Species New to Science

Sunday, July 3, 2011

[Herpetology • 2011] Pseudophilautus hankeni & P. schneideri • new Shrub Frogs from Sri Lanka

Pseudophilautus hankeni & P. schneideri

Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2011

Abstract

Two new species of Sri Lankan shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus are described. These species are diagnosed from their congeners on the basis of morphology, morphometrics and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Pseudophilautus schneideri, new species, is distinguished from all Sri Lankan Pseudophilautus by its small size (< 22.8 mm SVL), distinct tympanum and supratympanic fold, sharp canthal edges, granular throat, chest and belly, and absence or presence of a vomerine ridge. Pseudophilautus hankeni, new species, is distinguished by its diminutive size (< 21.9 mm SVL), distinct tympanum, rounded canthal edges, tuberculated outer edge of lower arm, tuberculated dermal fold on outer edge of foot, granular throat, chest and belly, and the absence of a vomerine ridge. Pseudophilautus schneideri inhabits shrubs in open areas of the low to mid-elevations of the island’s south-western ‘wet zone’ (rainfall > 2,000 mm/yr), including anthropogenic habitats, while P. hankeni is found on shrubs in the understorey of montane forests of the highest peaks (c. 1,200–1,600 m elevation) of the Knuckles region. These descriptions bring the total number of valid species of Sri Lankan Pseudophilautus to 67, 48 of which are extant.

Key words: Rhacophorinae, taxonomy, molecular systematics, Knuckles Hills, conservation

Pseudophilautus schneideri Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2011

Type locality: Sri-Lanka

Pseudophilautus hankeni Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2011

Type locality: Sri-Lanka

FIGURE 7. Distribution of Pseudophilautus schneideri, n. sp. (circles)

and Pseudophilautus hankeni, n. sp., (squares), in Sri Lanka

References:

Meegaskumbura, M. & Manamendra-Arachchi, K. 2011: Two new species of shrub frogs (Rhacophoridae: Pseudophilautus) from Sri Lanka. Zootaxa, 2747: 1–18. Preview | Meegaskumbura&Manamendra TwoNew2011.pdf

[Herpetology • 2009] Pseudophilautus tanu & P. singu (Philautus) • new Shrub Frog from the Lowlands of Sri Lanka

Pseudophilautus singu

Etymology. The species name is Sinhala for ‘horn,’an allusion to the horn-like tubercles on the uppereyelids of this frog; applied as a noun in apposition

Abstract

Two new species of Sri Lankan frogs of the genus Philautus are described. Species diagnoses are based on morphology, morphometrics and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Philautus tanu sp. nov. inhabits shrubs in open areas of the lowland wet zone, while P. singu sp. nov. is found on shrubs in the understory of lowland and mid-elevation rainforests. These descriptions bring the total number of valid Sri Lankan Philautus to 65 species, of which 46 are extant.

Key words: Rhacophorinae, taxonomy, molecular systematics, new species, conservation

*this 2 new species firstly designed as Philautus until they has been transfer into Pseudophilautus (Li, et al, 2009)

Sri Lanka Petite Shrub-frog • Pseudophilautus tanu

Etymology. The species name is Sinhala for ‘slender,’ a reference to the habitus of P. tanu; applied as anoun in apposition

FIGURE 7. South-western Sri Lanka, showing the distribution of Philautus singu (squares) and P. tanu (circles), and place-names cited in the text.

Meegaskumbura, M., Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyagoda, R. 2009. Two new species of shrub frogs (Rhacophoridae: Philautus) from the lowlands of Sri Lanka, Zootaxa, 2122, 51–68.: http://www.lakdasun.org/forum/doc_base/Two_NewSp_Zootaxa_2009(608).pdf

Two new species of shrub frogs (Rhacophoridae: Philautus) from the lowlands of Sri Lanka: http://www.lakdasun.org/forum/index.php?topic=608.0

Leaf-nesting Shrub Frog (Philautus femoralis)

49 Ferguson's Shrub Frog (Philautus fergusonianus)

51 Frankenberg's Shrub Frog (Philautus frankenbergi)

53 Halliday's Shrub Frog (Philautus hallidayi)

54 Pattipola Shrub Frog (Philautus halyi)

55 Hoffman's Shrub Frog (Philautus hoffmanii)

57 Webless Shrub Frog (Philautus hypomelas)

58 White-nosed Shrub Frog (Philautus leucorhinus)

61 Bigfoot Shrub Frog (Philautus macrophus)

65 Mittermeier's Shrub Frog (Philautus mittermeieri)

66 Moore's Shrub Frog (Philautus mooreorum)

68 Pointed-snouted Shrub Frog (Philautus nasutus)

69 Whistling Shrub Frog (Philautus nemus)

71 Sharp-snouted Shrub Frog (Philautus oxyrh

75 Poppy's Shrub Frog (Philautus poppiae)

79 Reticulated-thigh Shrub Frog (Philautus reticulatus)

80 Farnland Shrub Frog (Philautus rugatus)

82 Muller's Shrub Frog (Philautus sarasinorum)

83 Schmarda's Shrub Frog (Philautus schmarda)

84 Annandale's Shrub Frog (Philautus semirubber)

| Pseudophilautus

[Herpetology • 2009] Philautus davidlabangi | Matang Bush Frog • from the Lowland of Sarawak, Western Borneo

Matang Bush Frog • Philautus davidlabangi Matsui, 2009

Abstract

A new species in the rhacophorid genus Philautus is described on the basis of five male specimens collected from the Matang Range, a herpetologically well-surveyed area of the lowland of Sarawak, western Borneo. The species possesses a cutaneus pectoris muscle but lacks vomerine teeth, and is assigned to the aurifasciatus group of Philautus. It is superficially similar to some other species of the same group, but can be differentiated from them by a combination of several morphological characters, including lack of a nuptial pad and lingual papilla, and more significantly, by a distinct advertisement call. This discovery underscores the immediate necessity for detailed surveys in the already well-explored lowlands of Borneo.

Keywords: acoustics, taxonomy, systematics, Borneo, Southeast Asia

Holotype: Philautus davidlabangi

Type locality: "Gunung Serapi, Matang Range, in the suburbs of Kuching, Sarawak (01°36′ N, 110°11′ E, alt. 330 m a.s.l.)", Malaysia.

Holotype: KUHE 19594.

References:

Matsui, M. 2009: A New Species of Philautus (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae) from the Lowland of Sarawak, Western Borneo. Zoological Science. 26: 437-442. doi: 10.2108/zsj.26.437

Philautus davidlabangi from frogsofborneo.org

[Herpetology • 2008] Gracixalus (Philautus) quyeti | Rough-coated Bush Frog • from the Truong Son Range, central Vietnam

Gracixalus (Philautus) quyeti

(Nguyen, Hendrix, Boehme, Vu & Ziegler, 2008)

Abstract

We describe a new species of the rhacophorid genus Philautus from the Truong Son, based on two voucher specimens from montane evergreen and karst forests within Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam. Philautus quyeti sp. n. is distinguished from all other small-sized rhacophorid treefrogs with reduced finger webbing by the combination of the following characters: size relatively small; head longer than wide; vomerine teeth absent; tympanum distinct, rounded, wider than disc of finger III; supratympanic fold indistinct; dermal fringe along outer side of forearm, tibia, tarsus and toe IV absent; skin not lumpy or spinulous, dorsal head, back and upper part of flank rough with small sharp tubercles; dark brown pattern forming an inverse Y, notably a triangular spot between eyes that is separated into two bands that continue posteriorly on the back; throat and margin of throat and chest yellow white with brown marbling.

Key words: Rhacophoridae, Philautus quyeti sp. n.; taxonomy; Quang Binh Province, Truong Son, central Vietnam

Type locality: "Nuoc Rung area, Dan Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District, Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam (17°47′ N; 105°41quyeti E, altitude: 1,100 m a.s.l.)".

Holotype: ZFMK 82999.

Synonyms:

• Philautus quyeti Nguyen, Hendrix, Böhme, Vu, and Ziegler, 2008

• Gracixalus quyeti — Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009

References:

Nguyen, Q.T.; Hendrix, R.; Böhme, W.; Vu, N.T.; Ziegler, T. 2008: A new species of the genus Philautus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Truong Son Range, Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam. Zootaxa, 1925: 1-13. Abstract
https://www.academia.edu/18703435/A_new_species_of_the_genus_Philautus_Amphibia_Anura_Rhacophoridae_from_the_Truong_Son_Range_Quang_Binh_Province_central_Vietnam

Li, J.-t., J. Che, R. W. Murphy, H. Zhao, E.-m. Zhao, D.-q. Rao & Y.-p. Zhang. 2009: New insights to the molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura) based on five nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, with comments on the evolution of reproduction. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53: 509-522.

News:

Bird-Eating Fanged Frog One of 163 New Species Found in Greater Mekong in Past Year: http://laoverview.com/163-new-species-found-in-greater-mekong-in-2008

Vietnam wild natures in focus: http://vncreatures.net/nnatures1.php

[Herpetology • 2007] Raorchestes (Philautus) ochlandrae • Rhacophoridae from southern Western Ghats, India

Raorchestes (Philautus) ochlandrae sp. nov. Holotype in life

on Ochlandra setigera reeds (SVL = 25.6 mm)

Raorchestes ochlandrae

(Gururaja, Dinesh, Palot, Radhakrishnan & Ramachandra, 2007)

Abstract

A new species of the oriental shrub frog genus Philautus is described from Kakkayam Reserve Forest of Calicut district, Kerala state, in the southern Western Ghats. This species is distinguished from congeners by the combination of characters such as body small, elongate, squat and flat; head arched, wider than long; snout short rounded, equal or sub equal to diameter of eye; canthus rostralis rounded; tympanum indistinct but visible; eyes protruding, pupil with striking golden yellow dentition like marks; belly granular; vocal sac unpigmented; fleshy brown to cream yellow dorsum with two distinct golden yellow lateral bands bordered by dark brown from upper eyelid to the posterior part of flanks. A description of the advertisement calls and ecology and natural history notes are also provided for the new species which so far is only known from the type locality.

Key words: Philautus ochlandrae sp.nov., shrub frogs, Western Ghats, Ochlandra setigera Gamble, advertisement calls

Type locality: "Kakkayam Reserve Forest, Calicut District, Kerala State,... (11°33´16 N, 75°55´12 E, altitude 745 m above mean sea level)".

Holotype: ZSI-WGFRS V/A 632.

Synonyms:

Philautus ochlandrae — Gururaja, Dinesh, Palot, Radhakrishnan & Ramachandra, 2007

Raorchestes ochlandrae — Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta & Bossuyt, 2010

References:

Gururaja K.V., Dinesh K.P., Palot M.J., Radhakrishnan C. & Ramachandra T.V. 2007. A new species of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa, 1621: 1-16. PDF: http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/water/paper/pc-z016/TVR05_P6_z01621p016p519%5B1%5D.pdf

[Herpetology • 2007] ปาดแคระนิลเนตร | Philautus neelanethrus • ‘blue eye’ Shrub Frog from the Central Western Ghats of India

Philautus neelanethrus sp.nov. amplected pair

Philautus neelanethrus

Gururaja, Aravind, Ali, Ramachandra, Velavan, Krishnakumar & Aggarwal, 2007

Abstract

Tropical evergreen forests of Indian subcontinent, especially of the Western Ghats, are known hot spots of amphibian diversity, where many new anuran species await to be identified. Here we describe from the Sharavathi River basin of central Western Ghats a new shrub-frog taxon related to the anuran family Rhacophoridae. The new frog possesses the characteristic features of rhacophorids (dilated digit tips with differentiated pads circumscribed by a complete groove, intercalary cartilages on digits, T-shaped terminal phalanges and granular belly, the adaptive characters for arboreal life forms), but also a suite of unique features that distinguish it from all known congeners in the region. Morphogenetic analysis based on morphological characteristics and diversity in the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes revealed it to be a new Philautus species that we named Philautus neelanethrus sp. nov. The phylogenetic analysis suggests the new frog to represent a relatively early Philautus species lineage recorded from the region. The distribution pattern of the species suggests its importance as a bioindicator of habitat health. In general, this relatively widespread species was found distributed only in non-overlapping small stretches, which indirectly indicates the fragmentation of the evergreen to moist deciduous forests that characterize the Western Ghats. Thus the discovery of the new rhacophorid species described here not only further reinforces the significance of the Western Ghats as a major hotspot of amphibian biodiversity, but also brings into focus the deterioration of forest habitats in the region and the need for prioritization of their conservation.

Key words: amphibian biodiversity, conservation, shrub frog, Western Ghats, habitat, rDNA diversity

Philautus neelanethrus sp.nov. Male while calling

Etymology: The species name neelanethrus is derivedfrom Sanskrit meaning ‘blue eye’, and is a nominative singular noun standing in apposition to the generic name

Type locality: "Arodi, Sagar Taluk, Shimoga District, Karnataka state (14° 08´ 25 N, 74° 47´ 44E), 534 m asl (meters above sea level), a moist deciduous forest patch", India.

Holotype: BNHS 4510.

Fig. 1. Sharavathi River basin and the type localities of the new Philautus species.

Fig. 2. Characteristic features of P. neelanethrus sp.nov. (a) Male while calling (SVL 29.8 mm, collected from the Nandiholé locality); (b) amplected pair (specimens not collected); (c) ventral view of forelimb; (d) ventral view of hindlimb; (e) dorsolateral view of an adult male.

Gururaja, Aravind, Ali, Ramachandra, Velavan, Krishnakumar, and Aggarwal, 2007. A New Frog Species from the Central Western Ghats of India, and Its Phylogenetic Position. Zoological Science (Zool. Sci.), 24: 525- 534. DOI: 10.2108/zsj.24.52

Saturday, July 2, 2011

[Herpetology • 2007] Pseudophilautus maia & P. pardus (firstly: Philautus) • New amongst Sri Lanka's extinct Frogs

Pseudophilautus maia

(Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi, Schneider & Pethiyagoda, 2007)

Synonyms of Pseudophilautus macropus (Günther, 1869)

Type locality: "Poojagodde (Poojagoda) Estate, Ramboda, Sri Lanka".

Holotype: BM 76.3.21.19

Synonyms:

• Philautus maia Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi, Schneider, and Pethiyagoda, 2007

• Pseudophilautus macropus — Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009

Pseudophilautus pardus

(Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi, Schneider & Pethiyagoda, 2007)

Type locality: "Sri Lanka".

Holotype: BM 1947.2.7.96.

Synonyms:

• Philautus pardus Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi, Schneider, and Pethiyagoda, 2007

• Pseudophilautus pardus — Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009

References:

Meegaskumbura, M., K. Manamendra-Arachchi, C. J. Schneider & R. Pethiyagoda. 2007: New species amongst Sri Lanka's extinct shrub frogs (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae: Philautus). Zootaxa, 1397: 1-15.: http://Meegaskumbura-etal-2007_Zootaxa-2.pdf

Li, J.-t., J. Che, R. W. Murphy, H. Zhao, E.-m. Zhao, D.-q. Rao & Y.-p. Zhang. 2009: New insights to the molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura) based on five nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, with comments on the evolution of reproduction. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53: 509-522.

Friday, July 1, 2011

[Herpetology • 2005] 8 new Pseudophilautus (firstly: Philautus) • Sri Lankan Shrub Frogs (Rhacophorinae)

*this 8 new species firstly designed as Philautus until 2009 they has been transfer into Pseudophilautus (Li, et al, 2009)

Description of eight new species of shrub frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus) from Sri Lanka

ABSTRACT. – Eight new species of Sri Lankan frogs of the genus Philautus are described (P. mooreorum, P. poppiae, P. hoffmanni, P. mittermeieri, P. frankenbergi, P. hallidayi, P. steineri and P. stuarti (Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005)). The species are diagnosed on the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequence, morphological features and, in two cases, bioacoustics data. Six of the eight species are confined to high elevation cloud forest isolates on the three main mountain ranges of central Sri Lanka. Because of their limited geographic distribution and small extent of remaining habitat, these species are classified as Endangered under the IUCN Red List criteria. These descriptions bring the total number of Sri Lankan Philautus to 61 species, 44 of which are extant.

KEY WORDS. – Rhacophoridae, taxonomy, montane, bioacoustics, evolutionary lineage, conservation

• Moore's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus mooreorum

• Poppy's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus poppiae

• Haffman's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus hoffmanni

• Mittermeier's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus mittermeieri

• Frankenberg's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus frankenbergi

• Holliday's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus hallidayi

• Steiner's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus steineri

• Stuart's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus stuarti

Meegaskumbura M. & Manamendra-Arachchi K. (2005) Description of eight new species of shrub frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus) from Sri Lanka. In: Yeo, C. J., Ng, P. K. L. & Pethiyagoda, R. (Ed.), Contributions to biodiversity exploration and research in Sri Lanka. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 12, 305–338.: PDF | http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz305-338.pdf

[Herpetology • 2005] 27 new Pseudophilautus (firstly: Philautus) • Sri Lankan Shrub Frogs (Rhacophorinae)

*this 25 new species firstly designed as Philautus until 2009 they has been transfer into Pseudophilautus (Li, et al, 2009)

Abstract

All 30 nominal species assigned to the shrub-frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura: Ranidae: Rhacophorinae) in Sri Lanka are reviewed, and their name-bearing types redescribed. Twenty-seven new species of Philautus endemic to Sri Lanka are described, together with diagnoses and illustrations, and a key provided to all valid species in the island. As presently understood, the genus Philautus in Sri Lanka contains 57 nominal species, of which 52 are valid, four are junior subjective synonyms and one is incerte sedis. A conservation assessment using the IUCN’s global Red List criteria shows that 17 species are Extinct; seven Critically Endangered; 19 Endangered; one Vulnerable; four Near Threatened; four Least Concern; and one data deficient. The extant new species described here are a part of those discovered in an amphibian survey of Sri Lanka from 1993–2003, selected for reasons of conservation priority, distribution, the availability of molecular data and colour photographs in life. A neotype is designated for Polypedates schmarda Kelaart, 1854; and lectotypes designated for Ixalus temporalis Günther, 1864; Ixalus oxyrhynchus Günther, 1872; and Ixalus hypomelas Günther, 1876.

Keywords: Taxonomy, Sri Lanka, Rhacophoridae, Philautus, new species, conservation.

Checklist:

• Hortons Plains Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus alto

• Asankas's Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus askankai

• Golden Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus auratus

• Blue Thigh Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus caeruleus

• Hollow-snouted Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus cavirostris

• Sharp-snouted Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus cuspis

• Elegant Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus decoris

• Blunt-snouted Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus extirpo (extinct)

• Leaf Dwelling Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus folicola

• Knuckles Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus fulvus

• Anthropogenic Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus hoipolloi

• Haycock Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus limbus

• Handapan Ella Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus lunatus

• Southern Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus nanus

• Golden-eyed Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus ocularis

• Papillated Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus papillosus

• Common Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus popularis

• Cheeky Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus procax

• Polonnaruwa Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus regius

• Kandian Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus rus

• Pug-nosed Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus silus

• Forest Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus silvaticus

• Sinharaja Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus simba

• Grubby Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus sordidus

• Dull-green Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus viridis

• White Blotched? Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus zal

• Gannoruwa Shrub Frog | Pseudophilautus zorro

Pseudophilautus procax (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)

Type locality: "Morningside Forest Reserve (near Rakwana), alt. 1060 m (06° 24´ N, 80° 38´ E)", Sri Lanka.Holotype: WHT 3279.

Synonyms:

• Philautus procax Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005

• Pseudophilautus procax — Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao & Zhang, 2009

http://www.jetwingeco.com/uploadimages/File/Checklist_of_Amphibians_of_Sri_Lanka.pdf

Molecular systematics, evolution, and ecology of Sri Lankan shrub-frogs (Rhacophorinae: Pseudophilautus)

by Meegaskumbura, Madhava, PhD, BOSTON UNIVERSITY, 2007: http://gradworks.umi.com/32/59/3259857.html

Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyagoda, R. (2005) The Sri Lankan shrub frogs of the genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae), with description of 27 new species. In: Yeo, C. J., Ng, P. K. L. & Pethiyagoda, R. (Ed.),Contributions to biodiversity exploration and research in Sri Lanka. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 12,163–303.: http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz163-303.pdf

Meegaskumbura, M., F. Bossuyt, R. Pethiyagoda, K. Manamendra-Ararchchi, M. Bahir, M. C. Milinkovitch & Schneider, C. J. (2002) Sri Lanka: an amphibian hotspot. Science, 298, 379. : DOI: 10.1126/science.298.5592.379

Meegaskumbura M. & Manamendra-Arachchi K. (2005) Description of eight new species of shrub frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus) from Sri Lanka. In: Yeo, C. J., Ng, P. K. L. & Pethiyagoda, R. (Ed.), Contributions to biodiversity exploration and research in Sri Lanka. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 12, 305–338.:PDF | http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz305-338.pdf

[Herpetology • 2002] Philautus cardamonus • Cardamom Bush Frog (Rhacophoridae) from the Cardamom Mountains,southwestern Cambodia

Philautus cardamonus Ohler, Swan & Daltry, 2002

Type locality: "Phnom Samkos in the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Pursat Province, Southwest Cambodia (UTM 1343841N 0287890E).... in evergreen forest at an altitude of 1,650 m a.m.s.l.".

Holotype: BM 2000.0149.

References:

Ohler, A., S. R. Swan, and J. C. Daltry. 2002. A recent survey of the amphibian fauna of the Cardamom Mountains, southwest Cambodia with descriptions of three new species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Raffles Bull. Zool.). 50:465–481.: http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/50/50rbz465-481.pdf

[Herpetology • 2000] Philautus erythrophthalmus • Red-eyed Bush Frog (Rhacophoridae) from southwestern Sabah, Malaysia

Philautus erythrophthalmus Stuebing & Wong, 2000

a species of frog in the Rhacophoridae family. It is endemic to Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Type locality: "Mt. Muruk Mio, Sipitang District, Sabah (FPS: 4° 22.715´ N, 115° 50.125´ E)", Malaysia.

Holotype: SMM AMP 2521.

Philautus erythrophthalmus

Locality: Sarawak, Malaysia

Description: A tiny bush frog calls from its perch in the Bornean rainforest.

http://www.wildborneo.com.my/photo.php?f=cld09082290.jpg

References:

Stuebing and Wong, 2000. a new species of frog, Philautus erythrophthalmus (Rhacophoridae) from southwestern Sabah, Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool. 48: 294.: http://www.fmnh.org/research_collections/zoology/pdf/Stuebing_Wong_2000.pdf

[Herpetology • 1997] Philautus sanctisilvaticus • Sacred Grove Bush Frog (Rhacophoridae) from Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, central India

Sacred Grove Bush Frog

Philautus sanctisilvaticus Das & Chanda, 1997

Familia: Rhacophoridae

Subfamilia: Rhacophorinae

Genus: Philautus

Species: Philautus sanctisilvaticus sp. nov.

Name: Sacred Grove Bush Frog Philautus sanctisilvaticus Das & Chanda, 1997

Type locality: "Kapildhara Falls, Amarkantak (23° 10´ N; 81° 70´ E), ca. 190 km SE Jabalpur City, Shahdol, Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, central India."Holotype: ZSIC A1778.

Synonyms:

• Philautus sanctisilvaticus Das & Chanda, 1997

• Philautus sanctipalustris Das & Chanda, 1997

• Philautus (Philautus) sanctisilvaticus — Bossuyt & Dubois, 2001

*Philautus sanctipalustris is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Philautus sanctisilvaticus according to Bossuyt and Dubois (2001).

Sacred Grove Bush frog (Philautus sanctisilvaticus)

Found: Known only to occur in Kapildhara Falls, Amarkantak, Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh.

Threats: Habitat loss due to harvesting of wood for subsistence purposes, infrastructure development for tourism, and occurance of fires are the major threats to this species.

http://www.tehelka.com/story_main49.asp?filename=Ws10311endangered.asp

http://zsi.gov.in/right_menu/Annual%20Meeting%202011-12/HQ/Amphibia.pdf

Das, I. and Chanda, S.K. 1997. Philautus sanctisilvaticus (Anura: Rhacophoridae), a new frog from the sacred groves of Amarkantak, central India. Hamadryad: 21-27.

Philautus sanctisilvaticus listed as Critically Endangered - CR :

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

[Herpetology • 1996] Philautus refugii • Western Lowland Bush Frog (Rhacophoridae) from Malaysia's Borneo

Philautus refugii Inger & Stuebing, 1996

Philautus refugii is a species of frog in the Rhacophoridae family. It is found in Malaysia and possibly Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.