[Botany • 2021] Prosopanche cocuccii (Hydnoraceae) • A New Species from Southern Brazil

Prosopanche cocuccii  Tav.de Carvalho, Záchia & Mariath, 

in Tavares De Carvalho, Markus, Merotto, Záchia, Schuch, Sulzbach et Mariath, 2021.

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.521.3.3

  Researchgate.net/publication/354951875 

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Abstract

Prosopanche cocuccii is described as a new species from Southern Brazil. It resembles P. bonacinae due to the trigonous rhizome and by the general size of the flower organs. Nevertheless, P. cocuccii is distinguished by the main floral morphological characteristics used to differentiate species. In addition, the new species presents some rare characters for the genus, such as a highly branched rhizome and flowers usually grouped in fascicles. We provide a description, illustrations, field photographs, morphological details under the stereomicroscope, and comments on habitat, ecology, distribution, and conservation of the new species, as well as an updated key for the genus Prosopanche. In addition, we identified that P. cocuccii produces a large number of rhizomes and fruits for each single host specimen of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which resulted in a decrease in height and growth of its only known host plant.

Keywords: Atlantic Forest, Hydnora, Nicotiana tabacum, Prosopanche bonacinae, Piperales, root parasite, Magnoliids

 Photographs of Prosopanche cocuccii.
 A. Two flowers at anthesis in upper view. B. Fascicle of flowers of the same individual, after partial removal of the soil (arrows: flower buds or fruits. C–E. Emergent portion of flowers. C. Flower at early anthesis. D. Flower during anther dehiscence. E. Flower at post-anthesis. Bars: 1 cm.

Prosopanche cocuccii Tav.de Carvalho, Záchia & Mariath

 

 Underground structures of Prosopanche cocuccii.
A. Fascicle of flower buds at a portion of the rhizome, showing a fascicle on the left and solitary flowers on the right. B. Flower at anthesis next to a developing flower bud. C. Rhizome fragment and host root (arrow), showing some of its branches (detail: rhizome in cross-section).

Bars: A–C. 1 cm. Detail in C: 5 mm.

Jordano D. Tavares De Carvalho, Catarine Markus, Aldo Merotto Junior, Renato A. Záchia, Marilia Schuch, Estéfani Sulzbach and Jorge E. A. Mariath. 2021. Prosopanche cocuccii (Hydnoraceae): A New Species from Southern Brazil.  Phytotaxa. 521(3); 177-192. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.521.3.3
  Researchgate.net/publication/354951875_Prosopanche_cocuccii_a_new_species_from_Southern_Brazil
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[Botany • 2019] Prosopanche demogorgoni (Aristolochiaceae: Hydnoroideae) • A New Species of Prosopanche from southern Brazil

Prosopanche demogorgoni Funez

in Funez, Ribeiro-Nardes, Kossmann, et al., 2019. 

  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.422.1.6

  facebook.com/LuisFunez14

Abstract

Here we describe a new species of Prosopanche from southern Brazil. This is the first report of Prosopanche in Santa Catarina state and for the Atlantic Forest region. We present field photographs, illustrations, ecologic and conservation comments on the new species. We contrast the morphology of the new species with the other Prosopanche species that occur in Brazil, P. bonacinai and P. caatinguicola. The new species is morphologically similar to P. bonacinai, which has anthers composed by 20–30 thecae, synandrium 15–25 × 6–8 mm and tepals 35–55 × 9–20 mm vs. anthers composed by 3–4 thecae, synandrium 5–6 × 3–4 mm and tepals 15–20 × 5–8 mm in P. demogorgoni.

Keywords: Hydnoraceae, Neotropics, Piperales, root parasite plant, threatened species, General, Magnoliids

FIGURE 1. Field photographs of Prosopanche demogorgoni.
 A. Flower in frontal view. B. Flower in lateral view. C. Flower bud. D. Flower showing the long perigonial tube. E. Immature fruit. F. Trigonous rhizomes.

FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Prosopanche demogorgoni.
A–C. Synandrium. D. Longitudinal section of a flower. E. Stigma. F. Staminode. G. Floral bud. H. Flower at anthesis. I. Immature fruit and rhizome.

Prosopanche demogorgoni Funez sp. nov. 

Etymology:— Demogorgon is a fictional monster whose mouth resembles the P. demogorgoni flower.

Luis Adriano Funez, Weslley Ribeiro-Nardes, Thiago Kossmann, Nivaldo Peroni and Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler dos Santos. 2019. Prosopanche demogorgoni: A New Species of Prosopanche (Aristolochiaceae: Hydnoroideae) from southern Brazil. Phytotaxa. 422(1); 93–100. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.422.1.6

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[Botany • 2018] Hydnora arabica • A New Species (Aristolochiaceae) from the Arabian Peninsula and A Key to Hydnora

 Hydnora arabica Bolin & Musselman

in Bolin, Lupton & Musselman, 2018.

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.8 

Abstract

The plant parasite Hydnora arabica (Aristolochiaceae) is described from the Arabian Peninsula. This species was previously identified as Hydnora africana in Oman. It can be separated from other Hydnora taxa primarily by its terete rhizome, red to orange inner perianth tube color, and tepal lobe margins entirely covered with dense strigose setae. In Oman, Hydnora arabica is known to parasitize two leguminous trees: Acacia tortilis and the introduced Pithocellobium dulce, but may parasitize additional Fabaceae. At least eleven synonyms or subspecific varieties of H. abyssinica are described in the literature, all from east or southern Africa. These synonyms are discussed in light of new observations of morphology including tepal margin ornamentation. A new key for Hydnora is proposed.

Keywords: parasitic plant, Hydnoraceae, Magnoliids

FIGURE 2. A) Hydnora arabica flower emerging from soil. White osmophores apparent on tepal apices; B) Excavated mature H. arabica flower, flower bud, and growth tip of rhizome; C) Cross section of terete rhizomes and growth tip of rhizome covered in numerous tubercle-like lateral appendages

(Fig 1A–C: J. Bolin, S. Al Rahbi, L. Musselman, JFB2014OM3);  

Hydnora arabica Bolin & Musselman, sp. nov. 
 Diagnosis: — Hydnora arabica is similar to Hydnora abyssinica, but can be distinguished by having red to orange inner perianth tube color and tepal lobe margins entirely covered with dense strigose setae.

Distribution:—Known from southern Oman (Dhofar region) and Yemen. Collected from an elevation of 200 to 680 m (Fig. 1).

Habitat and Ecology:—Hydnora arabica is an obligate root parasite of Fabaceae that is visible above the soil surface only when flowering (Fig. 2). Most of our collections in Oman occurred on Acacia tortilis and the same host was reported from Yemen (Al-Fatimi 2015). Interestingly, in a small Dhofar settlement approximately 16 km NE of Mirbat, adjacent to Ayn Ayuoon south of Jebel Samhan, we were directed to a robust H. arabica population associated with and below the non-native Pithocellobium dulce (5 m high) in the settlement courtyard and goat yard. No other potential host trees were within 50 meters, thus P. dulce was likely the host plant. The villagers mentioned that the goats fed in the nearby wadi where H. arabica was abundant and were the likely vector of Hydnora seeds into the settlement. Interestingly, in Madagascar, the same introduced host P. dulce was a common host of H. esculenta (Bolin and Musselman 2013).
....

Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the distribution of H. arabica on the Arabian Peninsula.

Vernacular Name:— Thesiger reported the vernacular name as dhanuna on herbarium material from the 1940s. Miller and Morris (1998) give the Jibbali name xamleg and the Dhofari Arabic names khamlayyeh and khumla’ah. We can confirm that Jibbali settlers in Dhofar that knew the plant well as a potential food item in fruit used the name xamleg. From Yemen in the districts of Lawdar and Dathina that use the plant the Arabic local names of nabeekh, fateekh, and tarateef (Al-Fatimi et al. 2015) are used.

Conservation Status:— In the Dhofar region of Oman, dried rhizomes of H. arabica were common in most wadi beds with an abundance of its common host Acacia tortilis, though fresh flowering material was difficult to locate due to its infrequent flowering and primarily hypogeous habit. Based on our observations, the conservation status of H. arabica in southern Oman is secure. However, H. abyssinica is reported as rare in Saudi Arabia (Collenette 1999) and we have little basis to comment on H. arabica abundance in Yemen.

FIGURE 2. A) Hydnora arabica flower emerging from soil. White osmophores apparent on tepal apices; B) Excavated mature H. arabica flower, flower bud, and growth tip of rhizome; C) Cross section of terete rhizomes and growth tip of rhizome covered in numerous tubercle-like lateral appendages (Fig 1A–1C: J. Bolin, S. Al Rahbi, L. Musselman, JFB2014OM3); D) Dried berry and flower from previous season, numerous dark spherical seeds inside broken fruit (from J. Bolin, D. Lupton, L. Musselman, S. Al Rahbi, JFB2014OM1). Scale bars A) = 1 cm; B) 4 cm; C) 2 cm; D) 1 cm.

Jay F. Bolin, Darach Lupton and Lytton J. Musselman. 2018. Hydnora ­arabica (Aristolochiaceae), A New Species from the Arabian Peninsula and A Key to Hydnora. Phytotaxa. 388(1); 99–108. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.8