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| Ngirhaphium thaicum Samoh & Grootaert
in Samoh, Satasook & Grootaert, 2019.
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Abstract
A review is given of the Ngirhaphium species of Southeast Asia and two new species are described from Thailand. Ngirhaphium meieri Samoh & Grootaert, new species is described from a mangrove in Takua Pa district, Phang Nga Province, peninsular Thailand. NGS-barcodes (313 bp) are congruent with traditional taxonomic delimitation. Ngirhaphium caeruleum Grootaert & Puniamoorthy sensu lato seems to consist of a species-complex with 32 haplotypes and has a wide distribution in the southern part of the South China Sea. There is a 4.2 % genetic difference between the Thai/Cambodian population and the Singapore/Brunei populations in N. caeruleum: despite the many haplotypes and differences in male terminalia, the Thai and Cambodian haplotypes formed a haplotype group, while the Singapore and Bruneian specimens formed another haplotype group. Nonetheless, the Thai population is morphological distinct enough to be considered a morpho-species: it is here described as N. thaicum Samoh & Grootaert, new species. An updated distribution of the six Southeast Asian Ngirhaphium species is given with additional taxonomic notes, a key to the species and a phylogenetic diagram. We find that the Andaman Sea coast to be the most diverse with four species while the South China Sea region has only two species both belonging to the caeruleum species complex. N. sivasothii Grootaert & Puniamoorthy is common and occurring from Singapore up to the Thai coast of the Andaman Sea, with 28 haplotypes. Remarkable in all species is the limited distribution of the haplotypes, where most seem endemic to a limited area and thus provide information about the origin of the distribution.
Key words: Dolichopodidae, Ngirhaphium, NGS-barcodes, peninsular Thailand
TAXONOMY:
Family Dolichopodidae
Subfamily Rhaphiinae
Genus Ngirhaphium Evenhuis & Grootaert
Ngirhaphium Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002: 310.
Type species by original designation:
Ngirhaphium murphyi Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002.
Ngirhaphium caeruleum species complex
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Ngirhaphium thaicum Samoh & Grootaert, new species
Fig. 4. habitus female. Scale = 1 mm.
Fig. 3. male habitus. Scale = 1 mm.
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Ngirhaphium thaicum Samoh & Grootaert, new species
Distribution. Trat, Prachuap Kirikan, Chumphon, Surat Thani Province, and Cambodia. Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea).
Remarks. This is one of the largest Ngirhaphium species. They prefer open areas without canopy cover and with soft mudflat.
Ngirhaphium meieri Samoh & Grootaert, new species
Etymology. The species is dedicated to Rudolf Meier, head of Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences at the National University of Singapore (NUS), who provided us an opportunity to learn and do a molecular study of the marine dolichopodid flies.
Distribution. Phang Nga and Ranong provinces, Thailand, Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean).
Remarks. The new species is morphologically similar to N. sivasothii and even more to N. chutamasae. Differences can be found in the key to the Southeast Asian species here below.
Ngirhaphium caeruleum Grootaert & Puniamoorthy, 2014
Ngirhaphium chutamasae Samoh, Boonrotpong & Grootaert, 2015
Ngirhaphium murphyi Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002
Ngirhaphium sivasothii Grootaert & Puniamoorthy, 2014
Abdulloh Samoh, Chutamas Satasook and Patrick Grootaert. 2019. NGS-barcodes, Haplotype Networks Combined to External Morphology Help to Identify New Species in the Mangrove Genus Ngirhaphium Evenhuis & Grootaert, 2002 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Rhaphiinae) in Southeast Asia. RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 67; 640–659.
