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| Clermontia hanaulaensis H.Oppenheimer, Lorence & W.L.Wagner, in Oppenheimer, Lorence et Wagner, 2023. |
Abstract
Clermontia hanaulaensis H.Oppenheimer, Lorence & W.L.Wagner, sp. nov., a newly discovered, narrowly distributed endemic species, is herein described based on its morphological characteristics and illustrated with field photos and a line drawing. It is currently known only from the slopes of Hana‘ula, in Pōhākea Gulch, Mauna Kahālāwai, west Maui, Hawaiian Islands. It differs from all other species of Clermontia Gaudich. by the combination of its (2)3–4(–5) flowered inflorescence, violet colored perianth often suffused with creamy white streaks or sometimes creamy white with violet-purple irregular veins, (30)35–45(–50) mm long, perianth tube 15–25(–27) mm long, 9–10 mm wide, the lobes 20–26 mm long, (2–)3–3.5 mm wide, with petaloid calyx lobes 1/2–4/5 as long as the petals. A key to the Clermontia species and subspecies occurring on Maui is provided. Its habitat is described. Its conservation status is proposed as critically endangered (CR), and conservation efforts are discussed.
Key words: Campanulaceae, Clermontia, conservation, endemism, Hawaiian Islands
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| Clermontia from Pōhākea Gulch area, west Maui A–C Clermontia hanaulaensis H. Oppenheimer, Lorence & W.L. Wagner A, B habit, from field images of type collection with purple and white perianth (from Oppenheimer & Severson H82102) C mature fruit, taken in Sep. 2020 D–F from other Clermontia plants in Pōhākea Gulch showing variations that could represent hybridization between C. hanaulaensis and other sympatric species or between other species in the area D habit, form with shorter, wider calyx showing slight separation of calyx tube from corolla tube, taken in Sep. 2020 (unvouchered) E habit, form with shorter, wider calyx, taken in Aug. 2020 (unvouchered) F habit, form with white perianth, taken in Aug. 2020 (H. Oppenheimer & K. Severson H82101, BISH, PTBG, US). All photos by H. Oppenheimer. |
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| Clermontia hanaulaensis H.Oppenheimer, Lorence & W.L.Wagner A habit of flowering stem B detail of flower at anthesis C fruit. (A, B, drawn from type collection and field images of type plant (Oppenheimer & Severson H82102; isotype US) C drawn from field image of non-type plant in Pōhākea Gulch). Illustration by Alice Tangerini. |
Clermontia hanaulaensis H.Oppenheimer, Lorence, & W.L.Wagner, sp. nov.
Etymology: The specific name honors Hana‘ula, a peak on southern Mauna Kahālāwai (aka west Maui Mountains). Lit. red bay (Pukui et al. 1966); + Latin suffix -ensis, indicating a place of origin or growth. The Hawaiian vernacular names ‘ōhā wai, ‘ōhā, hāhā, ‘ōhāhā, ‘ōhā wai nui, and ‘ōhāhā wai nui apply to other species of Clermontia (Pukui and Elbert 1986; Lammers 1991; Wagner et al. 1999).
Hank Oppenheimer, David H. Lorence and Warren L. Wagner. 2023. Clermontia hanaulaensis (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), A New, critically endangered Species from Maui, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys. 227: 167-179. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.227.100725
