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| Glandirana reliquia Shimada, Matsui, Ogata et Miura, in Shimada, Matsui, Ogata, ... et Eto, 2022. |
Abstract
Glandirana rugosa is known to include several geographic groups differing in sex chromosomes, and has been proven to be paraphyletic in mitochondrial phylogeny with respect to G. susurra. By analyzing genetic and morphological variation in a large number of individuals of Glandirana, we studied their taxonomic relationships. A mitochondrial DNA phylogeny, with the G. tientaiensis as outgroup, revealed two major lineages containing respectively (1) the East group of G. rugosa, G. susurra, and the Central and Southeast-Kyushu groups of G. rugosa; and (2) G. emeljanovi, and the North and West groups of G. rugosa. In contrast, in a nuclear DNA phylogeny based on SNP data, lineages of (1) G. susurra and East group, and (2) the remaining groups of G. rugosa and G. emeljanovi, were split, indicating a distinct status of the East group among G. rugosa. In adult morphology, there were only minor differences between the East group and the remaining groups of G. rugosa, but in larvae, the East group had significantly more sparse skin glands than the others. The exact type locality of G. rugosa is most probably in western Japan, not including the range of the East group. From these results, we describe the East group as a new species, Glandirana reliquia, distinct from the remaining groups of G. rugosa. The new species with sexually homomorphic chromosomes is thought to represent a basic stock of Japanese Glandirana, which existed far before G. rugosa originated.
Keywords: Amphibia, Eastern Japan, Glandirana rugosa, larval ventral glands, Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny, Nuclear DNA phylogeny
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| Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the whole body and ventral view of left hand (C) and foot (D) of the male holotype of Glandirana reliquia sp. nov. (KUHE 64088). Scale bar = 20 mm (A, B);5 mm (C, D). A lateral view of a nearly topotypic male in life (AUEZ 0843: Kamogawa City, Chiba Prefecture) is shown as well (E). |
Glandirana reliquia Shimada, Matsui, Ogata et Miura sp. nov.
(English name: Proto wrinkled frog)
(Japanese name: Mukashi-Tsuchi-gaeru ムカシツチガエル )
Diagnosis. A moderate-sized species of the genus Glandirana, with adult SVL 31–54 mm in females and 29–43 mm in males. From G. rugosa, this new species is differentiated morphologically in only in several morphometric characters relative to SVL in metamorphs, but is fairly different in development of larval skin glands, and definitely differs from them in nuclear genome characters. It differs from G. susurra and G. emeljanovi, in ratios of morphometric characters and ventral coloration, from G. tientaiensis by less flat dorsal ridges and more granulated ventral skin, and from G. minima by larger body and much well developed toe webbing. Diploid chromosomes are homomorphic, i.e., not sexually dimorphic unlike most of G. rugosa.
Etymology. The specific epithet is from a Latin noun denoting relic, alluding to the facts that the species represents a basic stock of Japanese Glandirana existing far before the western G. rugosa was derived and leaves a part of its own genome within the heteromorphic sex chromosomes of G. rugosa (Miura et al. 1998; Miura 2007; Mawaribuchi et al. 2016).
Tomohiko Shimada, Masafumi Matsui, Mitsuaki Ogata, Ikuo Miura, Mai Tange, Mi-Sook Min and Koshiro Eto. 2022. Genetic and Morphological Variation Analyses of Glandirana rugosa with Description of A New Species (Anura, Ranidae). Zootaxa. 5174(1); 25-45. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.2
新種・ムカシツチガエルを発見
