[Botany • 2018] Magnolia kachinensis (Magnoliaceae) • A New Species from northern Myanmar

Magnolia kachinensis  S.S.Zhou, Q.Liu & Sima

in Zhou, Tan, Li, et al., 2018. 

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.375.1.5 

 Researchgate.net/publication/328840044

Magnoliaceae include about 350 species that are widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions of Asia and the Americas, from near sea level to 3400 m elevation (Vázquez-García et al. 2016). Numerous phylogenetic studies of Magnoliaceae in the last two decades (Law 1984, Figlar & Nooteboom 2004, Xia et al. 2008, Sima & Lu. 2012, Kim & Suh 2013, Romanov & Dilcher 2013), have ultimately led to almost universal acceptance of the classification of Figar & Nooteboom (2004), consisting of only two genera: Liriodendron Linneaus (1753: 535) with only two species, and a broad concept of Magnolia Linneaus (1753: 535) including all other species. Myanmar currently has only 21 species of Magnolia (Govaerts et al. 2017).

Keywords: Magnolia kachinensis, Magnoliaceae, Magnoliids

    

Magnolia kachinensis.
A. Habit (leaves). B. Terminal bud and adaxial view of petioles. C. Branch apex with leaves and bud. D. Apical view of flower and front view of leaf. E. Lateral view of leaf. F. Flower. G. Carpels. H. Gynoecia and pistil group. I. Stamens. J. Tepals. K. Fruit. L. Seeds.

(Photographed by Shi-Shun Zhou and Qiang Liu). 

Magnolia kachinensis S.S.Zhou, Q.Liu & Sima, sp. nov.

Distribution and habitat:— Magnolia kachinensis is currently only known from Putao County, Kachin State, Myanmar. The new species was found in rainforest near by the river, mainly composed of Beilschmiedia robusta Allen (1942: 447), Syzygium xizangense Chang & Miao (1986: 343), Altingia excelsa Noronha (1790: 9), Elaeocarpus varunua Buchanan-Hamilton ex Masters (1874: 407), Musa itinerans Cheesman (1949: 23), Musa sanguinea Hooker (1872: 5895), Melocalamus compactiflorus (Kurz) Bentham (1883: 1212).

Etymology:— Referring to the type locality, Kachin State, Myanmar.



  


Shi-Shun Zhou, Yun-Hong Tan,  Ren Li, Rui-Chang Quan, Kyaw Win Maung, Qiang Liu and Yong-Kang Sima. 2018. Magnolia kachinensis (Magnoliaceae), A New Species from northern Myanmar. Phytotaxa. 375(1); 92–98.  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.375.1.5

 Researchgate.net/publication/328840044_Magnolia_kachinensis_a_new_species_from_northern_Myanmar

   

A New Tree Species of Magnolia Found in Northern Myanmar

 http://english.cas.cn/newsroom/research_news/201811/t20181114_201235.shtml

[Botany • 2025] Magnolia tapichalacaensis (Magnoliaceae: sect. Splendentes) • A New Species from the Andean foothills of Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador

 

 Magnolia tapichalacaensis  Á.J.Pérez & E.Rea,

in Pérez, Rea, Martínez, Hidalgo, F. Mendoza, R. Mendoza, Díaz, Archila, Burgess, Zenil-Ferguson et Vázquez-García, 2025. 

 DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.4.2 

 

Abstract

Magnolia tapichalacaensis is described from the cloud forest remnants of Quebrada Honda, Tapichalaca Reserve in the Zamora Chinchipe Province, south-east Ecuador. This species is characterized by its tomentose leaves and hypsophyll, flowers 5.6–7.5 cm in diameter with three sepals that are abaxially tomentose to villous and adaxially glabrous, petals 9–10, stamens 54–63, gynoecium densely tomentose with 4–5 carpels and densely tomentose ellipsoid fruits. An illustration, photos and a distribution map for the new species are provided. Relationships with other species are discussed, and preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered (CR) is assigned. Finally, an updated list of Ecuadorian magnolias is presented.

Andes, Cloud Forest remnants, Conservation, Jocotoco Foundation, Neotropical taxonomy, Tapichalaca Reserve, Magnoliids

 Magnolia tapichalacaensis.
A. Habit. B. Bark. C. Branches. D. Young branch showing the stipule and the annular stipular scar. E. Leaf and lateral veins. F. Underside of leaf showing the tomentose indumentum.

A–D from Pérez et al. 12679; E from Pérez et al. 12183; F from Pérez et al. 12684. Photographs by Álvaro J. Pérez.

 

 Magnolia tapichalacaensis.
 A. Hypsophyll. B. Flower bud without hypsophyll. C. Flower lateral view. D. Flower in male phase. E. Stamens with connectives. F. Immature fruit.

A, C–E from Jaramillo & Mendoza 3098; B from Pérez et al. 12684; F from Pérez et al. 12198. Photographs by Nelson Jaramillo (A, C–E) and Álvaro J. Pérez (B, F).

 

Magnolia tapichalacaensis Á.J.Pérez & E.Rea, sp. nov.  

Magnolia tapichalacaensis is like Magnolia bankardiorum Dillon & Sánchez Vega (2009: 7) and Magnolia lozanoi Vázquez & CastroArce in Vázquez-García et al. (2012: 114), but differs from these in several morphological features (Table 2).

Álvaro J. PÉREZ, Edison REA, Jennifer MARTÍNEZ, Fanny HIDALGO, Franco MENDOZA, Ramiro MENDOZA, Nelson Jaramillo DÍAZ, Fredy ARCHILA, Kevin S. BURGESS, Rosana ZENIL-FERGUSON, J. Antonio VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA. 2025. Magnolia tapichalacaensis (M. sect. Splendentes, Magnoliaceae), A New Species from the Andean foothills of Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador.  Phytotaxa. 716(4); DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.4.2  [2025-09-04]

[Botany • 2024] Magnolia corquinensis (Magnoliaceae: sect. Talauma) • A New Species from Antioquia Province, Colombia

Magnolia amalfiensis Serna, Cogollo & Velásquez, 

in Serna-González, Cogollo-Pacheco et Velásquez-Rúa, 2024. 

 DOI: 10.1007/s12228-024-09796-w 

 facebook.com/RAINFORproject

Abstract

A new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from Antioquia Province in Colombia is described and illustrated. Magnolia amalfiensis, known only from two small populations at elevations of 1,700–2,400 m in the Central Cordillera, is distinguished in having a gynoecium covered by sericeous pubescence, except at the apex of the stigmas. This species is similar to Magnolia henaoi, but the two species differ in number of bracts, size and number of petals, and number of carpels per fruit. Magnolia amalfiensis is placed in Section Talauma based on its stipules, which are adnate along the full length of the petiole, and its stamens, which lack a long filiform connective appendage. This new species increases the total number of Magnolia species from Colombia to 42, of which 15 occur in Antioquia Province. Information about the ecology and conservation status of the new species and its risk category, according to IUCN criteria, is also provided.

Keywords: Talauma, Neotropics, Andean forests, endangered species, extremely small populations

Magnolia amalfiensis.
A. Habitat. B. Trunk. C. Floral bud. D. Gynoecium. E. Detail of gynoecium. F. Herbarium specimen. G. Open fruit. H. Fruit receptacle.

Magnolia amalfiensis Serna, Cogollo & Velásquez sp. nov.

 

Marcela Serna-González, Álvaro Cogollo-Pacheco and Cesar Velásquez-Rúa. 2024. Magnolia amalfiensis, A New Species of Magnoliaceae from Antioquia Province, Colombia. Brittonia. DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s12228-024-09796-w

  facebook.com/RAINFORproject/posts/513467474526969

[Botany • 2024] Magnolia corquinensis (Magnoliaceae: sect. Magnolia) • A New Species and A New Record of Magnolia quetzal for Honduras

Magnolia corquinensis  

in Morales-Molina, Vega-Rodriǵuez, Shalisko, Alemán-Avilez et Vázquez-García. 2024.

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.642.2.7 

 facebook.com/inicio1914

 

Abstract

Magnolia corquinensis, M. sect. Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) is described and illustrated. A distribution map is provided. The species is critically endangered and endemic to Copán and Lempira, Honduras. It differs from M. celaquensis in many morphological features. In addition, Magnolia quetzal is recorded for the first for the flora of Honduras.

Magnoliids, Magnolia sect. Magnolia, Montaña de Celaque National Park, Talauma, Corquín

Magnolia corquinensis

Sobeida Morales-Molina, Hermes Vega-Rodriǵuez, Viacheslav Shalisko, Maryury Alemán-Avilez and J. Antonio Vázquez-García. 2024. A New Species, Magnolia corquinensis, and A New Record of Magnolia quetzal (Magnoliaceae) for Honduras.  Phytotaxa. 642(2); 191-200. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.642.2.7

  facebook.com/inicio1914/posts/10226989898228315

Researchgate.net/publication/379333159_A_new_species_Magnolia_corquinensis_from_Honduras

https://asomaincupaco.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2022_Reporte-Anual-PNGR-SINAPH.pdf

[Botany • 2022] Magnolia pajarito (Magnoliaceae: sect. Talauma) • A New Andean Species and A Key to the Species found in Colombia

Magnolia pajarito Aymard, Rodríguez-D. & M. Escobar., 

in Rodríguez-Duque, Escobar-Alba, García-González, Carvajal-Cogollo et Aymard-Corredor, 2022. 

 Harvard Papers in Botany. HUH.harvard.edu

 Researchgate.net/publication/366485135

  facebook.com/MuseoHistoriaNaturalLuisGonzaloAndrade

Abstract

 Magnolia pajarito, a new species from the Andean slopes of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, is described and illustrated, and its morphological relationships with other similar Magnolia species are discussed. This new species is a tree between 9 and 30 m tall from montane forest remnants and pasture lands with dispersal trees (1500–1700 m), and it does not appear to be closely allied to any particular Magnolia species. This new species shares several features with four other species (M. arcabucoana, M. caricifragans, M. santanderiana, and M. virolinensis) in section Talauma. Morphologically it has some similarity to M. arcabucoana, but it differs in the length of the adaxial scar of the petiole, the size and shape of the leaf blade, the sepal and inner petal, and in the number of secondary veins, vaginal hypsophyl, and stamens. Additionally, habitat information, a distribution map, and data on Magnolia conservation status are included. An identification key of species of Magnolia found in Colombia is also provided. This new species elevates to 40 the number of Magnolia taxa for the flora of Colombia, of which 31 are endemic. Colombia has the highest diversity of the genus in the neotropics. 

Keywords: Andean forests, Eastern Cordillera, Boyacá department, Colombia, Magnolia, Magnoliaceae 

Magnolia pajarito Aymard, Rodríguez-D. & M. Escobar.
A, Habit; B, Leaf adaxial size partially showing the canaliculate scar along the petiole; C, Leaf abaxial surface; D, Flower bud with spathaceous bract; E, Flower bud without spathaceous bract showing one of the sepals in the foreground; F, Flower, lateral view; G, Flower, upper view.

Photographs by D. Rodríguez-D.

Magnolia pajarito Aymard, Rodríguez-D. & M. Escobar, sp. nov.

 Magnolia pajarito belongs in M. sect. Talauma and is similar to M. arcabucoana. It differs from the latter in having leaf blades 7–17 × 2.5–10 cm, oblanceolate or obovateelliptic, midvein on the lower surface covered by erect and adpressed yellowish trichomes, more dense at the base, secondary veins 7–9; adaxial canaliculate scar along the entire lenght of the petiole, vaginal hypsophyl one, sepals widely ovate, 3.0–3.2 × ca. 2.0 cm, inner petals lanceolate, stamens 21–35 in 2 series, and 11–12 carpels (Table 1).

Etymology: Magnolia pajarito is named after Municipio Pajarito, Boyacá department, the type locality (Fig. 2–3). The Municipio Pajarito is located on the Andean slopes of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (“Cordillera Oriental”) in the southeastern portion of Boyacá Department. This region is well-known as a geostrategic territory for access from the Andes to the foothills (“piedemonte llanero”). The epithet also honors the civilian rural societies of Pajarito, who resisted with courage and wisdom more than three decades of armed conflict in their region (for a review see Díaz-Bonilla, 2019).

 

 

Dayro L. Rodríguez-Duque, Magda Escobar-Alba, Juan D. García-González, Juan E. Carvajal-Cogollo, and Gerardo A. Aymard-Corredor. 2022. A New Andean Species of Magnolia (section Talauma, Magnolioideae, Magnoliaceae), and A Key to the Species found in Colombia. Harvard Papers in Botany 131.   HUH.harvard.edu/pdf-downloads

  facebook.com/MuseoHistoriaNaturalLuisGonzaloAndrade/posts/686355549943682

  facebook.com/AriadnaValenzuelaZuniga16/posts/8603763182997139

 Researchgate.net/publication/366485135_Magnolia_pajarito

Resumen: Magnolia pajarito una nueva especie de las vertientes de la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes de Colombia, es descrita, ilustrada y se discuten sus relaciones morfológicas con otras especies similares. Esta nueva especie es un árbol entre 9 y 30 m de altura, que se encuentra en remanentes de bosques montanos y con árboles dispersos (1500–1700 m) y aparentemente no esta cercanamente relacionada con ninguna especie en particular de Magnolia. M. pajarito comparte algunos caracteres con cuatro especies (M. arcabucoana, M. caricifragans, M. santanderiana y M. virolinensis) de la sección Talauma. Sin embargo, morfológicamente, tiene cierta similaridad con M. arcabucoana, de la cual difiere en el largo de la cicatriz adaxial del pecíolo, en el tamaño y forma de la hoja, sépalos y pétalos internos y en el número de las venas secundarias, hipsófilos vaginales y estambres. Adicionalmente, se incluye información del hábitat, un mapa de distribución, datos acerca del estado de conservación de Magnolia y una clave para la identificación de las especies de Magnolia presentes en Colombia. Esta nueva especie eleva actualmente en 40 el número de especies para la flora de Colombia, 31 son endémicas. Colombia es el país con la mayor diversidad del género en el neotropico. Palabras clave: Bosques andinos, Cordillera Oriental, departamento de Boyacá, Colombia, Magnolia, Magnoliaceae

[Botany • 2019] Magnolia napoensis (Magnoliaceae: sect. Talauma) • A New Species from the Amazonian Lowlands of Ecuador and Peru

Magnolia napoensis F.Arroyo, Á.J.Pérez & A.Vázquez,

in Arroyo, Pérez, Machoa, ... et Vázquez-García, 2019.

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.427.4.2 

 Researchgate.net/publication/338229335 

 

Abstract

Magnolia napoensis, a new species from the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador and Peru is described and illustrated. This species belongs to subsection Talauma; it is similar to M. rimachii in leaf shape but differs from the latter in being taller with a larger diameter and having fewer lateral leaf veins, more numerous hypsophylls, larger flowers, longer outer petals, more numerous stamens and fruits ovoid and ribbed vs. subglobose and smooth. The new species differs from M. neillii by its leaves with fewer lateral veins, glabrous petioles and terminal internodes, more numerous hypsophylls, fewer stamens and ovoid fruits of smaller size, with fewer carpels. Magnolia napoensis is assessed as endangered (EN B2ab(iii)) in accordance with the IUCN criteria.

Keywords: Amazonian lowlands, Ecuador, Magnolia, Peru, Talauma, Magnoliids

FIGURE 3. Magnolia napoensis F.Arroyo, Á.J.Pérez & A.Vázquez.
A. Habit. B. Bract in flower bud. C. Flower bud. D. Leaves with flower at female phase. E. Efrén Merino climbing the trunk. F. Flower at female phase. G. Stamens and stigmas.

 Photographs A-G by Alex Dahua, December 2015, at Sarayaku, Pastaza, Ecuador, Dahua-Machoa et al. 2.

FIGURE 4. Magnolia napoensis F.Arroyo, Á.J.Pérez & A.Vázquez.
A. Sepals (upper row) and petals (middle and lower row); B-C Fruit. D. Fruit axis with seeds hanging from a thread-like white funiculum. E. Fruit starting dehiscing. F. Fruit showing circumscissile dehiscence. G. Fruit axis without seeds.

Magnolia napoensis F.Arroyo, Á.J.Pérez & A.Vázquez, sp. nov.

Etymology and ethnobotany:—This species is named after Napo province, Ecuador, where the type material and other collections are located. It is known locally in Kichwa as “ahuayura” (large tree). No use has been recorded for this species. 

Frank Arroyo, Álvaro J. Pérez, Alex Dahua Machoa, David A. Neill, Alondra Salome Ortega-Peña and J. Antonio Vázquez-García. 2019. Magnolia napoensis (Subsect. Talauma, Magnoliaceae): A New Species from the Amazonian Lowlands of Ecuador and Peru. Phytotaxa. 427(4); 239–248. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.427.4.2

Researchgate.net/publication/338229335_Magnolia_napoensis_a_new_species_from_the_Amazonian_lowlands_of_Ecuador_and_Peru

   facebook.com/inicio1914/posts/10217282278023877

[Botany • 2021] Magnolia zotictla (Magnoliaceae: sect. Macrophylla) • A New Species from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental, México

Magnolia zotictla A.Sánch.-Gonz., Gut.-Lozano & A.Vázquez, 

in Sánchez-González, Gutiérrez-Lozano, Yescas, ... et Vázquez-García, 2021.

 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.4.1

 

Abstract

A new species of Magnolia from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico, is described and illustrated, providing information about its habitat distribution, ecology, biogeography and conservation status. After 12 fieldwork expeditions near the border of the states of Hidalgo and Puebla, we have developed morphological, ecological and biogeographic data to support recognition of populations from Acaxochitlán, Hidalgo and Pahuatlán, Puebla as a distinct species of Magnolia sect. Macrophylla. A key to species of this section and a distribution map for Mexican taxa are provided. The species was assessed as critically endangered (CR).

Keywords: Cloud-forest species, Mexican endemic, Mexican flora, Magnolia dealbata 

Magnolia zotictla A.Sánch.-Gonz., Gut.-Lozano & A.Vázquez, spec. nov. 

 Type:—MEXICO. Hidalgo: Municipality Acaxochitlán, Zotictla, 0.3 km al SE de San Miguel del Resgate, bosque mesófilo de montaña, 1743 m, 20°13’32.5”N, 98°09’48”W, 5 May 2021 (fl & fr) Gutiérrez-Lozano et al. 10186 (holotype: HGOM; isotypes: ENCB, IBUG, OAX).

 Magnolia zotictla is morphologically more similar to the distant M. dealbata than to nearby M. rzedowskiana. It shares with the former habit size and large, deciduous, abaxially glaucous leaves. However, it differs from M. dealbata in having pubescent pedicels (vs. glabrescent), flowers with sepals erect (uncurled) at female phase (vs. curling outwards with petals maintaining a compact oblong conic shape), most petals strongly curled outward (vs. occasionally curling), stamens 1.3–1.8 (vs. 1.9–2.1 cm long), stigmas crowded, strongly curved outward and covering the carpels (vs. loose, slightly curved outward and exposing the carpels), young fruits velvety (vs. glabrescent), mature fruits pinkish-purplish to dark red (vs. dark greenish to yellowish), carpels densely pubescent (vs. glabrescent) and carpel beak acuminate to caudate with the stigmatic tip sometimes persistent during dehiscence (vs. acute to blunt with a deciduous stigmatic tip).

Ethnobotany:—In the ancient cultures of America and Asia, magnolias were known for their ornamental and pharmacological use, essentially to alleviate various types of human pathologies (Pfaffman 1975, Dodd 1980, Gutiérrez-Carvajal 1993, Gutiérrez and Vovides 1997, Satyajiy et al. 2002, Vázquez-García et al. 2015). This species is known locally as magnolia, eloxóchitl or yeloxóchitl (cornflower in Náhuatl), and its showy and fragrant flowers are usually collected for sale locally. The most important use in the region is to prepare floral infusions to treat heart problems, nerve problems and scars. It is also used as an ornamental plant. A few people from Santa Catarina, Toxtla and Zotictla sell the petals largely on Sunday in the local markets of Hidalgo (Actopan, Pachuca, San Miguel Resgate and Tulancingo), Puebla (Honey, Pahuatlán), Veracruz (Poza Rica and Tuxpan), and Mexico City (Sonora traditional market). A kg of petals sells at $4–6 USD for use as infusions.

Arturo Sánchez-González, Marisol Gutiérrez-Lozano, Reyna Domínguez Yescas, Adriana Gisela Hernández-Álvarez, A. Salomé Ortega-Peña and J. Antonio Vázquez-García. 2021. Magnolia zotictla (Magnolia sect. Macrophylla, Magnoliaceae): A New Species from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental, México. Phytotaxa. 513(4); 271-281. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.4.1

Resumen: Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Magnolia del sur de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México, proporcionando información sobre su distribución, hábitat, ecología, biogeografía y estado de conservación de la especie. A través de 12 expediciones de trabajo de campo cerca de la frontera de los estados de Hidalgo y Puebla, se recabaron datos morfológicos, ecológicos y biogeográficos que apoyan el reconocimiento de las poblaciones de Acaxochitlán, Hidalgo y Pahuatlán, Puebla como una especie distintiva de Magnolia de la sección Macrophylla. Se proporciona una clave de las especies de esta sección y un mapa de distribución de los taxones mexicanos. La especie fue evaluada como en peligro crítico (CR). 

Palabras clave: flora del bosques nuboso, Especie endémica mexicana, flora mexicana, Magnolia dealbata

[Botany • 2020] Magnolia poqomchi (Magnoliaceae) • A New Species of Magnolia Subsection Magnolia from San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala

Magnolia poqomchi M.J.Serrano & A.Vázquez 

in Serrano, Grajeda-Estrada, ... et Vázquez-García, 2020. 

 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.1

 

Abstract

In the last decade, several species of magnolias have been described for Guatemala, five of which are found in Alta Verapaz, where, during an exploratory survey, we found a specimen that did not correspond morphologically to any previously reported species. To obtain material and determine phenology, several individuals were monitored for a year. Here, we describe this as a new species of Magnolia subsection Magnolia (Magnoliaceae). It is distributed in the cloud forest of San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, and is culturally important for the local villagers. It differs from other similar species, M. montebelloensis and M. tribouillierana, in having an abruptly acuminate leaf apex (drip tip), larger flowers, purple staminophores and more stamens, among other traits. According to IUCN criteria, Magnolia poqomchi is critically endangered [B1ab (iii), B2ab (iii)]. Additionally, we include a dichotomous key and distribution map for the genus in Guatemala. Taking this record into account, there are a total of ten native species reported for Guatemala, making it an important centre of species diversity for magnolias.

FIGURE 2. Magnolia poqomchi M.J.Serrano & A.Vázquez.
 A. Tree, standing below is Rafael Grajeda-Estrada. B. Andrés Villalobos & Marcelo J. Serrano collecting flowering material. C. Leaves and stipules at the treetop. D. Flower bud with spathaceous bract and axillary stipules. Photographs by Rafael Grajeda-Estrada of the holotype individual.

FIGURE 4. Magnolia poqomchi M.J.Serrano & A.Vázquez.
 A. Flower bud with hirsute spathaceous bract. B. Closed flower. C. Flower during male phase. D. Flower after male phase, dropping the stamens. E. Late flower, after male phase. F. Gynoecium with yellowish green stigmas. Photographs by Rafael Grajeda-Estrada from holotype.

Magnolia poqomchi M.J.Serrano & A.Vázquez, sp. nov.  

Magnolia poqomchi resembles M. montebelloensis in the size of their leaves, similar stipules and the number of carpels in the fruit. However, it differs from the latter in having an abruptly acuminate a leaf apex (drip-tip) vs. acute; more numerous lateral leaf vein pairs, 13–17 vs. 11–12; longer peduncular internodes in mature polyfollicles, 1.9–2.6 vs. 1.0–1.5 cm; spathaceous bracts 2 vs. 3; wider sepals, 3.7–4.6 vs. 2.7–2.8 cm, and tepals, 3.0–5.7 vs. 2.0–2.7 cm; staminophores purple vs reddish, more numerous stamens, 92–94 vs. (53)60–66(85) and shorter polyfollicles, 3.8–5.2 vs. 5.4–6.3 cm. It also differs from M. tribouillierana in having a leaf apex abruptly acuminate (drip tip) vs. acute; larger leaves, 15.7–22.5 × 5–8.2 vs. 6.0–10.0 × 3.0–5.0 cm; spathaceous bracts pubescent vs. glabrous; longer sepals, 4.7–5.8 vs. 4.0–4.5 cm, and tepals, 4.7–7.4 vs.4.4–5.4 cm, more numerous stamens, 92–94 vs.80–90; shorter polyfollicles 3.8–5.2 vs.5.0–7.5 cm and fewer follicles 22–38 vs. 42–46.

....

Eponymy:— Named after the Poqomchi’ Mayan people, for whom it is culturally important. This ethnic group lives in several municipalities of Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz Departments including the complete known distribution of this species. It is traditionally used as ornament, for construction of doors and furniture and as a source of general timber because of its durable wood. 

FIGURE 5. Magnolia poqomchi M.J.Serrano & A.Vázquez.
 A–C. Fruit maturation to dehiscence. Photographs by Rafael Grajeda-Estrada & Marcelo J. Serrano, A & C from the holotype; B from paratype.

   

 

Marcelo José Serrano, Rafael Grajeda-Estrada, Andrés Villalobos, María Renée Álvarez-Ruano and J. Antonio Vázquez-García. 2020. Magnolia poqomchi, A New Species of Subsection Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Phytotaxa. 454(4); 231–243. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.1

     

    

[Botany • 2020] Magnolia ottoi (Magnoliaceae) • A New Species from Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala: Conservation and Mayan Q’eqchi ‘ Ethnotaxonomy

Magnolia ottoi A. Vázquez, Tribouillier & Archila

in Vázquez-García, Tribouillier-Navas, Archila & Véliz-Pérez, 2020. 

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.455.3.1 

 facebook.com/inicio1914

Abstract

A new species of Magnolia subsect. Talauma (“jomcoj”), Magnolia ottoi, is described and illustrated. The conservation status of this new species is proposed as critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria. An identification key and a map with the distribution of the new species and other species of Magnolia subsect. Talauma from Guatemala and neighboring areas (Honduras and Chiapas, México) is also presented. Our field research also unveiled the Mayan Q’eqchi’ ancestral taxonomic knowledge which differentiates magnolias of two different subsections, Magnolia and Talauma, based on wood quality and properties. They consistently distinguished them as “coj” and “jomcoj” respectively.

Keywords: Magnolia subsect. Talauma, Magnolia steyermarkii, Magnolia quetzal, Magnolia ottoi, Magnolia atlantida, Magnolia cochranei, Magnolia lacandonica, Magnolia perezfarrerae, Mayan Q’eqchi’, Magnoliids

FIGURE 2. Magnolia ottoi. Material from the holotype, except O, collected by Otto Alvarado (recorded by Tribouillier & Archila MG007). A. Sepals. B. Outer petals. C. Inner petals. D. Stamens. E. Gynoecium. F–G. Spathaceous bracts. H. Leaf. I. Inner fleshy petal, top view. J. Inner fleshy petal, side view. K. Developing gynoecium. L. Icon of M. ottoi (with flattened whorls). M. Bract of inner floral bud. N. Fruit pubescence. O. Fruit, P. Fruit axis, without seeds. Photographs by Fredy Archila.

FIGURE 3. Magnolia ottoi. A. Fruit in the process of drying. Material collected by Otto Alvarado (recorded by Tribouillier & Archila MG-007). B. Inner side of the Fruit during dehiscence. C. Dorsal side of fruit. D. Carpels splitting and leaving the fruit axis with seeds still attached. E. Seed with red sarcotesta. Photographs by Fredy Archila. 

Magnolia ottoi A. Vázquez, Tribouillier & Archila sp. nov. 

 Type: GUATEMALA. Baja Verapaz: Purulhá. 2 km south of Purulhá, 1600 m, moist-subtropical cloud forest, July 2015 (fl), Otto Alvarado (recorded by Tribouillier & Archila MG-005) (holotype BIGU; Isotype IBUG). 

Magnolia ottoi is similar in leaf shape to M. steyermarkii but it differs from the latter in the size of its leaves (leaf length to width ratio: 1.83–2.22 vs. 1.50–1.76) and flowers (20.2–22.2 cm vs. 12.0–13.0 cm in diameter) and the number of bracts (2 vs. 1); stamens (102–108 vs. 75–78) and carpels (38–50 vs. 30–32). Also the carpels of M. ottoi are beaked vs. acute in M. steyermarkii

Etymology and ethnobotany:— The species epithet honors Otto Alvarado, collector of the species. The ancestral Mayan (Q’eqchi ‘) understanding of Magnoliaceae includes recognizing species of different sections classifying them as Coj (sect. Magnolia) and Jomcoj (sect. Talauma). When visiting one of the ranches one of the companions proceeded to show us two wood planks indicating that the trees of the subsect. Magnolia (Coj) had a high-quality wood, while the trees of the subsect. Talauma (Jomcoj) was considered bad wood for construction because its fibers are not strong enough and it was easily cracked, so they rather use them as firewood for cooking. 

Distribution and ecology:— Magnolia ottoi is endemic to Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala (Fig. 1). Only known from the type locality. Although 5 km from the type locality, in the Biotope of the Quetzal Mario Dary-Rivera, Fredy Archila and Erick Tribouillier observed several juvenile plants of Magnolia, these had very large leaves and possibly correspond to this new species. The only known trees (3) inhabit very humid forests at three different elevations 1550– 1650 m, pp 2284 mm, t 16–230 C; wavy topography. Common species include: Liquidambar styraciflua Linnaeus (1753: 999), Persea donnell-smithii Mez (1892: 113), Pinus pseudostrobus Brongniart (1828: 46), Persea schiedeana Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 130), Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz López & Pavón 1798: 280) Mez (1901: 429), Clethra spp., Morella cerífera (L.) Small (1903: 337), Eurya seemanniana Pittier (1922: 480), Pouteria viridis (Pittier 1914: 84) Cronquist (1946: 290) and Magnolia archilana A.Vázquez, Tribouill. & Véliz in Vázquez-García et al. (2019: 222). Flowering in March, and fruiting from March to April.

FIGURE 1. Distribution of species of Magnolia sect. Talauma in Guatemala and adjacent countries.

J. Antonio Vázquez-García, Erick Tribouillier-Navas, Fredy Archila and Mario Esteban Véliz-Pérez. 2020. Magnolia ottoi (Magnoliaceae) A New Species from Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala: Conservation and Mayan Q’eqchi ‘ Ethnotaxonomy. Phytotaxa. 455(3); 187–195. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.455.3.1

Researchgate.net/publication/343602821_Magnolia_ottoi_a_new_species_from_Purulha_Baja_Verapaz_Guatemala 

  facebook.com/inicio1914/posts/10219305320038663

[Botany • 2019] Magnolia frontinoensis (Magnoliaceae) • A New Species from Cordillera Occidental, Colombia

Magnolia frontinoensis Cogollo, Hoyos-Gómez & Serna

in Cogollo-Pacheco, Hoyos-Gómez & Serna-González, 2019.

DOI: 10.1007/s12228-018-9554-0

Abstract

A new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae), from Antioquia Province, Colombia is described. Magnolia frontinoensis, only known from a restricted area of the Western Cordillera, from 1700–1940 m, is recognized by the lamina bases decurrent and revolute, and the fruits small (11.7–29 × 8.4–21.5 mm). Besides the new species, two new records for Colombia are presented: Magnolia gloriensis, initially known to be found in Central America, from Nicaragua to Panama, it is now recorded in the Pacific region of Colombia. Also, M. venezuelensis, only known from the type collection in Venezuela [Lara region], is now recorded in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. With these new records, the number of Magnolia species in Colombia increases to 38.

Keywords: Dugandiodendron, Panama, National Natural Park Las Orquídeas, Talauma, Venezuela 

Magnolia frontinoensis Cogollo, Hoyos-Gómez & Serna, sp nov.

Etymology. — The specific epithet is dedicated to the municipality of Frontino (Antioquia), where this species was collected with flowers for the first time in 1987 and 25 years later, it was found with fruits.

Álvaro Cogollo-Pacheco, Saúl E. Hoyos-Gómez and Marcela Serna-González. 2019. Una nueva especie y otros registros de Magnoliaceae para Colombia [A New Species and Other Records of Magnoliaceae for Colombia]. Brittonia. 71(1); 32–38.  DOI: 10.1007/s12228-018-9554-0

Researchgate.net/publication/330251166_Una_nueva_especie_y_otros_registros_de_Magnoliaceae_para_Colombia

Resumen: Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Magnolia frontinoensis, conocida solo de un área restringida de la Cordillera Occidental, entre 1700–2000 m. Se distingue por presentar la base de la lámina foliar decurrente y revoluta, y los frutos pequeños (1.15–3 cm de largo, 0.8–2.15 cm de diámetro). Adicionalmente, se presentan dos nuevos registros para Colombia: Magnolia gloriensis, especie distribuida en Centro América, desde Nicaragua hasta Panamá, ahora registrada para la región del Pacífico colombiano y M. venezuelensis, conocida solo de la colección tipo de Venezuela [región de Lara], colectada en la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Con estos nuevos registros, asciende a 38 el número de especies de Magnolia para Colombia.

Palabras claves: Dugandiodendron, Panamá, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas, Talauma, Venezuela

[Botany • 2019] Magnolia dixonii (M. subsect. Talauma, Magnoliaceae) • Rediscovered at Tesoro Escondido Reserve in the Biogeographic Chocó of Ecuador

Magnolia dixonii (Little) Govaerts

in Morelos-Juárez, Giler-Mejía, ... et Vázquez-García, 2019. 

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.427.4.8 

facebook.com/inicio1914

Magnolia dixonii (Little 1969: 457) Govaerts in Frodin & Govaerts (1996: 70) has been rediscovered by botanists and conservationists in November, 2017, at the Tesoro Escondido Reserve, a private reserve conserving 2000 ha of primary rainforest in the highly threatened Ecuadorian Chocó, protecting critically endangered species such as the Ecuadorian brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps). Magnolia dixonii had not been seen in the half a century since its discovery at Hoja Blanca-Gualpi, Esmeraldas Province, northwestern Ecuador.

FIGURE 1. Magnolia dixonii. A. Tree. B. Fruit with inconspicuous carpels. C. Flower bud. D. Fruits and fruit axis with extended dorsal walls. E. Trunk. F. Inner petal and seed. G. Dehiscing fruit with seeds. H. Fruit showing the apex of carpels on dorsal walls. I. Fruit with most seeds removed.

Citlalli Morelos-Juárez, Yasela Yadira Giler-Mejía, David A. Neill, R. Efrén Merino-Santi and J. Antonio Vázquez-García. 2019. Magnolia dixonii (M. subsect. Talauma, Magnoliaceae) Rediscovered at Tesoro Escondido Reserve in the Biogeographic Chocó of Ecuador. Phytotaxa. 427(4);291–295. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.427.4.8  

facebook.com/inicio1914/posts/10217284843208005

[Botany • 2019] Manglietia pubipedunculata (Magnoliaceae) • A New Species from Yunnan, China

Manglietia pubipedunculata Q. W. Zeng & X. M. Hu 

in Hu, Zeng, Liu, et al., 2019. 

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210254 

Abstract

A new species, Manglietia pubipedunculata Q. W. Zeng & X. M. Hu (Magnoliaceae) is described and illustrated from Yunnan, China. In addition to macromorphological examination, we comparatively studied on micromorphology of leaf epidermis, leaf structure, and epidermal cell on the sclerotesta. This new species is similar to M. kwangtungensis in terms of having dense pubescence, however, their pubescence are quite different. Manglietia pubipedunculata has appressed, compressed, shorter and sparser pubescence consisting of single or two cells. Moreover, it differs from M. kwangtungensis by showing shorter and thicker peduncles, longer styles, basal carpels covered with sparsely brown appressed pubescence, and more ovules per carpel. Furthermore, the new species has thinner leaves, brown and rugged surfaces on sclerotesta, and the alveolate cell pattern consisting of pentagon or hexagon cells with papilla on secondary cell wall under the observation by SEM. The phylogenetic analysis from two nuclear PHYA and LEAFY and chloroplast trnH-psbA sequences of 11 taxa reveals that M. pubipedunculata is a distinct species.

Fig 1. Manglietia pubipedunculata.
 A, flower branch; B, flower bract; C, outer tepal; D, mid tepal; E-F, inner tepal; G, gynoecium with stamens; H, gynoecium; I, longitudinal section of gynoecium; J, longitudinal section of carpel; K, stamens; L, fruit aggregate. 

Fig 2. Images of living plants of Manglietia pubipedunculata [A-D, G, I] and M. kwangtungensis [E, F, H]. 

 A, habit; B-C, flower; D-E, flower bud; F-G, gynoecium; H-I, fruit aggregate.

Manglietia pubipedunculata Q. W. Zeng & X. M. Hu, sp. nov.

Type. CHINA. Yunnan Province, Wenshan Prefecture, Maguan County, Miechang Town, Daxinzhai Village, ..., evergreen broad-leaved forests, alt. 1453 m, ..., 14 May 2004, Q. W. Zeng 89 (holotype: IBSC). The same locality, 9 September 2003, Q. W. Zeng 80 (paratype: IBSC).

Diagnosis: Species M. kwangtungensis affinis, a qua ramulis, gemmis, petiolis, foliis subtus pedunculisque dense appresse brunneo-pubescentibus, veins reticulatis inconspicuis, tepalis 10−11, 3 exterioribus 8.8−9.8 cm longis et 3.8−4.8 cm latis, carpellis 39, basi sparse appresse pubescentibus, stylis 7−8 mm, pedunculis gracilibus 5.5−7.5 cm longis et 7−8 mm latis, folliculorum rostris 3–5 mm longis differt.

Distribution and habitat: Manglietia pubipedunculata is so far known only from a single location in Maguan County, the southeast of Yunnan Province. It grows in evergreen broad-leaved forests at 1400−1600 m with M. megaphylla, M. ovoidea and Alnus nepalensis, etc.

      

 Xiao-Min Hu, Qing-Wen Zeng, Ya-Si Liu, Lin Fu, Ru-Chun Xi, Hong-Feng Chen and Xiao-Mei Deng. 2019. Manglietia pubipedunculata (Magnoliaceae), A New Species from Yunnan, China. PLoS ONE. 14(3): e0210254. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210254