 |
| (a–b) Calostoma naaxtututs (c–f) C. tooteic Deloya-Olvera, Virgen-Vasquez, Xoconostle-Cázares & J. Pérez-Moreno (g) Gathering of Calostoma ethnotaxa by Ayuuk jä´äy women. in Deloya-Olvera, Xoconostle-Cazares, Vasquez, Pérez-Moreno, Martínez-González, Almaraz, Jiménez et Sánchez-García, 2023. |
Abstract
During a study of fungal species with biocultural importance in the Sierra Mixe in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, specimens belonging to the genus Calostoma were collected in 2015. Morphological characteristics, electron micrographs and phylogenetic analyses of the collected specimens were used to identify the fungi at the species level. Herein we describe Calostoma naaxtutus and Calostoma tooteic as new species and compared them morphologically and phylogenetically with their most similar species, C. cinnabarinum. This constitutes one of the few records of any mushroom species that the Mexican Ayuuk jä’äy ethnic group uses.
Keywords: Fungi, Boletales, edible fungi, ethnomycology, ethnotaxa, Mixe people, mycocultural heritage, Oaxaca
|
| Calostoma naaxtututs (a–b) and C. tooteic (c–f). a. Gasterocarp appearance (Holotype), showing color variation (in the top right corner). b) Scanning electronic microphotography showing the ornamentation pattern of spores; c–d) Gasterocarp appearance (Holotype), showing colour variation in (e). f. Scanning electronic microphotography showing the ornamentation pattern of spores; (g) Gathering of Calostoma ethnotaxa by Ayuuk jä´äy women. |
Calostoma naaxtututs Deloya-Olvera, Virgen-Vasquez, Xoconostle-Cázares & J. Pérez-Moreno sp. nov.
Diagnosis: Differing from other Calostoma species by its thick gelatinous exoperidium, persistent, hyaline, 3 mm thick; size of basidiospores (9.3)9.9–13.8(14.6) × (7.0)7.3–10.8(11.7) µm, Q= 1.08–1.71 μm; Qm= 1.27 μm; and stipe size: 0.5–1.5 cm high × 0.3–1.0 cm in diameter.
Etymology:—Refers to the name used by Ayuuk jä’äy people to designate this edible species naax tututs (naax=earth, tututs=egg) literally meaning “egg of the earth” due to egg-like flavour of the fungus.
Calostoma tooteic Deloya-Olvera, Virgen-Vasquez, Xoconostle-Cázares & J. Pérez-Moreno sp. nov.
Diagnosis: differing from other Calostoma species by exoperidium gelatinous, thin and ephemeral with age; size of spores: (11.3–)12.2–18.0(–19.2) × (8.5–)8.8–12.4(–12.8) µm, Q= 1.11–1.81 μm Qm=1.4 μm and stipe 1.5–5.0 cm high × 1.5–2.0 cm in diameter
Etymology:—Refers to the name used by Ayuuk jä’äy people to designate the long stipe of this edible species, and the possibility to find this fungus in the rainy season; too teic (too= rain, teic=foot) literally meaning “the rain foot”.
Miriam Deloya-Olvera, Beatriz Xoconostle-Cazares, Sofia Virgen Vasquez, Jesús Pérez-Moreno, César Ramiro Martínez-González, Juan J. Almaraz, Mario Jiménez, Martín E. Sánchez-García. 2023. Two New Neotropical Species of the ectomycorrhizal gasteroid Genus Calostoma (Sclerodermatineae, Boletales) used as A Food Source by the Ayuuk jä’äy Ethnic Group from Southern Mexico. Phytotaxa. 612(2); 148-158. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.2.3
