Sunday, January 12, 2025

[Ichthyology • 2024] Epinephelus randalli • Taxonomic Status of the Commercially Important Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus and E. moara (Perciformes: Epinephelidae), with the Redescription of E. bruneus and the Description of a New Species

 

Epinephelus randalli
 Hoshino,  Senou & Nguyễn, 2024


Abstract
The epinephelid longtooth grouper comprises two nominal species, Epinephelus bruneus Bloch, 1793 and E. moara (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843). The name E. moara had been applied to specimens in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, but was later relegated to the junior synonymy of E. bruneus. However, in continental China, two forms of longtooth groupers have been recognized: one distributed in the South China Sea (herein the “southern form”) and another in the East and South China Seas (the “northern from”). The name E. bruneus has been applied to the former, and E. moara to the latter. A recent study demonstrated that the two forms were morphologically and genetically distinct. However, because that study did not examine the name-bearing types, the appropriate scientific names remained uncertain. Examinations herein of the lectotypes and the original illustrations for the descriptions of E. bruneus and E. moara, and comparisons of specimens of both forms, revealed that both lectotypes were conspecific with the “northern form”; therefore, the valid name for this form is E. bruneus, again relegating E. moara to its junior synonymy. The “southern form” is described herein as E. randalli sp. nov., which is distinguished from E. bruneus by fewer dorsal-fin soft rays (13–14, usually 13 vs. 14–16, usually 15), the size and number of enlarged serrae at the corner of the preopercle (abruptly and remarkably enlarged, 2–4 vs. gradually and slightly enlarged, 2–11, usually 4–7), the scales on the side of body (cycloid except pectoral region vs. mostly ctenoid), and the patterns of the body bars and the head bands. The use of these correct scientific names will greatly assist communication regarding the appropriate development of stock management, aquaculture, and conservation of these commercially important groupers.

Keywords: Epinephelus randalli, longtooth grouper, mud grouper

Epinephelus bruneus.
a, KAUM–I. 80316, 224.7mm SL, Japan;
b, KPM-NI 26963, 120.2mm SL, Japan;
c, KPM-NI 35270, 769mm SL, Japan.

Epinephelus bruneus Bloch, 1793 
[English name: Longtooth Grouper; 
standard Japanese name: Kue]

Diagnosis. Epinephelus bruneus can be distinguished from the congeners by the combination of following characters: serrae at angle of preopercle gradually and weakly enlarged from dorsal to ventral direction, 2–11 (usually 4–7) (Fig. 4a–c); dorsal-fin soft rays 14–16 (usually 15) (Table 1); anal-fin soft rays 8–9 (Table 1); caudal fin rounded; scales on lateral body ctenoid; back and side with six irregular broad oblique transverse bars, second bar directed forward becoming nearly horizontal ventral to lateral line and reaching opercular margin only dorsal to its posterior tip (Figs 1, 5a); third bar with an anterior branch connecting with second bar and reaching opercular margin (Figs 1, 5a); fourth band of head broader than eye diameter (Fig. 5e).
 

Second and third bars of body (a–d) and fourth bar of head (e–g) of Epinephelus bruneus (= “northern form”) and Epinephelus randalli sp. nov. (= “southern form”).
a, e, Epinephelus bruneus, KAUM–I. 80316, 224.7mm SL, Japan;
b, f, E. randalli sp. nov., NSMT-P 66257, 143.3mm SL, Vietnam, holotype;
c, g, original illustration for description of E. bruneus (Bloch 1793);
d, original illustration for description of Serranus moara (Temminck and Schlegel 1843).
Downward arrow, second bar of body ventral to lateral line; upward arrow, anterior branch of third bar of body; rectangle, fourth bar of head.


Epinephelus randalli sp. nov.
a, NSMT-P 66257, holotype, 143.3mm SL, Hai Phong, Vietnam;
b, NSMT-P 68411, paratype, 334mm SL, Long Chau Bay, Vietnam;
c, FRLM 49723, paratype, 177.6mm SL, Ha Long, Vietnam.
a, b, Images of preserved specimens; c, an image of a fresh specimen.

Epinephelus randalli sp. nov. 
[English name: Mud Grouper; 
new standard Japanese name: Minami-kue] 

Diagnosis. Serrae at angle of preopercle abruptly and remarkably enlarged from dorsal to ventral direction (Fig. 4d–f); dorsal-fin soft rays 13–14; scales on lateral body cycloid except ctenoid at pectoral region; back and side with six oblique transversal bars, second bar steeply oblique not becoming nearly horizontal ventral to lateral line, reaching opercular margin dorsal to and ventral to its posterior tip (Figs 5b, 7); third bar on body without an anterior branch (Figs 5b, 7); fourth band on head very narrow, much narrower than diameter of pupil (Fig. 5f). 

Etymology. The specific name randalli is named in honor of the distinguished ichthyologist late Dr. John E. Randall, who passed away in 2020. 
In the new standard Japanese name, Minami-kue, “minami” is “south” or “southern” in Japanese, and “kue” is the Japanese name of the longtooth grouper.

Illustrations of Epinephelus randalli sp. nov. that are misidentified in references.
a, Illustration in Jordan and Seale (1905: pl. 5) as “Epinephelus moara”;
b, illustration in Fowler (1931: fig. 4) as “Serranus fasciatomaculatus”.


Kouichi Hoshino, Hiroshi Senou and Quân Văn Nguyễn. 2024. Taxonomic Status of the Commercially Important Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus and E. moara (Osteichthys: Perciformes: Epinephelidae), with the Redescription of E. bruneus and the Description of a New Species. Species Diversity. 29(2); 389-407. DOI: doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.389 
 

[Herpetology • 2024] Rediscovery and Revision of the Diagnostic Characters of Opisthotropis daovantieni (Squamata: Natricidae) from southern Vietnam, with notes on its hemipenial morphology and defensive behavior

  

Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky & Murphy, 1998

in Gao, Zhang, V. Nguyen, Jiang, T. Nguyen, Li et Ren, 2024. 
Photographs by Jia-Tang Li.

Abstract
The Tien’s Mountain Stream Snake, Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky, and Murphy, 1998, has been represented solely by its type series, with no additional specimens reported in the past two decades. As a result, limited data exist and O. daovantieni remains one of the least studied members of its genus. Based on a re-examination of the type series, analysis of newly collected topotypic specimens, and a review of museum collections, this study provides an updated and comprehensive morphological characterization of O. daovantieni including detailed descriptions of hemipenial morphology, revised diagnostic characters, phylogenetic positioning, and ecological insights. Based on morphological comparisons with congeners, we also define the informal Opisthotropis spenceri group to facilitate future taxonomic work. In addition, this study documents a previously unreported defensive behavior involving tail-poking, observed in the field and thus far unique within the genus Opisthotropis.

Keywords: diagnostic characters, hemipenis, Opisthotropis spenceri group, sulcus spermaticus, tail-poking behavior


Photographs of Opisthotropis daovantieni (CIB 109024) in life.
 (A) General view of body, (B) lateral head view, and (C) ventral view of body.
Photographs by Jia-Tang Li.

Habitat of Opisthotropis daovantieni in Vietnam.
(A) Macrohabitat, and (B) microhabitat.
Photographs by Jia-Tang Li.
 

Zong-Yuan Gao, Yong Zhang, Vu Nguyen, Ke Jiang, Tao Nguyen, Jia-Tang Li and Jin-Long Ren. 2024. Rediscovery and Revision of the Diagnostic Characters of Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky, and Murphy, 1998 (Squamata: Natricidae) from southern Vietnam, with notes on its hemipenial morphology and defensive behavior. Asian Herpetological Research. DOI: doi.org/10.3724/ahr.2095-0357.2024.0048 


[Ichthyology • 2025] Hongiastoma gen. nov., Angustistoma gen. nov. & Scaphostoma gen. nov. • Generic Revision of the Southeast and East Asian Torrent Carp Subfamily Acrossocheilinae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) With Description of Three New Genera and a New Species from Vietnam

 
 Hongiastoma gen. nov.
Angustistoma gen. nov.
Scaphostoma gen. nov.S. annamense sp. nov.

in Hoang, Jang-Liaw, Pham, Tran, Durand, Nguyen, Pfeiffer et Page, 2025. 

Abstract
Molecular data from 35 of the 50 Acrossocheilinae species suggest that the species-level diversity in the subfamily has been overestimated, likely due to inadequate taxon and geographic sampling and reliance on morphological characters that vary intraspecifically. Three new genera, one resurrected genus, two resurrected species, and one new species are diagnosed and described herein. Nine synonyms of three valid species of Acrossocheilinae are recognized from the Yangtze, Xijiang, Song Hong, Annamite, and Mekong ecoregions in East and Southeast Asia. Thirty-two valid and six putative new species are indicated by molecular data and a key to the genera is provided. As more molecular and morphological data become available, additional taxonomic changes in this widespread and generally poorly known subfamily are likely.

Keywords: Angustistoma gen. nov., Cyprinidae, Hongiastoma gen. nov., molecular and morphological systematics, Scaphostoma annamense sp. nov., Scaphostoma gen. nov.


Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815
Subfamily: Acrossocheilinae Yang [Yang, et al. 2015.]

Hongiastoma Hoàng and Nguyễn, new genus

Type species: Varicorhinus argentatus Nguyễn and Đoàn, 1969. 
Lectotype RIAH 67, 147 mm, Suối Rút, Hòa Bình, Vietnam.

Etymology: The name is from the Vietnamese prefix hong- meaning the Song Hong or Red River where the type species occurs, and the Greek suffix -stoma meaning mouth and referring especially to the horny sharp sheath on the lower lip. Gender neuter.


Angustistoma Hoàng, new genus

Type species: Onychostoma elongatum (Pellegrin and Chevey, 1934): 340. 
Holotype: MNHN 1934-026, 142 mm, Ngòi-Thia—tributary of Red River, Nghĩa-Lộ, Yên-Bái, Vietnam.

Etymology: The name is from the classical Latin prefix angusti- meaning narrow, and the Greek suffix -stoma meaning mouth and referring especially to the horny sharp sheath on the lower lip. Gender neuter.


Scaphostoma Hoàng and Phạm, new genus

Type species: Gymnostomus lepturus (Boulenger, 1900): 961. 
Holotype: BMNH 1899.11.30.21, 159.2 mm, Five-fingers Mountains, Hainan Island, China.

Etymology: The name is from the classical Greek prefix σκαφό (scapho) meaning bow-shaped, and the Greek suffix -stoma meaning mouth and referring especially to the horny sharp sheath on the lower lip. Gender neuter.


Huy Duc Hoang, Nian-Hong Jang-Liaw, Hung Manh Pham, Ngan Trong Tran, Jean-Dominique Durand, Tao Dinh Nguyen, John Pfeiffer and Lawrence M. Page. 2025. Generic Revision of the Southeast and East Asian Torrent Carp Subfamily Acrossocheilinae (Pisces: Teleostei) With Description of Three New Genera and a New Species From Vietnam. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. DOI: doi.org/10.1155/jzs/8895501 

Saturday, January 11, 2025

[Diplopoda • 2025] Hylomus piccolo & H. borealis • Two New Dragon Millipedes (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae: Hylomus) from Limestone Mountains in northern Vietnam, with an identification key to Vietnamese Hylomus species [Mountainous Millipedes in Vietnam. III]


 Hylomus piccolo
 A. D. Nguyen, Vu & T.-A. T. Nguyen, 2025 


Abstract
Two new species of the dragon millipede genus Hylomus Cook & Loomis, 1924 are described from mountainous areas in northern Vietnam, namely Hylomus piccolo sp. nov. and Hylomus borealis sp. nov. The COI barcodes are provided for these species, and an identification key is presented to all Vietnamese Hylomus species.

Key words: Biodiversity, COI barcode, mountainous fauna, Southeast Asia, taxonomy

 Hylomus piccolo sp. nov., holotype (IEBR-Myr 904H)
A, B anterior-most body part, lateral view (A), ventral view (B)
C head, anterior view D body rings 8–10, dorsal view.
Scale bars: 1 mm.

Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844
Order Polydesmida Pocock, 1887

Family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889

Genus Hylomus Cook & Loomis, 1924

 Hylomus piccolo sp. nov.

Etymology: The name refers to “piccolo”, a main character of the Japanese manga “Dragon balls” by Toriyama Akira (Japan). Noun in apposition.


 Hylomus borealis sp. nov.

Etymology: An adjective epithet “borealis” refers to the northern-most province (Cao Bang) of Vietnam, the type locality.


 Anh D. Nguyen, Tam T. T. Vu and Thu-Anh T. Nguyen. 2025. Mountainous Millipedes in Vietnam. III. Two New Dragon Millipedes from Limestone Mountains in northern Vietnam (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Hylomus), with an identification key to Vietnamese Hylomus species. ZooKeys. 1223: 247-262. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1223.139649 

[Botany • 2024] Argyreia manjolaiensis (Convolvulaceae) • A New Species from the southern Western Ghats, India


Argyreia manjolaiensis Karupp., Bharath & P.S.S.Rich., 

in Yadav, Karuppusamy et Richard, 2024. 

Abstract
Argyreia manjolaiensis (Convolvulaceae), a new species from the southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, is described and illustrated. Detailed description, photoplates, and distribution map are provided. Information on population status and ecology is also presented to facilitate the identification and conservation of the species.

Keywords: Endemic species, Morning glory, Tamil Nadu, Taxonomy

Argyreia manjolaiensis Karupp., Bharath & P.S.S.Rich.:
a. A flowering twig; b. Leaf–abaxial view; c. Leaf–adaxial view; d. Leaf abaxial surface–Closeup view; e. Leaf–tip; f. Inflorescence; g. Bracts; h. Flower–frontview; i. Sepals; j. Flower–side view; k. Flower cut open showing stamens and pistil; l. Stamens; m. Pistil
(Photos P.S.S. Richard)

Argyreia manjolaiensis Karupp., Bharath & P.S.S.Rich., sp. nov. 

 Morphologically similar to A. fulgens Choisy but can be easily distinguished from 2–2.5 cm long petiole (vs. 3–7 cm long), a cordate lamina base (vs. rounded), a hairy abaxial surface of the lamina (vs. glabrous), 12 secondary veins (vs. 18–22), 10–12-flowered inflorescence (vs. 5–7-flowered), 3 bracts (vs. 2), subequal or unequal sepals (vs. equal) and a corolla tube that is pale purple at the base and milky white at the throat (vs. dark purple throughout). A detailed morphological comparison is provided in Table 1.
....


Yadav P.B.S., Karuppusamy S. and P.S.S. Richard. 2024. A New Species of Argyreia (Convolvulaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, India. Rheedea. 34(5);  rheedea.in/journal/GI7f2reS 


[Arachnida • 2023] Latrodectus occidentalis • Phylogenetic Analyses and Description of A New Species of Black Widow Spider of the Genus Latrodectus Walckenaer (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Mexico; one or more species?

   

 Latrodectus occidentalis Valdez-Mondragón,  

in Valdez-Mondragón et Cabrera-Espinosa, 2023. 

ABSTRACT
A new species of the spider genus Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 from Mexico is described based on an integrative taxonomic approach. Latrodectus occidentalis Valdez-Mondragón sp. nov. is described using the molecular markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), morphology of male and female specimens, and Species Distribution Models (SDM). Four molecular methods for species delimitation were implemented. The new species is characterized by having a unique dorsal coloration pattern on the abdomen. Latrodectus occidentalis sp. nov. is considered a distinct and valid species for four reasons: (1) it can be distinguished by morphological characters (genital and somatic); (2) the average interspecific genetic variation is > 2%; (3) 12 haplotypes were recovered within the species, being separated by the next close haplogroup of L. hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 (30 mutations); and (4) congruence was observed among the four molecular methods. The number of recorded species of Latrodectus from Mexico increases to four: Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775), L. hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935, L. geometricus C.L. Koch, 1841 (introduced), and L. occidentalis sp. nov. The diversity of the genus Latrodectus from Mexico is surely underestimated, and more sampling is needed from the different biogeographical provinces and ecoregions to fill in these gaps.

Keywords: integrative taxonomy, North America, species distribution modeling, DNA barcodes, morphology

 Latrodectus occidentalis Valdez-Mondragón sp. nov.
 Live females (13–15) and males (16–18) 
 13, 16. Salvatierra,  Guanajuato,  Mexico.  14.  Camichines,  Cocula,  Jalisco,  Mexico  (type  locality). 15.  Hostotipaquillo,  Jalisco,  Mexico.  17.1  km  North  of  San  Nicolás  de  Ibarra,  Jalisco,  Mexico. 18. “Las Letras”, Pénjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Photographs 13, 16, 18 by Cabrera-Espinosa (2021). Photograph 14 by Navarro-Rogríguez  I. (2021).  Photograph 15 by Valdez-Mondragon A. Photograph 17 by Mamole in www.naturalista.mx 

Habitats and microhabitats of Latrodectus occidentalis Valdez-Mondragón sp. nov.
 Red arrow indicates the microhabitat where the specimens were collected.
19, 22. “Las Letras”, Pénjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico. 20. Zona arqueológica “Plazuelas”, Pénjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico. 21. Salvatierra, Guanajuato, Mexico. 23–24. Cocula, Jalisco, Mexico (type locality) (red arrow in figure 23 shows the female found below a wasp nest). 
Photographs 19–22 by Cabrera-Espinosa (2021); 23–24 by Jared Lacayo (2021).
 

Valdez-Mondragón, A., & Cabrera-Espinosa, L. A. 2023. Phylogenetic Analyses and Description of A New Species of Black Widow Spider of the Genus Latrodectus Walckenaer (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Mexico; one or more species?. European Journal of Taxonomy. 897(1), 1–56. DOI: doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.897.2293  

  

[Mollusca • 2025] Shinkailepas tiarasimia & S. cornuthauma • Integrative Taxonomy of New neritimorph Limpets (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha: Phenacolepadidae) from Indian Ocean Deep-sea Hot Vents shed light on their Biogeographic History

 

Shinkailepas cornuthauma
Gu, Chen, Gao, Zhou & Sun, 2025 
 

Abstract
Red-blooded neritimorph gastropods in the subfamily Shinkailepadinae are specialists of chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, with the most diverse genus Shinkailepas endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. All described Shinkailepas species have so far been from the western Pacific, despite reports of unidentified Shinkailepas from the Indian Ocean in the literature for decades. Here, we use an integrative approach to characterize and describe these Indian Ocean vent neritimorphs for the first time, based on material collected from the Carlsberg Ridge (CR) and the Central Indian Ridge (CIR). We name two new species: Shinkailepas tiarasimia sp. nov. from both the CR and the CIR, and Shinkailepas cornuthauma sp. nov. from the CR. A combination of shell and epipodial lobe characters reliably separate these new species from their described congeners. A phylogenetic reconstruction of all known Shinkailepas species using 658 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene reveal two separate major clades within the genus, each with an Indian Ocean species—implying two independent colonizations of Indian Ocean vents by separate lineages. Our finding of two new species on the CR, including one not known anywhere else, underscores the unique biodiversity at these vents and strengthens the case for protecting them from potential deep-sea mining activities.

biodiversity, biogeography, COI mtDNA, Gastropoda, Indian Ocean, new species, phylogenetics, taxonomy


 

 

Xinyu Gu, Chong Chen, Kexin Gao, Yadong Zhou and Jin Sun. 2025. Integrative Taxonomy of New neritimorph Limpets from Indian Ocean Deep-sea Hot Vents shed light on their Biogeographic History. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 203(1); zlae167. DOI: doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae167  

[Diplopoda • 2025] Sinocallipus similis • Integrative Data reveal A New millipede Species of Sinocallipus Zhang, 1993 (Callipodida: Sinocallipodidae) from Vietnam, with notes on its phylogeny


Sinocallipus similis
 Nguyen, Stoev & Vu, 2025


Abstract
The callipodidan genus Sinocallipus Zhang, 1993 (Callipodida, Sinocallipodidae) is reviewed within the scope of the Vietnamese fauna. A total of three species are recorded in Vietnam including a new one, Sinocallipus similis sp. nov. All three species are confirmed by morphological and molecular data. An existing identification key of Sinocallipus species is amended to include the new species.

Key Words: Biodiversity, cave fauna, COI, phylogeny, taxonomy, Vietnam


Order Callipodida
Family Sinocallipodidae Zhang, 1993

Genus Sinocallipus Zhang, 1993

 Sinocallipus similis sp. nov.

Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by having up to 79 pleurotergites (in adult females, males with 78), yellowish body, long antennae, 5+5 crests between the ozopores on midbody PTs, almost equally subdivided paraprocts, gonopods with strongly swollen and long gonocoxal process g, and a long, trochanteral process of leg 9 with a pointed tip.

Etymology: From the Latin word “similis” meaning “similar” or “like”. The name denotes the morphological similarity between the new species and Sinocallipus deharvengi from Quang Binh Province in Vietnam.

Type locality of Sinocallipus similis sp. nov.
A. Khuoi Lin Cave; B. Na Mang Cave; C. Ground of Khuoi Lin Cave;
D. Sinocallipus similis sp. nov. habitus.


  Anh D. Nguyen, Pavel Stoev and Tam T. T. Vu. 2025. Integrative Data reveal A New millipede Species of Sinocallipus Zhang, 1993 (Callipodida, Sinocallipodidae) from Vietnam, with notes on its phylogeny. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 101(1): 69-80. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.138716
.

[Arachnida • 2025] Raveniola fuzhouensis • A New Species of Raveniola Zonstein, 1987 (Araneae: Nemesiidae) from Fujian, China


 Raveniola fuzhouensis Zhou, 

in Zhou, Lu, Cui et Xu, 2025. 


Abstract
Background: The genus Raveniola Zonstein, 1987 comprises 66 species, distributed across regions from East Asia to the Caucasus, with about 20 species recorded from China. According to Zonstein et al. (2018) and Zonstein (2024), members of Raveniola can be identified by the presence of two to three retroventral megaspines arranged sequentially on tibia I in males and paired spermathecae in females, each bearing two-branched heads or a lateral diverticulum.

New information: A new mygalomorph species, Raveniola fuzhouensis Zhou, sp. nov., is described from Fujian Province, China. Detailed description, diagnosis, illustrations and a distribution map of the new species are provided.

Keywords: Asia, biodiversity, morphology, Mygalomorphae, taxonomy

 Raveniola fuzhouensis Zhou, sp. nov., habitus.
A, B male (holotype), C, D female (paratype).
A, C dorsal view; B, D ventral view.
Scale bars: 2 mm (A-D).

Photos of live specimens of  Raveniola fuzhouensis Zhou, sp. nov.
 A male (holotype); B female (paratype). 

Raveniola fuzhouensis Zhou, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: The new species is similar to Raveniola gracilis Li & Zonstein, 2015 (Tian et al. 2020: figs. 1C-D, 2, 3C-D and Li and Zonstein 2015: figs. 9A-C and 10) in the male and female individual abdomen back pattern approximation. The male of the new species can be easily distinguished from R. gracilis by the following: (1) embolus base wider and black (Fig. 3) vs. embolus of R. gracilis dark brown (Li and Zonstein 2015: fig. 9; Tian et al. 2020: fig. 3D); (2) SD base the pipeline smooth down to embolus (Fig. 3B) vs. SD base the pipeline 90° to embolus of R. gracilis (Li and Zonstein 2015: figs. 9B and 10B). The female of the new species can be easily distinguished from R. gracilis by the following: (1) the stalk of the spermathecae is significantly wider (trumpet-shaped), with the basal width approximately same as ...

Etymology: The specific name refers to the type locality, adjective.

Distribution: China (Known only from type locality in Fujian; Fig. 8).

Biology: R. fuzhouensis Zhou, sp. nov. lives in dry soil burrows on loess road cuts or cavities beneath flat stones. The excavation marks inside the burrow indicate their ability to further modify the burrow, rather than passively adapting to the existing environment.


 Guchun Zhou, Jian Lu, Muqiushi Cui and Jiasheng Xu. 2025. A New Species of Raveniola Zonstein, 1987 (Araneae, Nemesiidae) from Fujian, China. Biodiversity Data Journal. 13: e142264. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.13.e142264  


[Botany • 2025] Primulina xingyiensis (Gesneriaceae) • A New Species in the Karst Landforms of Guizhou Province, China


 Primulina xingyiensis  X.X.Bai & F.Wen, 

in Gu, He, Wen, Bai et Li, 2025. 
兴义报春苣苔  ||  DOI: doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.251.135126 
 
Abstract
Primulina xingyiensis X.X.Bai & F.Wen, a new species of Gesneriaceae in the karst landforms of Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the species is similar to P. davidioides on corolla, while it is distinguished from P. davidioides by characteristics of thinner and smaller leaves, shorter peduncles, fewer flowers, smaller corolla, glabrous staminodes, and ovary shorter than style. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the combined dataset of rpl32-trnL, trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL, and ITS sequences of the new species and 151 other species of Primulina Hance showed that the two populations of P. xingyiensis clustered into a clade, while it was most closely related to P. malingheensis. Following criteria D1 in the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the new species should be assessed as ‘vulnerable’ (VU).

Key words: Endemic species, Gesneriaceae, Karst, morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy


 Primulina xingyiensis  A plant B leaves C corolla D bracts E calyx lobes F corolla opened showing internal features G pistil and disc H stigma I stamens
(Drawn by Bai-Qiu He).  

 Primulina xingyiensis A habitat B plant C leaves D, E inflorescence F bracts G calyx lobes H front view of the corolla I corolla opened showing internal features J anthers K stamens L pistil and disc M fruits
(Photographed by Xin-Xiang Bai).

 Primulina xingyiensis X.X.Bai & F.Wen, sp. nov.
 
Diagnosis: The corolla morphology of Primulina xingyiensis is similar to that of P. davidioides, and the phylogenetic tree shows that its closest relative is P. malingheensis, but there are also clear differences in morphological characteristics between the three (Table 2, Fig. 4). Primulina xingyiensis can be distinguished from P. davidioides by the thinner and smaller leaves, slightly fleshy (vs. pachyphyllous, rigid and coriaceous when dry); the shorter peduncles, 0.5–4 cm long only [vs. 5–9(–12) cm long]; the fewer flowers, 1–6 flowers per cymes (vs. 5–9(–11) flowers per cymes); the smaller corolla, ca. 5 cm long (vs. ca. 6 cm long); the staminodes glabrous, central one ca. ...

Etymology: The specific epithet ‘xinyiensis’ refers to the type locality Xingyi. Its Chinese name is Xīng Yì Bào Chūn Jù Tái (兴义报春苣苔).


Jiang-Miao Gu, Song-Tao He, Fang Wen, Xin-Xiang Bai and Mei-Jun Li. 2025. Primulina xingyiensis (Gesneriaceae), A New Species in the Karst Landforms of Guizhou Province, China. PhytoKeys. 251: 1-12. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.251.135126 


[Crustacea • 2025] Cherax pulverulentus • A New freshwater Crayfish (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia

  

Cherax pulverulentus 
 Patoka, Akmal, Bláha & Kouba, 2025

 
Abstract
Cherax pulverulentus sp. nov. is a moderately-sized burrowing freshwater crayfish endemic to the streams west of the Ayamaru Lake in Bird's Head Peninsula (Framu Subdistrict, Southwest Papua Province), the Indonesian part of New Guinea. Although this species has been exploited in the ornamental aquarium trade at least for 21 years, it has not been formally named until now. Its commonly used commercial names in the pet trade are: “Hoa Creek”, “Irian Jaya”, or “Blue Moon” crayfish, but these names are also used for other more bluish or pinkish species of Cherax. Cherax pulverulentus sp. nov. is genetically and morphologically most similar to Cherax pulcher Lukhaup, 2015, but both species may be distinguished by several morphological characteristics and DNA sequence divergence, which support C. pulverulentus sp. nov. as a valid species.

Crustacea, Cherax, Parastacidae, New Guinea, taxonomy, morphology, phylogeny, pet trade, freshwater

Cherax pulverulentus sp. nov., holotype, adult male, MZB Cru5782, CL = 49 mm.

Cherax pulverulentus sp. nov.

Etymology. The meaning of the Latin term pulverulentus is “covered with dust” in reference to the many tiny dot-like spots on the carapace of the new species. 


Jiří PATOKA, Surya Gentha AKMAL, Martin BLÁHA and Antonín KOUBA. 2025. Cherax pulverulentus, A New freshwater Crayfish (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia.  Zootaxa. 5566(3); 522-534. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.4 

Friday, January 10, 2025

[PaleoBotany • 2024] Phoenicites insula-lacuna • A fossil pinnate palm leaf (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) from Island Lagoon, in the arid zone of South Australia

 

Phoenicites insula-lacuna D.R.Greenw. & Conran, 

in Greenwood et Conran, 2024.

ABSTRACT
Fossil pinnate palm leaves (Arecaceae, subfam. Arecoideae) are described from the Eocene or Miocene Island Lagoon fossil site near Woomera in the arid zone of South Australia. These leaves are described as a new species, Phoenicites insula-lacuna and shown to share morphological similarities to the extant genus Archontophoenix (subtr. Archontophoenicinae), endemic to eastern Australia. This fossil record constitutes a significant temporal and geographic range extension for Archontophoenicinae and likely Archontophoenix. The presence in Australia of Archontophoenicinae as early as the Eocene or more likely Miocene, is in accordance with molecular analyses that propose dispersal of this clade into Australia from New Guinea, with subsequent dispersal from Australia to New Caledonia and divergence of the Archontophoenix and Chambeyronia lineages during this interval of time. Previously reported co-occurring myrtaceous woody fruits from Island Lagoon and proximal-coeval silcrete floras previously referred to Angophora, Callistemon, Eucalyptus, Melaleuca and fossils of other sclerophyllous taxa such as Banksia are consistent with this palm being part of a landscape mosaic with riparian rainforest that included mesic plants growing within wider sclerophyllous forest or woodland vegetation comparable to the eastern coastal zone of modern-day Australia and the modern range of Archontophoenix.

KEYWORDS: Palm, Arecaceae, paleogene–neogene, Australia, Archontophoenix, silcrete macrofloras

Phoenicites insula-lacuna sp. nov. 
(A) Holotype P14209 showing whole specimen. (B) Paratype (P14467) with midvein at arrow. (C) Detail showing asymmetry of pinnae base (P14209). (D, E) Detail of mid-pinnae showing midvein and secondary veins (P14209). (F) Rachis (P14209) showing patterned surface corresponding to ‘brown spots’ similar to those of extant Archontophoenix spp. (G) Detail of mid-pinnae with arrow showing midvein (P14467).
Scale bars in cm. All photos by John G. Conran.

Order: Arecales Bromhead (1840)

Family Arecaceae Bercht. et Presl (1820), nom. cons. et nom. alt.
Subfamily Arecoideae Burnett (1835)

Fossil genus Phoenicites Brongn. emend Read and Hickey (Citation1972)

Type species Phoenicites pumila Brongniart, 1828, 
from the Eocene Brives region of France.

Phoenicites insula-lacuna D.R.Greenw. & Conran, sp. nov.  

Diagnosis: Pinnate leaf with 11 or more pinnae per side. Rachis straight, rounded, minutely tuberculate or dotted. Pinnae linear-lanceolate, subopposite, reduplicate, inserted in a single plane along the rachis at acute angles (17–34°; n = 10), with 6–8 prominent lateral secondary veins and narrower at the base than medially; bases asymmetrical, broader basioscopically.

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin for Island Lagoon, the fossil’s locality.

Location: Unnamed Tertiary unit at the decommissioned Island Lagoon tracking station, South Australia (31° 23′S, 136° 53′E, 139 m).


David R. Greenwood and John G. Conran. 2024. A fossil pinnate palm leaf (Arecaceae, subfam. Arecoideae) from Island Lagoon, in the arid zone of South Australia. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. DOI: doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2024.2403591