie. A través de 12 expediciones de trabajo de campo cerca de la frontera de los estados de Hidalgo y Puebla, se recabaron datos morfológicos, ecológicos y biogeográficos que apoyan el reconocimiento de las poblaciones de Acaxochitlán, Hidalgo y Pahuatlán, Puebla como una especie distintiva de Magnolia de la sección Macrophylla. Se proporciona una clave de las especies de esta sección y un mapa de distribución de los taxones mexicanos. La especie fue evaluada como en peligro crítico (CR).
Palabras clave: flora del bosques nuboso, Especie endémica mexicana, flora mexicana, Magnolia dealbata
