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| Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann & T.Henning
in Casper, Bussmann & Henning, 2020.
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Abstract
The insectivorous genus Pinguicula occurs along the whole Andean mountain chain from Colombia-Venezuela in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south with a short interruption in the Peruvian-Chilean desert range. This paper describes a new and striking species of Pinguicula that occurs in the south-eastern part of the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone in north Peru. It grows either as a lithophyte on moist rocks or as an epiphyte on Polylepis multijuga Pilg. in the wet highlands of the Cordillera Central. Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann & T.Henning, sp. nov. is clearly distinguished by a basal rosette of ovate-obovate leaves spread out flat on the ground and especially by a two-partite corolla with a straight uniform tube-spur complex, two features unknown from other Andean Pinguicula species. The morphological similarity to P. calyptrata Kunth is discussed and the habitat and distribution of P. rosmarieae are characterised.
Keywords: Lentibulariaceae, Pinguicula, Pinguicula rosmarieae, Peru, Amotape-Huancabamba Zone, Cordillera Central, endemic, taxonomy, new species, distribution
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| Figure 1. Pinguicula rosmarieae (A–H) and P. calyptrata (I, J). A P. rosmarieae, 2-scaped; upper flower opened, in profile view, lower one in bud; epiphytic on Polylepis multijuga Pilg., in Polylepis multijuga-Iochroma stenanthum S.Leiva, Quip. & N.W.Sawyer – dominated cloud forest. Peru, Department San Martín, close to ‘El Jardín’(Inca-hut and surrounding area east of the Laguna Huayabamba), 3,090 m a.s.l., 06°56'044"S, 077°41'54"W B ditto, flower, profile view C ditto, flower, semi-ventral view D ditto, flower, dorsal view E P. rosmarieae rosette from the northernmost known habitat, “Hatumpampa” Department Amazonas, Province Bongará (no voucher specimen) F ditto, flower, semi-ventral view G ditto, flower ventral view H corolla in frontal view, lower-lip lobes to ¼ of its length notched, throat without distinct palate. Peru, Department San Martín, Laguna de los Cóndores (Henning & Schneider 275) I P. calyptrata, corolla in frontal view, lobes with lateral margins slightly covering each other, lower-lip lobes to 1/6 of its length notched, throat with clapper-like yellow palate. Peru, Department San Martín, Sphagnum-bog, 3,000 m a.s.l. above the Laguna de los Cóndores (Bussmann, A. Glenn, G. Chait & C. Vega Ocaña 16447) J flowering stand of P. calyptrata near Pulan, Cajamarca. (Credits: photographs A–D, I R. W. Bussmann E–G, J L. Santa Cruz Cervera H T. Henning). |
Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann & T.Henning, sp. nov.
Diagnosis:
Herba perennis rosulata, rosula ca. 100 mm in diametro; lamina foliorum circuito suborbiculata vel obovata, margine vix (~3 mm) involuta, ca. 30–40 mm longa ac lata, solum plusminusve adpressa; scapus 1(–4), erectus, 20–40 mm altus, teres; flores 1, parvi, ~8–10 mm longi (tubo-calcari incluso), bilabiati; calyx lobis oblongis, lobis superis usque ad basin fere divisis, lobis inferis usque ad dimidium divisis, ad angulum ~45° divaricatis; corolla lobis 5, oblongis, ~5–7 mm longis, subisolobatis, apice valde emarginatis; corollae tubum infundibuliformi-cylindraceum cum calcari conico ± uniformem rectum coniunctionem formans, 5–6 mm longum apice obtusum.
Habitatio in locis apertis et humidis montium Andinensium regionis Peruviae septentrionalis usque ad 3.100 m supra mare, praesertim ad rupes et saxa. Habitu Pinguiculae Andinensium simili, praecipue differt tubo-calcari-coniunctio recto uniformi.
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| Figure 3. Habitats of Pinguicula rosmarieae in the Department San Martín. A Large stands at the type locality above the Laguna de los Cóndores B sandstone rock walls with small waterfall near ‘El Jardín’ C ‘El Jardín’ Polylepis multijuga stands with P. rosmarieae growing as an epiphyte. (Credits: A T. Henning, B, C R. W. Bussmann). |
Etymology: The new species is named after Dipl.-Biol. Rosmarie Casper, beloved wife and steady companion of the scientific efforts of S. J. Casper and mother of their children.
Habitat: The Departments Amazonas and San Martín in northern Peru partly occupy the Sierra zone between the dry coastal region (Costa) and the upper Amazon river lowlands (Selva) and are largely characterised by extensive and very species-rich, cloud forests and wet subalpine grasslands (páramos). In contrast to Pinguicula calyptrata, which is largely found on wet, often peaty, soils, in the páramo region, Pinguicula rosmarieae occupies a completely different, even wetter, habitat. The species has been found either growing on steep, often vertical, rock-walls, normally on sandstones, in the spray of waterfalls (Fig. 3A, B) or rarely as an epiphyte in dense moss layers on Polylepis multijuga (Fig. 3C). Both represent equally extreme habitats, with extremely wet, nutrient-poor and acidic conditions and considerable mechanical stress.
The population at the type location grew in full sunlight on a steep sandstone cliff immediately above the famous tombs built by the Chachapoyas culture (AD ca. 800–1500). The tombs were built underneath natural overhangs, thereby allowing dry storage of the mummies. The type population (Henning & Schneider 275) grows above these overhangs exposed to constant dripping water and the general high precipitation typical for the eastern slopes of the Andes in this region (Fig. 3A).
S. Jost Casper, Rainer W. Bussmann and Tilo Henning. 2020. Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann & T.Henning (Lentibulariaceae), A New Butterwort from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (northern Peru). PhytoKeys. 140: 107-123. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.140.49529
Resumen: El género insectívoro Pinguicula se encuentra a lo largo Andes desde Colombia y Venezuela en el norte hasta Tierra Fuego en el sur, con una breve interrupción en el los desiertos peruano-chilenos. Este artículo describe una nueva y distintiva especie de Pinguicula que se encuentra en la parte sur de la zona Amotape-Huancabamba en el norte del Perú. Puede crecer tanto como litófita sobre rocas húmedas o como epífita sobre Polylepis multijuga Pilg. en las tierras altas y húmedas de la Cordillera Central. Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann & T.Henning, sp. nov. se distingue claramente por tener una roseta basal de hojas ovadas-obovadas, postradas sobre el suelo y, especialmente, por la corola bipartida con un espolón uniforme recto, una combinación de características desconocidas de otras especies andinas de Pinguicula. Se discute la similitud morfológica con P. calyptrata Kunth y se caracterizan el hábitat y la distribución de P. rosmarieae.
