[Entomology • 2026] Paragomphus matroka • A New Hooktail Species (Odonata: Gomphidae) from the Rainforests of eastern Madagascar

 

Paragomphus matroka

Bedjanič, Bernard, Daraż & Yu, 2026  

 

DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5821.2.4

Abstract  

Paragomphus matroka sp. nov. (holotype ♂: Madagascar, Taolagnaro District, Iaboakoho, Réserve de Ressources Naturelles de la Forêt Naturelle de Tsitongambarika, Ampasy; Lat. -24.57840°, Lon. 47.14493°; 4.xii.2024; to be deposited in RMNH, Leiden), is described as new to science. The new endemic species is known only from the holotype, the paratype deposited in the MNHN, Paris, and an additional specimen deposited in NHRS, Stockholm. It has been recorded from three localities in the eastern part of the island, scattered over a distance of 1,033 km, within the Madagascar Humid Forests ecoregion. Despite the pronounced variation in the colour pattern, the three known specimens are interpreted as conspecific based on concordant diagnostic morphological characters, particularly the nearly identical structure of the secondary genitalia and cerci. The new species is related to P. fritillarius (Selys, 1892) and P. sofiae Bernard & Daraż, 2026. From these two more brightly coloured, spotted Hooktail species, P. matroka sp. nov. differs in its considerably darker colouration, a reduced pattern of smaller light markings on the synthorax, and clearly different secondary genitalia. The discovery of a new species underlines the need for additional intensive odonatological studies in Madagascar. Improving knowledge of species distributions, taxonomy, phenology and ecological requirements is crucial, especially in the context of threat assessments and conservation of endemic odonate fauna. 

Odonata, dragonflies, Anisoptera, endemic, new species, Paragomphus fritillarius, taxonomy, biogeography, Malagasy Region 

 

Male of Paragomphus matroka sp. nov. (holotype, type locality); 
(a) habitus in lateral view; (b) synthorax in lateral view; (c) secondary genitalia and part of proximal portion of hind wing with anal triangle and tornus; (d) head in dorsofrontal view; (e) penis in lateral view, subsequently expanded; (f) caudal appendages in lateral view; (g) S7–10 and caudal appendages in ventral view; (h) S7–10 and caudal appendages in dorsal view.

Photographs by Kuang-Ping Yu & Matjaž Bedjanič. 

Paragomphus matroka sp. nov., male (paratype, MNHN Paris; Moramanga District, central-eastern Madagascar).
 (a) habitus in dorsal view and labels; (b) head, thorax and anterior part of abdomen (S1–4) in lateral view; (c), (d), and (e) S10 and caudal appendages in dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively; (f) secondary genitalia in lateral view, with penis partly exposed; (g) secondary genitalia in ventral view; (h) secondary genitalia in lateroventral view to show hook of the posterior hamule hidden behind its outline. 

Photographs by Bogusław Daraż.

Paragomphus matroka sp. nov., male holotype, colouration in life:
 (a) dorsolateral view; (b) frontolateral view (Right tributary of the ampasy River 700 m NW of ampasy Research Station, tsitongambarika, anosy Region, southeastern Madagascar; 4.xii.2024).

Photographs by Matjaž Bedjanič. 

Paragomphus matroka sp. nov. 

Common name (en): Dark Hooktail  

 Nom commun (fr): Paragomphe sombre

Differential diagnosis. Paragomphus matroka is a large, dark endemic representative of the genus, belonging to a group of two additional endemic Madagascan species with a “spotted” thorax—P. fritillarius and P. sofiae—which closely resemble each other and are characterized by brighter, predominantly yellow-and-black colouration.

The new species remotely resembles P. fritillarius in the pattern of yellow spots on the synthorax and abdomen, the reddish-brown terminal abdominal segments, and the general shape of the cerci. However, it is readily distinguished by its overall darker colouration and the unique morphology of the hamules. the most significant colouration differences occur on the face, which is predominantly brown in P. matroka, versus interspersed yellow and black in P. fritillarius, and on the dark brown synthorax sides, where the yellow spots within the mesepimeral and metepimeral stripes are distinctly ...

Etymology. the species epithet is to be treated as a noun in apposition. it is derived from the Malagasy word “matroka”, meaning “dark-coloured” and it refers to the relatively dark colouration of the new species in comparison to its congeners.

Matjaž BEDJANIČ, Rafał BERNARD, Bogusław DARAŻ and Kuang-Ping YU. 2026. Paragomphus matroka sp. nov.—A New Hooktail Species from the Rainforests of eastern Madagascar (Odonata: Gomphidae).  Zootaxa. 5821(2); 219-235. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5821.2.4 [2026-05-29]

[Herpetology • 2026] Ingerana aizawl • Leaping from a University Campus to the Scientific Records: A New Species of Ingerana Dubois, 1987 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Mizoram, India

Ingerana aizawl

Lalremsanga, Bharali, Dawngliana, Hlychho, Malsawmtluanga, Bhattacharjee, Hazarika, Das & Purkayastha, 2026

 

DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5878.2.3

 

Abstract

Populations of Ingerana Dubois (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India, have historically been assigned to Ingerana borealis (Annandale), however recent taxonomic reassessment questioned their identity. We evaluated these populations using an integrative approach combining external morphology and mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses recovered the Mizoram population as a distinct lineage within Ingerana, while morphological comparisons revealed multiple diagnostic differences from recognised congeners. Based on these data, we recognise the Mizoram population as a distinct species. It differs from I. borealis, I. occidens, and I. tenasserimensis by a unique combination of body size, tympanic morphology, dorsal skin texture, and proportional morphometric characters. Our findings resolve the taxonomic identity of Ingerana populations from Mizoram and suggest that species diversity within the genus in northeastern India remains underestimated.

Amphibia, 16S rRNA, Aizawl, new species, northeastern India

Ingerana aizawl

HMAR TLAWMTE LALREMSANGA, MANMATH BHARALI, MALSAWM DAWNGLIANA, MARA DUASA HLYCHHO, MALSAWMTLUANGA, RUPANKAR BHATTACHARJEE, ARUP KUMAR HAZARIKA, NILUTPAL DAS and JAYADITYA PURKAYASTHA. 2026. Leaping from a University Campus to the Scientific Records: A New Species of Ingerana Dubois, 1987 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Mizoram, India.  Zootaxa. 5878(2); 224-236. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5878.2.3 [2026-09-14]

[Herpetology • 2026] Indotyphlops gyirongensis • A New Species of blind snake, Indotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae), from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

 

Indotyphlops gyirongensis

Lyu, Tan, Zhao, Wallach, Liu & Guo, 2026

吉隆盲蛇  | DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1292.197322

Abstract

Typhlopidae is the most species-rich and broadly distributed family of blind snakes. Due to their secretive habits, fossorial lifestyle, and conserved morphology, the taxonomy and systematics of this group remain poorly understood. Here, a new species of blind snake is described from Xizang, China, based on morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species is genetically divergent from its closest relatives with an uncorrected CO1 p-distance exceeding 18.3%. Morphologically, it can be diagnosed by a combination of the following characters: 1) large size with 265 mm total length, 2) supralabial imbrication pattern T-V, 3) midbody scales in 18 rows, 4) total middorsal scales 432, 5) subcaudals 17, 6) infralabials 2, 7) absence of a terminal tail spine, and 8) light-colored head cap. Currently, the new species is known only from Xizang, China, but it likely occurs in adjacent regions in Nepal.

Key words: Blind snake, morphology, new species, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, taxonomy, Typhlopidae

General (top) and ventral (below) views of the holotype of Indotyphlops gyirongensis sp. nov. in life  

photos by Peng Guo

Holotype of Indotyphlops gyirongensis sp. nov. in preservative.
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the body, dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views of head, and ventral view of tail (E)

photos by Peng Guo

Indotyphlops gyirongensis sp. nov.

Diagnosis. A blind snake distinguished from congeners by a combination of characters: 1) large size with 265 mm in total length, 2) SIP T-V, 3) midbody scales in 18 rows, 4) total middorsal scales 432, 5) subcaudals 17, 6) infralabials 2, 7) absence of a terminal tail spine, and 8) light-colored head cap.

Etymology. The specific epithet Gyirong is a noun in apposition, referring to the type locality, Gyirong Town, Gyirong County, Xizang, China. We suggest the English common name “Gyirong blind snake” and the Chinese common name “吉隆盲蛇” (Jílóng Mángshé) for this new species.

 Bing Lyu, Songwen Tan, Zhichao Zhao, Van Wallach, Qin Liu and Peng Guo. 2026. A New Species of blind snake, Indotyphlops (Serpentes, Typhlopidae), from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. ZooKeys. 1292: 261-273. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1292.197322 [17-09-2026]

[Herpetology • 2026] Boulenophrys tianlinensis • A New Species of the Genus Boulenophrys (Anura: Megophryidae) from western Guangxi, China

Boulenophrys tianlinensis 

Liu, Cheng, Shen, Feng, Mu, Zhou, Wei & Li, 2026

 

DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zse.102.193995

Abstract

During an amphibian biodiversity survey conducted in Tianlin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, a new species belonging to the genus Boulenophrys was identified and described as Boulenophrys tianlinensis sp. nov. This new species shares the closest genetic affinity with B. anlongensis (Li, Lu, Liu & Wang, 2020). Integrative taxonomic analyses, combining morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic data, confirm its status as a distinct species. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characteristics: (1) medium body size, with snout-vent length (SVL) 34.3–39.0 mm in seven adult males and 47.1 mm in a single adult female specimen; (2) upper eyelid margin bearing one small horn-shaped tubercle on each side; (3) vomerine ridges present and vomerine teeth absent; (4) tongue not notched posterior; (5) tympanum rounded and clearly discernible; (6) toes with rudimentary webbing and lacking lateral fringes; (7) heels overlapping when thighs are held perpendicular to the body axis; (8) tibiotarsal articulation reaching the middle of the eye when the leg is stretched forwards; (9) males possessing a single subgular vocal sac; and (10) in breeding males, the nuptial pads have dark brown nuptial spines on the bases of the first and second fingers.

Key Words: Boulenophrys tianlinensis sp. nov., morphology, new species, phylogeny, taxonomy

Male holotype MT TL20230603004 of Boulenophrys tianlinensis sp. nov. in life.
A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Dorsal view of hand; D. Ventral view of hand; E. Ventral view of foot.
Male holotype CIB AL20190531018 of B. anlongensis in life; F. Dorsal view; G. Ventral view; H. Dorsal view of hand; I. Ventral view of hand; J. Ventral view of foot.

photos by Shize Li.

Colour variation in Boulenophrys tianlinensis sp. nov. in life: 

Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult;

[A] male MT TL20230603001; [B] male MT TL20230603003;
[C] male MT TL20230603005; [D] female MT TL20230603002.

photos by Shize Li.

Boulenophrys tianlinensis sp. nov.

Diagnosis.

Boulenophrys tianlinensis sp. nov. is assigned to the genus Boulenophrys, based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and the following generic diagnostic characters: head not enlarged and depressed; snout shield-like, projecting beyond the lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct; vomerine ridges present and vomerine teeth absent; temporal region short; transverse fold behind head absent; both sides of belly without seriate tubercles; chest glands small and round, closer to the axilla than to mid-ventral line; femoral glands on rear part of thigh; vertical pupils; and the presence of subarticular tubercles at the base of each finger; nuptial spines are present on the dorsal bases of fingers I and II in breeding males (Fei et al. 2016; Lyu et al. 2023).

Boulenophrys tianlinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) medium body size, with SVL 34.3–39.0 mm in seven adult males and 47.1 mm in a single adult female specimen; (2) upper eyelid margin bearing one small horn-shaped tubercle on each side; (3) vomerine ridges present and vomerine teeth absent; (4) tongue not notched posterior; (5) tympanum rounded and clearly discernible; (6) toes with rudimentary webbing and lacking lateral fringes; (7) heels overlapping when thighs are held perpendicular to the body axis; (8) tibiotarsal articulation reaching the middle of the eye when the leg stretched forwards; (9) males possessing a single subgular vocal sac; and (10) in breeding males, the nuptial pads have dark brown nuptial spines on the bases of the first and second fingers.

 Jing Liu, Yanlin Cheng, Tuo Shen, Chaobo Feng, Lang Mu, Junjian Zhou, Gang Wei and Shize Li. 2026. A New Species of the Genus Boulenophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from western Guangxi, China. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 102(5): 1139-1157. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zse.102.193995 [15 Sep 2026]

[Herpetology • 2020] Boulenophrys anlongensis • A New Species of Boulenophrys (Anura: Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China

 Boulenophrys anlongensis (Li, Lu, Liu & Wang, 2020)

Megophrys anlongensis Li, Lu, Liu & Wang, 2020

安龙角蟾  | DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.57119

Abstract

A new species of the genus Megophrys is described from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA indicated the new species as a clade clustered into the Megophrys clade. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size moderate (SVL 40.0–45.5 mm in males and 48.9–51.2 mm in females); vomerine teeth absent; tongue not notched behind; tympanum distinctly visible, oval; a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid; two metacarpal tubercles in hand; toes with rudimentary webbing; heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level of mid-eye when leg stretched forward; in breeding males, an internal single subgular vocal sac present and brownish nuptial pads, made up of black nuptial spines, present on the dorsal base of the first two fingers.

Keywords: Molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphology, new species, taxonomy

Photographs of the holotype CIBAL20190531018 of Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. in life
A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view of hand D ventral view of hand. E ventral view of foot.

Colour variation in Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. 
  male CIBAL20190531017: A dorsolateral view, B ventral view; 
 female CIBAL20190531022: C dorsolateral view, D ventral view;  
female CIBAL20190811014: E dorsolateral view, F ventral view. 

Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov.

  

Diagnosis: 

Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. is assigned to the genus Megophrys based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and the following generic diagnostic characters: snout shield-like, projecting beyond the lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct; chest glands small and round, closer to the axilla than to midventral line; femoral glands on rear part of thigh; vertical pupils.

Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) body size moderate (SVL 40.0–45.5 mm in males and 48.9–51.2 mm in females); (2) vomerine teeth absent; (3) tongue not notched behind; (4) a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid; (5) tympanum distinctly visible, oval; (6) two metacarpal tubercles on hand; (7) toes with rudimentary ...

Etymology: The specific name anlongensis refers to the known distribution of this species, Anlong County, Guizhou Province, China. We propose the common English name “Anlong horned toad”, and Chinese name “An Long Jiao Chan” (安龙角蟾).

 Shi-Ze Li, Ning-Ning Lu, Jing Liu and Bin Wang. 2020. Description of A New Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China. ZooKeys. 986: 101-126. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.57119 [Nov 2020]

[Paleontology • 2026] Sauropod teeth from the Khorat Group of Thailand suggest the Faunal Replacement of Sauropod Dinosaurs across the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous

Sauropod diversity interpretation throughout the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition of Thailand based on dental evidence in

A, the Late Jurassic (Tithonian); B, the Early Cretaceous (late Valanginian to Barremian), C, the late Early Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian). 

in Chowchuvech, Manitkoon, Chanthasit et Ketwetsuriya. 2026. 

DOI: doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2026.2710631 

  x.com/JobSaurusRex

Illustrations by Pakorn Chotchaiyaporn x.com/Peak4651

ABSTRACT

Sauropod teeth are among the most abundant vertebrate fossils recovered from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Khorat Group of Thailand. However, their taxonomic and palaeoecological significance has not previously been examined in detail. This research presents the first comprehensive taxonomic identification of isolated sauropod teeth from several localities across the Khorat Plateau in Northeastern and Eastern Thailand. Based on morphological analyses, these teeth were assigned to four distinct morphotypes. Additionally, multi-quantitative analyses revealed affinities with four sauropod clades: Mamenchisauridae, Brachiosauridae, Somphospondyli, and Dicraeosauridae. The taxonomic framework recovered in this study is consistent with the broader sauropod fossil record of the Khorat Group and reveals a marked faunal shift across the Jurassic–Cretaceous of Thailand. Mamenchisaurids appeared during the Late Jurassic to the earliest Cretaceous, whereas neosauropods, such as titanosauriforms and diplodocoids, became more prevalent during the Early Cretaceous. These findings suggest new evidence for a major sauropod faunal replacement event, likely driven by ecological changes affecting herbivorous dinosaurs during this crucial timeframe of the Mesozoic.

KEYWORDS: Sauropoda, Mamenchisauridae, Brachiosauridae, Somphospondyli, Diplodocoidea

Sauropod diversity interpretation throughout the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition of Thailand based on dental evidence in A, the Late Jurassic (Tithonian); B, the Early Cretaceous (late Valanginian to Barremian), C, the late Early Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian).

 Illustrations by Pakorn Chotchaiyaporn.

 

Wongwech Chowchuvech, Sita Manitkoon, Phornphen Chanthasit and Chatchalerm Ketwetsuriya. 2026. Sauropod teeth from the Khorat Group of Thailand suggest the Faunal Replacement of Sauropod Dinosaurs across the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. DOI: doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2026.2710631 [15 Sep 2026]

   x.com/JobSaurusRex/status/2100237729351221602

  x.com/Peak4651/status/2100259226346201579

[Botany • 2026] Gastrodia keyiensis (Orchidaceae: Gastrodieae) • A New holomycotrophic Species from Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya, India

  

Gastrodia keyiensis M.Khanal, D.Borah & Dev.Kumar, 

in Khanal, Borah, Sarkar, Gap, Rai et Kumar, 2026.

DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.773.3.7  

 facebook.com/DipuBORAH2

Abstract

Gastrodia keyiensis M.Khanal, D.Borah & Dev.Kumar sp. nov. is described from Keyi Panyor District, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. The new species is morphologically allied to G. putaoensis but differs in having a broadly obovate basal part of the labellum with 6–7 prominent longitudinally thickened structures, and a distinct, thick, strongly incurved, narrowly oblong-ligulate, yellow apical part that is minutely papillate, with the apex rounded to obtuse (vs. an elliptic basal part with 3–5 parallel thickened lines, and a narrower apical part densely covered with yellow hairs, with the apex obtuse and densely covered with red papillae). A detailed morphological description, diagnosis, photographic illustrations, notes on distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status, together with comparisons with morphologically allied species, are provided to facilitate its identification.

Monocots, Ghost orchid, Mycoheterotroph, New to Science, Orchid, Taxonomy

Gastrodia keyiensis M.Khanal, D.Borah & Dev.Kumar sp. nov.

MADHUSUDHAN KHANAL, DIPANKAR BORAH, SHUVADIP SARKAR, NEELAM GAP, SANTOSH KUMAR RAI and DEVENDRA KUMAR. 2026. Gastrodia keyiensis (Orchidaceae: Gastrodieae), A New holomycotrophic Species from Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya, India.  Phytotaxa. 773(3); 289-295. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.773.3.7 [2026-09-09]

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[Mollusca • 2026] Pagodapalaina euphrosyne • A New open-coiled Microsnail Species of the Genus Pagodapalaina (Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) from Thailand

Pagodapalaina euphrosyne Sutcharit,

 

in Sutcharit, Srisonchai, Maneewan, Jeratthitikul et Annate, 2026. 

หอยกระสวยจิ๋วคลายเกลียวยูโฟรซีน  |  DOI: doi.org/10.1556/1777.2026.00169  

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Abstract

A new species of Pagodapalaina from southern Thailand is described. Pagodapalaina euphrosyne Sutcharit, sp. nov. is characterised by a sinistral, elongate-fusiform shell with an open-coiled teleoconch, well-developed radial ribs restricted to the penultimate and last whorls, and the presence of the parietalis and columellaris. Unlike all other congeners, the detached teleoconch subsequently resumes regular coiling, with the last whorl becoming tightly reattached to the preceding whorl. This previously undocumented developmental pattern raises fundamental questions about current understanding of the developmental constraints governing shell coiling in terrestrial caenogastropods.

Keywords: limestone; endemic species; whorl detachment; ecophenotypic plasticity; micro-CT

A, approximate locations of the type locality of all Pagodapalaina species.
Numbers correspond to: 1) P. acme (Laidlaw, 1949) [= Diplommatina laemsonensis Boonmachai, Bergey & Nantarat, 2023]; 2) P. attenuata (Laidlaw, 1949); 3) P. carinaspinosa (Maassen, 2002); 4) P. diminuta (von Möllendorff, 1891); 5) Pagodapalaina euphrosyne sp. nov.; 6) P. gadutensis (Maassen, 2002); 7) P. hidagai (Panha, 1998a); 8) P. hortulanica Chen, 2025; 9) P. jirasaki (Panha, Kanchanasaka & Burch, 2002); 10) P. karoensis (Maassen, 2002); 11) P. krabiensis (Panha & Burch, 1998); 12) P. lenggongensis (Tomlin, 1941) [= Diplommatina lenggongensis nawawii Davison, 1995]; 13) P. parabates (Laidlaw, 1949); 14) P. pongrati (Panha, Kanchanasaka & Burch, 2002); 15) P. prakayangensis (Panha, 1998b); 16) P. sinistra (Tomlin, 1938) [= Diplommatina prakaiphetensis Boonmachai, Bergey & Nantarat, 2023]; 17.1) P. superba superba (Godwin-Austen & Nevill, 1879); 17.2) P. superba brevior (Laidlaw, 1949); 18) P. suratensis (Panha & Burch, 1998);
B, live snail of  Pagodapalaina euphrosyne sp. nov.

Systematics

Superfamily Cyclophoroidea Gray, 1847

Family Diplommatinidae Pfeiffer, 1856

Genus Pagodapalaina Chen, 2025

Pagodapalaina Chen in Chen et al. 2025: 390, 391.

Type species: Diplommatina acme Laidlaw, 1949, by original designation.

Remark: The genus is characterised by a sinistrally coiled, elongate-fusiform shell with tightly to loosely coiled whorls and a shell surface bearing low ridges to prominent and trough-like radial ribs. The internal lamellar system comprises a well-developed columellaris, a parietalis varying from small to well developed, a vertical palatalis that may be absent, and a constriction ranging from weak to strong.

The genus currently comprises 18 recognised species (Chen et al. 2025, MolluscaBase 2026, this study). Of these, three species are known from Sumatra, Indonesia, and nine species, including the new species described herein, are recorded from Thailand. The northern distributional limit of the genus is currently considered not to extend beyond the Isthmus of Kra (Fig. 1A).

Pagodapalaina euphrosyne sp. nov., paratypes CUMZ 14506 from the type locality.
A, B, adult specimens with narrowly expanded lip;
C, juvenile specimen shows an early stage of penultimate whorl, and onset of tall trough-like radial ribs

Pagodapalaina euphrosyne sp. nov. from the type locality.
A, holotype CUMZ 14505, insets show the aperture with columellaris;
B, paratype CUMZ 14506, juvenile with penultimate and last whorl reattached but lip not yet expanded;
C, paratype CUMZ 14506, insets show the protoconch sculpture

Pagodapalaina euphrosyne Sutcharit, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Shell small, sinistral, elongate-conical, fusiform, with ∼6 whorls. Earlier teleoconch whorls solute for about two whorls, with smooth surface. Penultimate and last whorls regularly coiled, tightly attached, sculptured with very tall, trough-like radial ribs, and fine spiral striations throughout. Peristome double, expanded. Aperture rounded, with four barriers: one parietalis, two vertical palatalis and one columellaris.

Etymology: The specific epithet, euphrosyne, is a noun in apposition derived from Euphrosyne, one of the Three Graces (Charites) in Greek mythology, the personification of joy, beauty, and elegance. It refers to the graceful and delicate shell morphology of the new species.

  Chirasak Sutcharit, Ruttapon Srisonchai, Nattaphong Maneewan, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul and Supunya Annate. 2026. A New open-coiled Microsnail Species of the Genus Pagodapalaina (Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) from Thailand. Animal Taxonomy and Ecology. DOI: doi.org/10.1556/1777.2026.00169 [16 Sep 2026]

𝙋𝙖𝙜𝙤𝙙𝙖𝙥𝙖𝙡𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙖 𝙚𝙪𝙥𝙝𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙮𝙣𝙚 Sutcharit, 2026 หรือ หอยกระสวยจิ๋วคลายเกลียวยูโฟรซีน ค้นพบที่ถ้ำทะลุ อำเภอละงู จังหวัดสตูล โดยตั้งชื่อชนิดตามรูปร่างเปลือกที่ละเอียดอ่อนและสง่างาม เสมือน “ยูโฟรซีน” ผู้เป็น 1ใน 3เทพีแห่งความงามของเทพปกรณัมกรีก 

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[Mammalogy • 2026] Phylogenomics and Museomics reveal Five distinct Species of Tiger Cats (Carnivora: Felidae: Leopardus) in South America

 

Leopardus tilcayo  Nogales-Ascarrunz, Aliaga-Rossel, Lescroart & Eizirik, 

in Lescroart, Nogales-Ascarrunz, Cassatt-Johnstone, Bonilla-Sánchez, ... et Eizirik, 2026. 

DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059

Highlights: 

• First discovery of a novel cat species in over a century: Leopardus tilcayo

• Description of a novel cat subspecies: Leopardus tigrinus antisuyo

• Phylogenomic resolution of the tiger cat complex, revealing five distinct species

• Museomics and novel approaches to assess evolutionary history and genomic diversity

Summary

The evolutionary history of elusive organisms can be characterized through genomic analyses, which have the power to reveal previously unknown taxa even in groups assumed to be well studied, such as cats. We have analyzed complete genomes of 38 individuals from the Neotropical cat genus Leopardus, including 26 individuals representing multiple evolutionary units of the contentious tiger cat (Leopardus tigrinus) species complex. Eight genomes were generated from museum specimens, which allowed the first genetic assessment of the type locality for L. tigrinus in the Guiana Shield. We found that this complex comprises five distinct species, including a novel cat species, discovered in the Bolivian Yungas and described in this study as L. tilcayo. The Peruvian Yungas unit of this complex also represents a distinct taxonomic entity, which we describe here as a novel subspecies, L. tigrinus antisuyo. Our phylogenomic analyses resolve the evolutionary relationships among the tiger cat geographic units, thus stabilizing their recalcitrant taxonomy and enabling adequate conservation assessment of these threatened felids. We also address other aspects of their evolution, including biogeography, past episodes of interspecies admixture, demographic history of each taxonomic unit, and temporal changes in genetic diversity. Altogether, our results clarify the evolutionary history of a complex radiation of wild cats, reveal novel taxa, and serve as a basis for conservation planning on behalf of these elusive wild cats.

 

Keywords: Bolivian Yungas, Peruvian Yungas, Felidae, Guiana Shield, historic DNA, Leopardus, museomics, concordance vector, new species, tilcayo

 

Live specimen of Leopardus tilcayo (sample ID: L. tilcayo BOl-2, voucher ID: MNHN-L2), a newly described tiger cat species from the Bolivian Yungas.

Photo by Paola Nogales-Ascarrunz

 

Family Felidae Batsch, 1788 

Subfamily Felinae Batsch, 1788 

 Leopardus Gray, 1842

Leopardus tilcayo sp. nov. Nogales-Ascarrunz, Aliaga-Rossel, Lescroart & Eizirik 

Type material: Holotype: CBF-11990, adult male. Live-captured and held in captivity, genome sequences NCBI SRA accession SRX30196846. Date: 09-2021; collectors: E. Aliaga-Rosel and P. Nogales-Ascarrunz (see Data S1).

Type locality: La Paz, Nor Yungas, near Arapata village (1,570 m above sea level [a.s.l.]), Bolivia. Coordinates: −16.248594, −67.634691 (WGS84).

Etymology: This species is named after the local name “tilcayo” used for this felid, which is widely known in the Bolivian Yungas zone. The name is treated as an unchanged noun in apposition.

Vernacular name: We propose “tilcayo” as the English common name, preserving the traditional local designation in recognition of its cultural and regional relevance.

Diagnosis: Leopardus tilcayo differs from L. pardinoides by its shorter pelage, lower contrast pattern, more expanded and irregular open rosettes, less bushy tail, and the absence of broad and complete caudal bands (see Data S1). It differs from L. tigrinus by its larger and more irregular flank markings, longer and fuller tail, and irregular caudal blotches. It differs from L. guttulus by its larger, more heterogeneous markings, lower dorsal contrast, and relatively longer tail. L. tilcayo can be distinguished from other Leopardus taxa by a large number of molecular characters. In the nuclear genome, among the 29,288,951 transversion variants, on average 1,392,646 sites differentiate L. tilcayo from L. t. antisuyo and 1,491,301 sites differentiate L. tilcayo from L. pardinoides. For simplicity we provide a list of diagnostic mitochondrial DNA sites (see Data S1).

Jonas Lescroart, Paola Nogales-Ascarrunz, Molly Cassatt-Johnstone, Alejandra Bonilla-Sánchez, Caroline Charão Sartor, Fernando Angulo, Jorge L. Ramirez, Larissa Rosa de Oliveira, Tadeu Gomes de Oliveira, Beth Shapiro, Enzo Aliaga-Rossel, Hannes Svardal and Eduardo Eizirik. 2026. Phylogenomics and Museomics reveal Five distinct Species of Tiger Cats in South America. Current Biology. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059 [September 17, 2026]

[Botany • 2026] Leucheria melorum (Asteraceae: Nassauvieae) • A New Species from the Patagonian Andes

 

Leucheria melorum Horton & Picca, 

in Horton & Picca, 2026.

DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.774.3.4 

 

Abstract

A new species of Leucheria endemic to the Patagonian Andes in northern Neuquén, Argentina, is reported. Leucheria melorum is characterized by its cushion-like growth habit composed of dense woolly rosettes, rhizomes covered by persistent old leaves, and capitula with white to pink flower corollas. The species inhabits high-elevation volcanic environments (2550–2900 m a.s.l.) on the Domuyo and the Wayle massifs. We provide a detailed morphological description, illustrations highlighting the diagnostic morphological traits and a key for distinguishing L. melorum from related species. Based on the IUCN criteria and categories, a preliminary conservation status assessment is also given.

 Eudicots, Flora Altoandina, Leucheria, Nassauvieae, Patagonia

A. General view of the habitat of Leucheria melorum on Cerro Wayle at 2900 m a.s.l. with the Volcán Tromen in the background; B. Several dense rosettes; C. Rosette with capitula at different developmental stages; D. Close-up view of some flowering capitula; E. Fruit; F. Photomicrograph of the cypsela surface showing characteristic twin trichomes (indicated by white arrows) and biseriate glandular trichomes (indicated by black arrows).

Photos A, C, E & F: Pablo Picca; B & D: J. Felipe Horton.

Leucheria melorum.
A. Habit; B. Leaf, adaxial view; C. Scape and capitulum; D. Inner phyllary, dorsal view; E. Outer phyllary, dorsal view; F. Bract-like phyllary, dorsal view; G. Flower; H. Flower (ovary and pappus removed); I. Stamens; J. Fruit.

Line drawings by Angélica Marino.

Leucheria melorum Horton & Picca, sp. nov. 

Diagnosis:—Leucheria melorum is morphologically similar to L. candidissima and L. millefolium, which are also present in the northern Neuquén volcanic massifs. However, the new species is readily distinguished by its compact, cushion-like growth habit. It further differs from both by having very short stems (vs. more or less elongated in L. candidissima and L. millefolium), flabelliform leaf blades (vs. lanceolate in L. candidissima and elliptic in L. millefolium) and by having bi- or tri-pinnatisect leaves with oblong segments closely approximated towards the apex (vs. pinnatisect with an elongate terminal lobe in L. candidissima and bi- or tri-pinnatisect with rhomboidal segments in L. millefolium; segments regularly distributed along the rachis in both species).

Etymology:—The specific epithet honors Mabel and Sergio MELO, a couple of dedicated naturalists, who were the first people to collect specimens of this new species. Their keen observations of the high Andean flora and kind cooperation were very important to the recognition of this novelty.

Juan Felipe HORTON and Pablo I. PICCA. 2026. A New Species of Leucheria (Nassauvieae, Asteraceae) from the Patagonian Andes.  Phytotaxa. 774(3); 241-251. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.774.3.4 [2026-09-17]

[Crustacea • 2026] Caridina srivijaya, C. takkola, C. tambralinga, ... • A Taxonomic Review of the freshwater shrimp Genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda: Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with Descriptions of Five New Species

A. Caridina cf. rangoona, from Phang Nga Province, Takuatung District, Khum Mut Stream; B. C. johnsoni, from Surat Thani Province, Mueang District, Phunphin Stream; 

C, D. C. nangroma sp. nov. from Chumphon Province, Lamae District, Lamae Stream;

E, F. C. srivijaya sp. nov., from Surat Thani Province, Phrasaeng District, Bang Sawan Spring; 

G. C. takkola sp. nov., from Surat Thani Province, Mueang District, Phunphin Stream; H. C. tambralinga sp. nov., from Songkhla Province, Ranot District, Thale Noi NHA. 

Macharoenboon, von Rintelen, Klotz, Sutcharit, Siriwut & Jeratthitikul, 2026

DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168

Abstract

A comprehensive taxonomic review of the genus Caridina in southern Thailand is presented, integrating extensive field surveys with comprehensive morphological and molecular analyses to document the species diversity. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed from partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and COI) indicated 18 distinct lineages, recognized as species in our study, belonging to six species groups, from southern Thailand. Five of these are new to science and are described as Caridina kuehnei sp. nov., C. nangroma sp. nov., C. srivijaya sp. nov., C. takkola sp. nov., and C. tambralinga sp. nov. Including historical records, there are 21 species of Caridina found in southern Thailand of which almost half are endemic to the region. Updated distribution maps and a key to all known species in the region are also provided. Our findings highlight that while morphological identification is challenging due to significant intraspecific variation and interspecific similarity, molecular data is essential for helping taxonomists to delineate species boundaries.

Key words: Amphidromous, crustacean, freshwater fauna, landlocked, Malay Peninsula, molecular phylogeny, Thailand

Living specimens of Caridina species.
 A. C. thai, topotype MUMNH-CAR861-F1 from Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pak Chong District, Muak Lek Waterfall; B, C. C. gracillima, specimens; B. MUMNH-CAR626-P1 from Trang Province, Mueang District, Trang River; C. MUMNH-CAR631-P1 from Krabi Province, Mueang District, Tha Hindarn Stream; D. C. gracilipes, specimen MUMNH-CAR462-P1 from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Khanom District, Khao Phlai Dam;
E. C. macrophora, specimen MUMNH-CAR800 from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Bang Khan District, Lam Dang Stream; F. C. peninsularis, specimen MUMNH-CAR633-P1 from Phang Nga Province, Khum Mut Stream; G. C. excavatoides, specimen MUMNH-CAR616-F2 from Nakhon Sri Thammarat Province, Thung Song District, Tha-Luang Stream; H. C. temasek, specimen MUMNH-CAR835-P1 from Pattani Province, Mueang District, Pattani River. Scale bar: 4 mm.

Living specimens of Caridina species.
A. C. cf. rangoona, specimen MUMNH-CAR434-P1 from Phang Nga Province, Takuatung District, Khum Mut Stream; B. C. johnsoni, specimen MUMNH-CAR471-P1 from Surat Thani Province, Mueang District, Phunphin Stream; C, D. C. nangroma sp. nov.; C. paratype MUMNH-CAR404-P1 and D. specimen MUMNHCAR474-P1 from Chumphon Province, Lamae District, Lamae Stream;
E, F. C. srivijaya sp. nov., paratypes; E. MUMNH-CAR502-P1; F. MUMNH-CAR502-M1; G. C. takkola sp. nov., paratype MUMNH-CAR469-P1; H. C. tambralinga sp. nov., specimen MUMNH-CAR489-P1 from Songkhla Province, Ranot District, Thale Noi Non-Hunting Area. Scale bar: 3 mm.

Caridina kuehnei sp. nov. 

C. nangroma sp. nov. 

C. srivijaya sp. nov. 

C. takkola sp. nov. 

C. tambralinga sp. nov. 

 

 Kongkit Macharoenboon, Thomas von Rintelen, Werner Klotz, Chirasak Sutcharit, Warut Siriwut and Ekgachai Jeratthitikul. 2026. A Taxonomic Review of the freshwater shrimp Genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from southern Thailand, with Descriptions of Five New Species. ZooKeys. 1292: 1-126. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1292.193168 [15 Sep 2026]