[Botany • 2026] Cryptanthus pataxoanus & C. beuckeri • Two Ornamental Species of Cryptanthus (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) on the brink of Extinction: A New Species and its congener from the 19th century

 

Cryptanthus pataxoanus  Forzza & Leme,

in Leme, Fernandez, Fontana, Almeida et Forzza, 2026. 

DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.763.3.1 

Abstract

The authors describe and illustrate a new species of Cryptanthus, C. pataxoanus, found within the Monte Pascoal National and Historical Park, and present new data on its closest morphological relative, C. beuckeri, both endemic to the Atlantic Forest of the state of Bahia, Brazil, and assessed as Critically Endangered (CR). The new taxon represents one of the most ornamental discoveries in recent years due to its marbled foliage, with contrasting greenish-yellow and dark green colors, which is similar to C. beuckeri. The main differences between C. pataxoanus and its closest relative include leaf blades not petiolate or the basal ones sometimes subpetiolate, the much broader portion of the blades distinctly longer, the narrower sepals covered by brown-centered trichomes, and petals without glandulose trichomes. The discovery of the new species results from cooperative work with the Pataxó indigenous community living in Barra Velha and Barra Velha do Monte Pascoal Indigenous Lands, located within the boundaries of the Monte Pascoal National and Historical Park. It symbolizes the inexhaustible richness of the Brazilian biodiversity in general and the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia in particular, despite its current coexistence with high levels of threat.

Monocots, Atlantic Forest, Monte Pascoal National and Historical Park, morphology, taxonomy

Cryptanthus pataxoanus (Umburanas 141):
A, B. Details of the population at the type locality. C. Habit. Photos: S. Caram (A, B); E. Leme (C).

Cryptanthus pataxoanus (Umburanas 141):
A. Elongate stem. B. Details of the marginal spines. C. Inflorescence. D. Details of the inflorescence. E–O. Perfect flower. E. Floral bracts of the basal fascicles. F. Sepals. G. Petal and stamens. H. Stigma. I. Frontal view of the anther just before anthesis. J. Abaxial view of the anther just before the anthesis. K. Basal fascicle. L. Flower. M. Basal portion of the petal and stamens. N. Details of the apex of the sepals. O. Longitudinal cross section of the ovary. P–T. Staminate flower: P. Flower of the inner portion of the inflorescence. Q. Floral bract. R. Details of the apex of the sepal. S. Sepals. T. Longitudinal cross section of the ovary.

 Photos: E. Leme. Bars: A = 2 cm; B, C, K, L, P = 1 cm; D–G, M–O, Q–T = 5 mm; H–J = 1 mm.

 Cryptanthus pataxoanus Forzza & Leme, sp. nov.  

Diagnosis:—This new species can be distinguished from its morphologically closest relative, Cryptanthus beuckeri, by the leaf blades not petiolate or the basal ones sometimes subpetiolate, with subpetioles gradually merging into the much broader distal portion (vs. always distinctly petiolate, with petioles strongly contrasting with the much broader distal portion); the much broader portion of the blades longer (20–30 cm vs. 10–20 cm long); sepals with narrower lobes (vs. 2–2.5 mm vs. 3.5–4 mm wide) covered by distinctly brown-centered trichomes (vs. trichomes white); and petals without glandulose trichomes (vs. adaxially bearing glandulose trichomes).

Etymology:—The name of this new species honors the Pataxó indigenous people. They belong to the Macro-Jê linguistic family and have a long history of resistance, facing challenges such as reclaiming their traditional lands and promoting the value of their culture since the 16th century. The Pataxó predominantly inhabit the extreme south of Bahia, which includes the area of the Monte Pascoal National and Historical Park where the Barra Velha and Barra Velha do Monte Pascoal Indigenous Lands are located. They maintain strong traditions, such as the Patxohã language, rituals (like the Awê), and the use of body paintings that serve as cultural identifiers, in addition to promoting the conservation of the environment within their traditional natural territory.

A. Watercolor by the botanical artist Paulo Ormindo, depicting Cryptanthus pataxoanus.
B. Presentation of the C. pataxoanus and the original watercolor depicting the species during the ceremony commemorating the 64th anniversary of the creation of the Monte Pascoal National and Historical Park, as well as the reopening of the Visitor Center, by the Pataxó indigenous people who participated in the discovery.

A. Watercolor by the botanical artist Paulo Ormindo, depicting Cryptanthus pataxoanus. B. Presentation of the C. pataxoanus and the original watercolor depicting the species during the ceremony commemorating the 64th anniversary of the creation of the Monte Pascoal National and Historical Park, as well as the reopening of the Visitor Center, by the Pataxó indigenous people who participated in the discovery.
C–F. Illegal selective logging and habitat degradation associated with mule trampling used for clandestine timber extraction inside the park. Photos: R.C. Forzza (B); C. Rodrigues (C, D, E, F).

ELTON M. C. LEME, EDUARDO P. FERNANDEZ, ANDRÉ P. FONTANA, PEDRO S. DE ALMEIDA and RAFAELA C. FORZZA. 2026. Two Ornamental Species of Cryptanthus (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) on the brink of Extinction: A New Species and its congener from the 19th century.  Phytotaxa. 763(3); 201-218. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.763.3.1  [2026-06-24]

[Botany • 2026] Nymphoides crucioides, N. miniata, N. thailandica, ... • Integration of Cytogenetics and Morphology for the Taxonomic Revision of Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae) in Thailand including Five New Species

 

Nymphoides miniata Noppornch. & Suwanph.,

in Suwanphakdee, Nopporncharoenkul et Hodkinson, 2026. 

DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2026.104044 

facebook.com: Flora of Thailand

Highlights: 

• A full revision of Thai Nymphoides based on morphology and cytogenetic evidence is provided.

• Cytogenetic and morphological evidence supports Nymphoides species boundaries.

• Ten Nymphoides species are described in Thailand, including five new endemic species

Abstract 

A taxonomic revision of Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae) in Thailand was undertaken using cytogenetics and morphology. Specimens were collected throughout Thailand. Cytogenetic analyses were conducted on living collections. The morphological characters used in the descriptions of all taxa were measured from living specimens, which were subsequently maintained for ex-situ conservation. We provide a new generic description, a key to species, and descriptions of all species. Line drawings are provided for the five new species and color photographic illustrations are provided for all taxa. Herbarium voucher specimens were prepared and deposited in Thai herbaria. Ten species are recognized in Thailand, including five new species described in the present study for the first time, namely Nymphoides chumphonense, N. crucioides, N. miniata, N. thailandica and N. thungyaiense. Cytogenetic evidence supports the proposed species boundaries of Thai Nymphoides.

 

Keywords: Aquatic plants, Terrarium plants, Tropical plants, Wetland

Nymphoides chumphonense Suwanph. 

Nymphoides crucioides Suwanph. & Hodk. 

Nymphoides miniata Noppornch. & Suwanph. 

Nymphoides thungyaiense Suwanph & Noppornch. 

 Nymphoides thailandica Suwanph. 

 

Chalermpol Suwanphakdee, Nattapon Nopporncharoenkul and Trevor R. Hodkinson. 2026. Integration of Cytogenetics and Morphology for the Taxonomic Revision of Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae) in Thailand including Five New Species. Aquatic Botany. 207, 104044. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2026.104044 

 facebook.com/100076669068795/posts/1042839654948327

🌸 มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ พบบัวบาชนิดใหม่ของโลก 5 ชนิด จากแหล่งน้ำของประเทศไทย บ่งชี้ถึงความร่ำรวยทรัพยากรพืชของไทย และความสำคัญของงานวิจัยวิทยาศาสตร์พื้นฐาน ของสถาบันการศึกษา💚

นักวิจัย มก นำโดย รศ.ดร. เฉลิมพล สุวรรณภักดี จากภาควิชาพฤกษศาสตร์ คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ ค้นพบบัวบาชนิดใหม่ของโลกจำนวน 5 ชนิด โดยตีพิมพ์เผยแพร่การค้นพบนี้ในวารสาร Aquatic Botany ฉบับปี 2026 การค้นพบครั้งนี้เป็นการบูรณาการวิจัยร่วมระหว่างหน่วยงานซึ่งประกอบด้วย ดร. ณัฐพล นพพรเจริญกุล นักวิจัย จากองค์การพิพิธภัณฑ์วิทยาศาสตร์แห่งชาติ (อพวช) และ Prof. Dr. Trevor R. Hodkinson จากทรินิตี้คอลเลจ มหาวิทยาลัยแห่งกรุงดับลิน ประเทศไอร์แลนด์ โดยเป็นการบูรณาการวิจัยร่วมทางด้านอนุกรมวิธานพืช สัณฐานวิทยาและเซลล์วิทยา 

.

รศ.ดร. เฉลิมพล สุวรรณภักดี  กล่าวว่า พืชสกุลบัวบา (Nymphoides) วงศ์ Menyanthaceae เป็นพืชน้ำที่มีการใช้ประโยชน์ทางด้านการใช้เป็นพืชประดับ และผักพื้นบ้าน ในประเทศไทยเคยมีรายงาน 5 ชนิด จากการศึกษาวิจัยพบว่า บัวบาของประเทศไทยมีทั้งหมด 10 ชนิด และเป็นพืชชนิดใหม่ของโลก 5 ชนิด แต่ละชนิดมีศักยภาพในการนำไปใช้ประโยชน์ทางด้านการใช้เป็นพืชประดับสวนขวด สวนกระจก และตู้ไม้น้ำ อีกทั้งยังเน้นให้ตระหนักถึงการอนุรักษ์แหล่งน้ำจืด ซึ่งเป็นที่อยู่ของพืชชนิดเหล่านี้ บ่งชี้ถึงความร่ำรวยทรัพยากรพืชของประเทศไทย และความสำคัญของงานวิจัยวิทยาศาสตร์พื้นฐาน 

บัวบา 5 ชนิดนี้ประกอบด้วย 

.

1. สายติ้ง หรือ สายติ่ง Nymphoides chumphonense Suwanph. 

 พบในแหล่งน้ำจืดตื้นๆ บริเวณ จ. ชุมพร และสุราษฎร์ธานี  โดยตั้งชื่อตาม จ. ชุมพร สถานที่พบตัวอย่างเป็นที่แรก พืชชนิดนี้มีการใช้ประโยชน์เป็นผักพื้นบ้าน โดยกินสดกับน้ำพริก และมีขายในตลาด ถูกจัดสถานะใกล้สูญพันธุ์ (Endangered: EN) เนื่องจากการสูญเสียแหล่งที่อยู่ และการรุกรานของน้ำเค็ม อีกทั้งติดผลและเมล็ดได้น้อย

.

2. บัวบาหัวลูกศร Nymphoides crucioides Suwanph. & Hodk. 

 พบในแหล่งน้ำจืดตื้นๆ และในนาข้าว บริเวณ จ. ปราจีนบุรี และยะลา โดยตั้งชื่อตามลักษณะดอกที่คล้ายกากบาท  พืชชนิดนี้มีศักยภาพในการนำไปใช้เป็นไม้ประดับสวนขวด สวนกระจก และตู้ไม้น้ำ มีทั้งที่มีฟอร์มน้ำและฟอร์มบก ถูกจัดสถานะใกล้สูญพันธุ์อย่างยิ่ง (Critically Endangered - CR) เนื่องจากการสูญเสียแหล่งที่อยู่ และการใช้สารกำจัดวัชพืช  

.

3. บาจิ๋ว Nymphoides miniata Noppornch. & Suwanph. 

 เป็นบัวบาที่มีขนาดเล็กที่สุดของโลก พบในแหล่งน้ำจืดตื้นๆ และในนาข้าว บริเวณ จ. ปราจีนบุรี โดยตั้งชื่อตามลักษณะดอกที่มีขนาดเล็กที่สุดของโลก พืชชนิดนี้มีศักยภาพในการนำไปใช้เป็นไม้ประดับสวนขวด สวนกระจก และตู้ไม้น้ำ มีทั้งที่มีฟอร์มน้ำและฟอร์มบก ถูกจัดสถานะใกล้สูญพันธุ์อย่างยิ่ง (Critically Endangered - CR) เนื่องจากการสูญเสียแหล่งที่อยู่ และการใช้สารกำจัดวัชพืช  

.

4. บาสยาม Nymphoides thailandica Suwanph. 

บัวบาที่มีขนาดเล็ก พบในแหล่งน้ำจืดตื้นๆ และในนาข้าว บริเวณ จ. ปราจีนบุรี กระบี่ และยะลา โดยตั้งชื่อตามประเทศไทย พืชชนิดนี้มีศักยภาพในการนำไปใช้เป็นไม้ประดับสวนขวด สวนกระจก และตู้ไม้น้ำ มีทั้งที่มีฟอร์มน้ำและฟอร์มบก ถูกจัดสถานะใกล้สูญพันธุ์อย่างยิ่ง (Critically Endangered - CR) เนื่องจากการสูญเสียแหล่งที่อยู่ และการใช้สารกำจัดวัชพืช  

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5. ดาวรดา Nymphoides thungyaiense Suwanph & Noppornch. 

เป็นบัวบาที่มีขนาดค่อนข้างใหญ่ พบในแหล่งน้ำจืดตื้นๆ บริเวณ จ. ตาก โดยตั้งชื่อตามแหล่งที่พบ ถูกจัดสถานะใกล้สูญพันธุ์อย่างยิ่ง (Critically Endangered - CR) เนื่องจากพบประชากรเพียงแหล่งเดียว  

[Mammalogy • 2026] Revalidation of Manis aurita based on integrative genomic and morphological evidence

 

Manis aurita Hodgson, 1836

in Koju, Zeng, Zhang, Yao, Huang, Wang, Hawkins, Hinckley, Flores, Guo, Li, Maharjan, Byanjankar, Huang, Yu, Leng, He, Feijó et Hua, 2026. 

 DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-10314-9

Abstract

Pangolins face severe conservation threats globally, necessitating accurate taxonomy for effective conservation. Previous genomic research on the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) identified two deeply divergent lineages (MPA and MPB), suggesting underestimated species diversity. The recent description of M. indoburmanica (corresponding to MPB), however, did not assess its relationship with historical names, particularly the subspecies M. p. aurita, leaving the group’s taxonomic status uncertain. To resolve this issue, we employed an integrative framework, analyzing genomic and morphological data from museum specimens including the lectotype of M. p. aurita to clarify phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy within M. pentadactyla sensu lato. Our results demonstrate that MPB, which includes both M. indoburmanica and M. p. aurita, is geographically restricted to the southern Himalayas and thus distinct from other M. pentadactyla populations. Genomic analyses indicate the two clades diverged ~1.8 Ma and have remained largely isolated, with only minimal gene flow with congeners. Furthermore, morphometric analyses of both cranial and external features reveal consistent and significant differentiation between the Himalayan lineage (MPB) and M. pentadactyla sensu stricto. Collectively, these congruent findings provide unequivocal support for the revalidation of Manis aurita Hodgson, 1836, thereby establishing it as a distinct extant species of Asian pangolin.

Manis aurita Hodgson, 1836

 

 

Narayan Prasad Koju, Zeling Zeng, Guihua Zhang, Zhicheng Yao, Xia Huang, Xiaoyun Wang, Melissa T. R. Hawkins, Arlo Hinckley, Mary Faith C. Flores, Ce Guo, Jun Li, Devendra Maharjan, Saraswoti Byanjankar, Lianghua Huang, Wenhua Yu, Liang Leng, Kai He, Anderson Feijó and Yan Hua. 2026. Revalidation of Manis aurita based on integrative genomic and morphological evidence. Communications Biology. 9: 770. DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-10314-9 [01 July 2026]

  

[Botany • 2025] Dombeya scorpioides (sect. Xeropetalum; Malvaceae) • A New Species from southeastern Madagascar

 

 Dombeya scorpioides Jourdain Fievet & Applequist, 
 

in Jourdain Fievet, Le Prchon, Dubuisson et Applequist, 2025.

DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.3.2

Illustration by Ludivine Lougou. 

Abstract

Dombeya scorpioides, a new endemic species of Dombeya (Malvaceae) from southeastern Madagascar, is described. Morphological analysis places this species within Dombeya section Xeropetalum as defined by Arènes. The species is distinguished by its unique biparous cyme, unusually elongated with mostly scorpioid terminal units. It is further differentiated from other species with similar narrow leaves by its hispid ovary with well-developed stellate hairs. Due to its restricted geographic distribution and past and future threats to its habitat, this species should be classified as Endangered according to IUCN Red List Criteria.

conservation status, endemism, scorpioid cyme, Eudicots

Morphological features of Dombeya scorpioides.
 A. Habit. B, C. Flower. D. Flower bud. e. Gynoecium. F. Part of theandroecium. g. Petal. H. Sepal, adaxial face. I. Sepal, abaxial face, with zoom on the hairs on the left.

Drawn from Rabevohitra et al.4121bis (P). Illustration by Ludivine Lougou, January 2025.

Dombeya scorpioides Jourdain Fievet & Applequist, sp. nov. 

Diagnosis:—Dombeya scorpioides Jourdain Fievet & Applequist differs from D. oblongipetala Arènes (1958: 438) in its longerinflorescences with often scorpioid branches, broader petals, a stellate-hispid ovary, and a longer style.

Lucile JOURDAIN FIEVET, Timothee LE PECHON, Jean-Yves DUBUISSON and Wendy APPLEQUIST. 2025. Dombeya scorpioides (Malvaceae: Dombeyoideae), A New Species from southeastern Madagascar.  Phytotaxa. 704(3); 232-238. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.704.3.2 [2025-06-10]

[Botany • 2025] Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) • Doomed to Extinction by Mining: A New Species from Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

 

Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis Leme, J.L.Lobo, O.B.C.Ribeiro & A.P.Gelli,

in Castro, Ribeiro, Leme, Almeida et Faria, 2025. 

DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.732.1.5  

 Researchgate.net/publication/398287909

Abstract

A new species of Hoplocryptanthus, a member of the bromelioid “Cryptanthoid complex”, is described based on plants discovered in a ferruginous rupestrian grassland located in the southern Iron Quadrangle region, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis is endemic to the Pires Range, a region under strong threat by mining exploitation. The morphological characters of H. serrapiresensis are discussed in comparison with H. knegtianus and H. tiradentesensis. This microendemic species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), reinforcing the need for a strategy to protect the biodiversity of the region. Characters related to leaves proved useful in the taxonomic delimitation of this new species. Morphological analyses also validated and reinforced the diagnostic floral and inflorescence characters used in the circumscription of Hoplocryptanthus.

bromeliads, conservation, Espinhaço Range, morphology, Monocots

A–L. Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis (Leme 10355).
A. Habit. B. Frontal view of the corolla. C. Lateral view of the corolla.D. Flower. E. Abaxial view of sepals connate at the base. F. Petal, filaments, and style forming a common basal tube which is typical for Hoplocryptanthus. G. Details of the basal portion of the leaf blades with pronounced marginal spines. H. Floral bract. I. Longitudinalsection of the ovary. J. Stigma. K. Frontal view of the anther. L. Dorsal view of the anther.

Photographs by E. Leme. Bars = 5 mm (A–D,F–G). Bars = 1 mm (E, H–L). 

Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis Leme, J.L.Lobo, O.B.C.Ribeiro & A.P.Gelli, sp. nov.

A. General view of the ferruginous rupestrian fields of Pires Range, situated in the Congonhas municipality, at the southernend of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. B. Details of large banded itabirite blocks which occur randomly dispersed throughout the area. C. The saxicolous habit of Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis at type locality.
D. Presence of intense mining activityextending to the limits of the Pires Range. Photographs by P. H. Nobre.

A–G. Hoplocryptanthus knegtianus (Leme 9322). A. Habit. B. Frontal view of the corolla. C. Lateral view of the corolla.D. Details of the basal portion of the leaf blades and the marginal spines. E. Stigma. F. Frontal view of the anther. G. Dorsal view of theanther.
H. Habit of Hoplocryptanthus tiradentesensis (Leme 5819).

Photographs by E. Leme. Bars = 5 mm (A–B, D, H). Bars = 2 mm(C), Bars = 1 mm (E–G) 

JOÃO LUÍS L. M. DE CASTRO, OTÁVIO B. C. RIBEIRO, ELTON M. C. LEME, PEDRO S. DE ALMEIDA and ANA PAULA G. DE FARIA. 2025. Doomed to Extinction by Mining: A New Species of Hoplocryptanthus (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) from Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.  Phytotaxa. 732(1); 57-66. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.732.1.5 [2025-12-03]

 Researchgate.net/publication/398287909_a_new_species_of_Hoplocryptanthus_from_Congonhas_Minas_Gerais_Brazil

[Herpetology • 2026] Nadzikambia nubila, N. evanescens, N. franklinae & N. goodallae • Sky Islands of Mozambique harbour Cryptic Species of Chameleons: Description of Four New Species of Sylvan Chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae: Nadzikambia Tilbury, Tolley & Branch, 2006)

 A adult male Nadzikambia mlanjensis (Broadley, 1965); B adult male N. baylissi Branch & Tolley, 2010;
C adult male Nadzikambia franklinae sp. nov.; D adult male N. goodallae sp. nov.;
E adult male N. evanescens sp. nov.; F adult female N. nubila sp. nov. 

Tolley & Conradie, 2026

DOI: doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e178403 

  

Abstract

Several populations of forest-living chameleons in the genus Nadzikambia have been recorded from the montane sky island forests in northern Mozambique. These populations have not been evaluated for their species status, despite the potential for these allopatric populations having diverged at the species level due to vicariance of forest since the mid-Miocene. With only two described species of Nadzikambia, we hypothesised that candidate (new) species occur on each of four additional montane sky islands surveyed. We applied an integrative taxonomic approach to evaluate this, using morphological and genetic data collected from each population. Their distributions were mapped, the morphological dataset was quantitatively analysed using a multivariate analysis, and one nuclear and three mitochondrial genes were sequenced to generate a phylogeny and allele networks. Independent species delimitation analyses were applied to the genetic dataset (mPTP, SpeciesIdentifier, p distances) as supporting evidence for candidate species. By applying integrative taxonomy under the General Lineage Species Concept, we find support for four new species of Nadzikambia. The montane forests where they occur have declined in extent due to slash and burn agriculture and these forest endemics are presumed to be in a proportional decline as their habitat contracts. By examining historical and present-day satellite imagery, we show that all Nadzikambia species have lost significant proportions of their range. Given they do not occur outside these forests, these species are in imminent danger of extinction.

Keywords: Africa, Chamaeleonidae, conservation priority, Critically Endangered, habitat loss, morphological conservatism, reptiles, species declines, species delimitation, taxonomy

 

Life photos of Nadzikambia: A adult male N. mlanjensis (PEM R18445), B adult male N. baylissi (unvouchered specimen),
C adult holotype male N. franklinae sp. nov. (PEM R21165), D adult holotype male N. goodallae sp. nov. (PEM R24394),
E adult holotype male N. evanescens sp. nov. (PEM R24372), F adult paratype female N. nubila sp. nov. (NHMUK 2025.3278).

Nadzikambia franklinae sp. nov.

Namuli sylvan chameleon

Etymology. The new species is named after the British chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958) whose work on X-Ray crystallography, particularly her legendary “photo 51”, revealed the structure of DNA (Franklin and Gosling 1953). Her ground-breaking work subsequently allowed for the field of phylogenetics to develop, decades later. Today, nearly all modern taxonomy is phylogenetically informed, including the description of N. franklinae sp. nov.

Nadzikambia goodallae sp. nov.

Ribáuè sylvan chameleon

Etymology. This species is named after Jane Goodall (1934–2025), an inspirational scientist who lived and worked in Africa throughout her lengthy career. Although her work was dedicated to the study of Pan troglodytes, the Chimpanzee, she spent much of her life living and working in tropical forest, in particular at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Like her own study species, this chameleon is a forest endemic and the destruction of forest, and other habitats, both at Mount Ribáuè as well as within the home range of P. troglodytes in Central and West Africa is causing forest-living species to decline to the brink of extinction.

Nadzikambia evanescens sp. nov.

Inago sylvan chameleon

Etymology. This species is named Nadzikambia evanescens with the specific epithet from the Latin ‘evanescens’ meaning ‘vanishing’. The name is a present participle that can be used as an adjective or a noun in apposition, and the specific epithet is the same for all genders. The etymology is to highlight the rapidly vanishing forest on Mount Inago and the peril that this species is currently under. The forest has already been reduced to a few small patches, and the uncontrolled conversion of forest to agriculture is continuing. The consequence could be the demise of this endemic forest species, if action is not taken to stop the forest destruction.

Nadzikambia nubila sp. nov.

Chiperone sylvan chameleon

Etymology. This species is named after the “Ciperoni” – the term used locally for the weather that brings heavy clouds and orographic rainfall to the area. The cloud sustains the mid-elevation wet forest on this mountain. The epithet ‘nubila’ is derived from the Latin ‘nubilus’ meaning “cloudy,” and is modified to the feminine form to agree with the feminine gender of the genus Nadzikambia.

 Krystal Tolley and Werner Conradie. 2026. Sky Islands of Mozambique harbour Cryptic Species of Chameleons: Description of Four New Species of Sylvan Chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae: Nadzikambia Tilbury, Tolley & Branch, 2006). Vertebrate Zoology. 76: 207-246. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e178403 [21 Apr 2026]

[Ornithology • 2026] Phylloscopus tokaraensis • Discovering and Protecting Cryptic Biodiversity: A Case Study of A previously undescribed, Vulnerable Bird Species in Japan

Phylloscopus tokaraensis 

Saitoh, Shipilina, Xia, Zhang, Seki, Olsson & Alström, 2026

 

Tokara Leaf Warbler  ||  DOI: doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag037 

Abstract

Despite the escalating biodiversity crisis, many species remain unknown to science and may even disappear unnoticed. This is particularly true for many island populations. We illustrate the problem of detecting overlooked species and its consequences by exploring a rare and geographically restricted migratory songbird. We find that this consists of two—hence even rarer—species: the Japanese endemic Ijima's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus ijimae from the Izu Islands and the Tokara Leaf Warbler from the Tokara Islands. We describe the latter as a new cryptic species, ie one that is morphologically highly similar to, but genetically distinct from, a known species. The genetic divergence is revealed by analyses of nuclear genome-wide and mitochondrial DNA and supported by differences in vocalizations, while the morphological differences are minimal. We evaluate key conservation genomic indicators, showing that both species show low levels of genetic diversity and signs of a decrease of effective population size. Our genome-wide analysis revealed short runs of homozygosity and a low estimated deleterious load, suggesting limited recent inbreeding and possible purging of harmful alleles—indicators of genetic recovery after past demographic fluctuations. Ijima's Leaf Warbler is already classified as Vulnerable as well as a “Natural Monument” in Japan, and we propose that the Tokara Leaf Warbler should retain this status, with continued focused monitoring. Our study not only highlights the importance of integrating genomics with taxonomy for uncovering cryptic avian diversity but also provides a critical foundation for future conservation efforts.

Tokara Leaf Warbler Nakanoshima Phylloscopus tokaraensis (the same individual as in photo labeled A singing male Tokara Leaf Warbler).

photo: Per Alström, Uppsala University

Tokara Leaf Warbler Nakanoshima 11June2017-1 Per Alstrom. A singing male Tokara Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus tokaraensis on Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands, in June 2017. P.

photo: Per Alström, Uppsala University

One of the Tokara Leaf Warblers Phylloscopus tokaraensis caught on Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands, in June 2017.  

Cryptic populations of P. ijimae are geographically separated by more than 1,000 km and have distinct songs.
A) Global distribution of P. ijimae. Insets provide detailed maps of the Tokara Islands and northern Izu Islands (map source: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (2021). ALOS World 3D-30m DEM, V3.2, January 2021. Distributed by OpenTopography, doi.org/10.5069/G94M92HB. Accessed 2025 March 12). Island names in gray indicate locations where P. ijimae was not observed, while those in black indicate presence.
B, C) Adult male, holotype of Phylloscopus tokaraensis new species, Tokara Leaf Warbler (Yamashina Institute for Ornithology number YIO-76774), Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands, 2017 June 10 (photo: Per Alström; for additional photographs, see Table S18).

 Phylloscopus tokaraensis, sp. nov. 

Tokara Leaf Warbler

Diagnosis: Phylloscopus tokaraensis and P. ijimae are characterized by the uniformly greyish crown, lacking darker or paler stripes; mainly whitish underparts with contrastingly pale yellow undertail-coverts; narrow pale tips to the greater coverts, forming a thin, sometimes very indistinct, pale wing-bar; and pale orange lower mandible. Easily distinguishable from P. coronatus by the uniformly coloured crown; from P. borealis, P. examinandus and P. xanthodryas by the less distinct pale supercilium and narrower and less contrasting dark stripe on the ear-coverts behind the eye, whiter underparts with contrastingly pale yellow undertailcoverts, and pale orange lower mandible (usually prominent dark tip in P. borealis, P. examinandus and P. xanthodryas but rarely entirely orange); and from P. borealoides and P. tenellipes by the greener upperparts, paler crown which does not ...

Cryptic populations of P. ijimae are geographically separated by more than 1,000 km and have distinct songs. A) Global distribution of P. ijimae. Insets provide detailed maps of the Tokara Islands and northern Izu Islands (map source: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (2021). ALOS World 3D-30m DEM, V3.2, January 2021. Distributed by OpenTopography, doi.org/10.5069/G94M92HB. Accessed 2025 March 12). Island names in gray indicate locations where P. ijimae was not observed, while those in black indicate presence. B, C) Adult male, holotype of new species, Tokara Leaf Warbler (Yamashina Institute for Ornithology number YIO-76774), Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands, 2017 June 10 (photo: Per Alström; for additional photographs, see Table S18).
Examples of single song strophes of type I songs from Tokara (D–G) and Izu (I–L), with a plot of the two PCs from a PCA based on 12 variables (H). Examples of single strophes of type II songs from Tokara (M and N) and Izu (O and P) (recordings: D: ML647192043; E: ML647191975; F: ML647192039; G: ML 647191951; M: 647192011; N: 647191965; all by P.A.; I: by T. Kabaya; J: ML647192103, by T.S.; K: XC749104; L: XC749102; O: XC749102), K, L, O by Geoff Carey; P: ML647356514, by Haruo Kuroda.

 

Takema Saitoh, Daria Shipilina, Canwei Xia, Lijun Zhang, Shin-Ichi Seki, Urban Olsson and Per Alström. 2026. Discovering and Protecting Cryptic Biodiversity: A Case Study of A previously Undescribed, Vulnerable Bird Species in Japan. PNAS Nexus. 5(3); pgag037. DOI: doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag037 [17 March 2026]

[Botany • 2026] Hellwigia opalina (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae) • A New Species of the enigmatic Jade Gingers of Sulawesi, Indonesia

 

 Hellwigia opalina Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen,  

in Poulsen, Senjaya, Ardiyani et Newman, 2026. 

 DOI: doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.272.171221 

Abstract

The Indonesian Island of Sulawesi is home to a number of members of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, with unusual turquoise flowers not found anywhere else. A recent paper reinstating Hellwigia, using molecular evidence, placed these “jade gingers” in this genus. During a joint expedition between the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Bogor Botanical Gardens 26 years ago, an interesting jade ginger was collected at Mt. Sojol. This is similar to two other named species from Sulawesi, H. coeruleoviridis and H. glacicaerulea, in having unusual dimorphic, turquoise-bluish green flowers but differs from both in the much shorter ligule without a demarcation line and is described here as Hellwigia opalina. In preparation for this, all available material of jade gingers from Sulawesi was examined, and all except the collections from Mt. Sojol had a long ligule with a demarcation line similar to H. coeruleoviridis and H. glacicaerulea. It is, however, questionable whether the identification by R.M. Smith of several collections from Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, matches the type of H. coeruleoviridis, which was lost in Berlin during the Second World War. Until this species has been recollected at its type locality, here identified as Mt. Tentolomatinan, 300 km away, the identification cannot be easily ascertained. Rhizomes from Mt. Sojol were cultivated in botanic gardens, and plants cultivated at the Royal Botanic Garden flowered several times, which enabled detailed studies and dissection of both flower morphs. This is usually impossible during fieldwork and emphasizes the importance of cultivation of gingers—not just for ex situ conservation but also for research purposes. Detailed photographs taken of the cultivated plants were used to obtain a better morphological understanding and to illustrate Hellwigia opalina in the present paper.

Key words: Alpinia, ex situ conservation, Indonesia, monoecism, Wallacea

 Hellwigia opalina Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen, sp. nov.
A. Leafy shoots, inflorescence with functionally female flowers open; B. Leafy shoots, inflorescence with functionally male flowers open; C. Bases of leafy shoots; D. Part of pseudostem with one leaf blade; E. Close-up of ligule, petiole, and leaf base; F. Ligule, viewed from the inside; G. Close-up of midrib beneath.

All photographs of the type (A.D. Poulsen 3255) by A.D. Poulsen.  

 Hellwigia opalina Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen, sp. nov.
 Functionally female flowers: A. Inflorescence with first flowers; B. Flower; C. Bracteole; D. Calyx; E. Corolla lobes; F. Flower, bracteole removed; G. Inner part of cincinnus with functionally male flowers in bud; H. Labellum, ventral and dorsal view; J. Stamen, lateral and ventral view (staminodes); K. Gynoecium, ventral and lateral view. Functionally male flowers: L. Inflorescence; M. Flower; N. Calyx; O. Corolla lobes; P. Flower, bracteole removed; Q. Labellum, ventral and dorsal view; R. Floral tube and stamen, lateral view; S. Floral tube and staminodes; T. Floral tube and epigynous gland; U. Stamen, ventral view.

All photographs of the type (A.D. Poulsen 3255) by A.D. Poulsen.

Hellwigia opalina Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen, sp. nov.

 

Diagnosis. Similar to Hellwigia glacicaerulea (R.M.Sm.) Senjaya & A.D.Poulsen in having inflorescences of secund cincinni bearing turquoise-blue, dimorphic flowers but differing in its shorter ligule (2–3.5 mm, coriaceous vs. 20–30 mm, marcescent), shorter petiole (7–12 mm vs. 20–30 mm), leaf blades being densely tomentose beneath (vs. shortly tomentose), and tomentose inflorescence rhachis (vs. shortly tomentose).

Etymology. The epithet means ‘opal-colored’ from Greek, opallios, an opal.

Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Seni Kurnia Senjaya, Marlina Ardiyani and Mark Fleming Newman. 2026. Hellwigia opalina (Zingiberaceae) – A New Species of the enigmatic Jade Gingers of Sulawesi. PhytoKeys. 272: 169-180. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.272.171221 [03 Apr 2026]

 

[Ichthyology • 2026] Arhinoglanis relictus • Phylogenetic Assessment and Taxonomic Description of the First Scale-feeding Candiru (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from west of the Andes

 

Arhinoglanis relictus

DoNascimiento, Ortega-Lara, Albornoz-Garzón, Román-Valencia & Lujan, 2026

  

DOI: doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag002  

  x.com/DrNathanLujan

Abstract

Among vertebrates, specialized scale-feeding occurs almost exclusively in tropical freshwater fishes, with the Amazon basin having the richest regional assemblage of such specialists. With 28 valid species and 11 valid genera, 10 of which are ectoparasitic scale and mucus-feeders, the Neotropical trichomycterid subfamily Stegophilinae is the only fish lineage to have significantly diversified within this niche. Stegophilines are widespread and ubiquitous throughout the lowland freshwaters of South America, east of the Andes. We describe Arhinoglanis gen. nov. and Arhinoglanis relictus sp. nov., the first Stegophilinae from west of the Andes, from the upper Cauca River drainage, Colombia. At 26.4 mm maximum standard length, the new genus and species is also the first miniature Stegophilinae. Using diaphanization, light microscopy, and micro-computed tomography imagery, we coded 534 morphological characters for 50 terminal taxa to recover the new taxon as sister to the exclusively cis-Andean clade of Homodiaetus + Schultzichthys. A single unique synapomorphy unites these genera: proximal tip of ceratobranchial 5 wider than proximal tip of ceratobranchial 4. Five autapomorphies diagnose the new genus, the most notable of which is a paedomorphically unossified dorsal lamina of the mesethmoid. The scarcity and highly restricted distribution of the new species within the Magdalena basin has led to its evaluation as Critically Endangered.

catfish, Cauca River, morphology, Neotropics, Stegophilinae, systematics

Arhinoglanis relictus, live paratype, ROM 112325, 20.9 mm SL, in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views.

 A, ventral photo of live paratype of Arhinoglanis relictus, ROM 112325, 20.9 mm SL, showing gut content, and CT reconstructions of same specimen in (B) ventral and (C) left lateral views, with magnified gut content in (D) ventral, (E) dorsal, and (F) left lateral views.

Scale bars (left) = 5 mm, (right) = 1 mm.

 Arhinoglanis gen. nov. 

Arhinoglanis relictus sp. nov.

 

Carlos DoNascimiento, Armando Ortega-Lara, Juan G Albornoz-Garzón, César Román-Valencia and Nathan K Lujan. 2026. Phylogenetic Assessment and Taxonomic Description of the First Scale-feeding Candiru from west of the Andes (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 206(3); zlag002. DOI: doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag002 [15 March 2026]

  x.com/DrNathanLujan/status/2033293332143636918

[Herpetology • 2025] Scutiger ching, S. lisu & S. pardalotus • Three New Species of the Genus Scutiger (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Gaoligong Mountain Range in China, with An Updated Key to the Chinese Congeners

 

Scutiger lisu; 
Scutiger pardalotus; 
Scutiger ching 

Wang, Yu, and Che 

in K. Wang, Yu, Wu, Hou, D. Wang, Xiong, Ye, Duan, H. J. Li, J. Li, Jin, Yang & Che, 2025

DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.2   

  Researchgate.net/publication/398245491

Abstract  

Lazy Toads of the genus Scutiger are a diverse group of alpine specialists in Asia. Despite continuous research on the taxonomy of the genus, the diversity is still underestimated. Integrating both molecular and morphometric analyses, we describe three new species of the genus Scutiger from the Gaoligong Mountain Range in Yunnan Province, China. Morphologically, these three species resemble S. gongshanensis, S. mammatus, and S. boulengeri, respetively, but they can be diagnosed from these recognized species and all other congeners by a suit of morphological characters, including the toe webbing status, numbers of pectoral glands and axillary glands with nuptial spines in breeding males, and the number of fingers covered with nuptial spines in breeding males. Additionally, they show considerable genetic divergences with respect to their morphologically similar species. We discussed the still underestimated diversity in Southwest China, the existing taxonomic problems of the genus, particularly regarding the validity and the whereabouts of type specimens of S. bangdaensis, S. biluoensis, and S. meiliensis, and we provide an updated key to all recognized species of China.

Amphibia, cryptic diversity, frog, Hengduan Mountain, southwest Yunnan, taxonomy 

Scutiger lisu sp. nov. Wang, Yu, and Che 

Etymology: The species name “lisu” is derived from the Chinese word 傈僳, which is the name of the main ethnic group across the range of the new species. We name the new species after the local ethnic group to honor theharmony between the local ethnic culture and nature ecosystem. The proposed Chinese name of the new species is傈僳齿突蟾 (pinyin: Li Su Chi Tu Chan), and the proposed english name is Lisu Lazy Toad.  

Scutiger pardalotus sp. nov. Wang, Yu, and Che 

Etymology: The species name “pardalotus” is derived from greek, which means “spotted like a leopard”. Itdescribes the beautiful spotted coloration patterns on the dorsum of the species. The proposed Chinese commonname of the new species is “豹斑齿突蟾” (pinyin: bao ban Chi Tu Chan), and the proposed english name isLeopard Lazy Toad.  

Scutiger ching sp. nov. Wang, Yu, and Che 

Etymology: The species name, ching, is derived from the language Trung, the language of the local ethnic minority group (Dulong) at the type locality of the new species. It means small and slender, which describes thediagnostic body shape of the new species. We chose the native language of the Dulong People to honor the harmonybetween the local ethnic culture and nature ecosystem. We suggest elf Lazy Toad as its english common name, and“山精齿突蟾” (Pinyin: Shan Jing Chi Tu Chan) as its Chinese common name.  

Kai WANG, Zhongbin YU, Yunhe WU, Shao Bing HOU, De WANG, Yun XIONG, Xin Long YE, Jian Ping DUAN, Hai Jun LI, Jie LI, Jie Qiong JIN, Shen Pin YANG and Jing CHE. 2025. Three New Species of the Genus Scutiger (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from the Gaoligong Mountain Range in China, with An Updated Key to the Chinese Congeners.  Zootaxa. 5725(2); 203-230. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5725.2.2 [2025-12-02]  

 Researchgate.net/publication/398245491_Three_New_Species_of_Scutiger_from_the_Gaoligong_Mountain_Range_in_China