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Centrolene elisae Franco-Mena, Vega-Yánez, Reyes-Puig & Guayasamin, C. marcoreyesi Franco-Mena, Székely, Culebras, Batallas-Revelo, Pablo Reyes-Puig & Guayasamin, in Franco-Mena De la Riva, Vega-Yánez, Székely, Amador, Batallas, Reyes-Puig, Cisneros-Heredia, Venegas-Valencia, Galeano, Culebras et Guayasamin, 2024. |
Abstract
Centrolenidae is a Neotropical family widely distributed in Central and South America, with its species richness concentrated in the tropical Andes. Several taxonomic problems have been identified within this family, mostly related to species with broad geographic distributions. In this study, we assessed and redefined the species boundaries of the Centrolene buckleyi species complex, and formally described two new species from the Andes of Ecuador. These new taxa are recognized by a combination of morphometric, osteological, acoustic, and genetic data. Following IUCN criteria, we propose that the two new species should to be considered as Endangered (EN), mainly because of their small distributions and habitat loss. The C. buckleyi complex provides insights into the biogeography of closely related Andean species. As in other glassfrogs, speciation in Centrolene seems to be mediated by the linearity of the Andes, where gene flow can be restricted by topography and, also, local extinctions.
Centrolene buckleyi (Boulenger, 1882) sensu stricto
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| (A) Centrolene buckleyi sensu stricto (adult males, MZUTI 763, DHMECN 13828, ZSFQ 4420). (B) Centrolene elisae sp. nov., paratypes (adult female, ZSFQ 5367; adult male, ZSFQ 5369; adult male, ZSFQ 4428). (C) Centrolene marcoreyesi sp. nov. (paratype, MUTPL 271, adult male). Photographs of C. buckleyi by Juan M. Guayasamin, and Diego Batallas-Revelo; C. elisae sp. nov. by Mateo Vega-Yánez and Daniela Franco-Mena; and C. marcoreyesi sp. nov. by Paul Székely. |
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| Egg-clutches of Centrolene elisae sp. nov. from Chamanapamba reserve (A and B) and of Centrolene marcoreyesi sp. nov. from Guarumales (C and D). Photographs (A, B) by Daniela Franco-Mena and (C, D) by Jaime Culebras. |
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| (B) Centrolene elisae sp. nov., paratypes (adult female, ZSFQ 5367; adult male, ZSFQ 5369; adult male, ZSFQ 4428). (C) Centrolene marcoreyesi sp. nov. (paratype, MUTPL 271, adult male). |
Centrolene elisae sp. nov. Daniela Franco-Mena, Mateo A. Vega-Yánez, Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig, Juan M. Guayasamin
Centrolene buckleyi—Guayasamin et al. (2006a)
Centrolene buckleyi [Ca2]—Amador et al. (2018)
English common name. Elisa’s Glassfrog
Spanish common name. Rana de Cristal de Elisa
Definition. (1) SVL in adult males 22.9–25.3 mm (n = 6), in an adult female 27.2 mm; (2) in life, dorsum green, usually with minute whitish spots; anterior half of venter whitish, posterior half translucent; (3) iris gray-white with thin black-brown reticulation and a horizontal brown stripe; (4) humeral spines and vocal slits present in adult males; (5) snout rounded in dorsal profile, inclined in lateral profile; (6) webbing absent between Fingers I and II, webbing basal between II and III, outer fingers III (21/2–22/3)–(21/2–2+) IV; (7) webbing on foot: I (11/2–2−)–(2+–21/3) II (1+–11/3)–(2+–22/3) III (1–11/2)–(21/3–22/3) IV (22/3–3−)–(11/2–2) V; (8) ulnar fold low; inner tarsal fold short; outer tarsal fold low; (9) prepollex concealed; nuptial excrescences present, Type-I; (10) Toe I shorter than Toe II.
Etymology. The species epithet “elisae” is a noun in genitive case, with the Latin suffix “e” (ICZN 31.1.2). We are pleased to dedicate the species to Elisa Bonaccorso (Fig. S2), in recognition for her contributions to bird systematics and biogeography (Bonaccorso, 2009; Bonaccorso, Koch & Peterson, 2006; Bonaccorso et al., 2011; Sornoza-Molina et al., 2018), conservation biology (Lessmann, Munoz & Bonaccorso, 2014; Lessmann et al., 2016; Bonaccorso et al., 2021), batrachology (Bonaccorso et al., 2003; Guayasamin & Bonaccorso, 2004), and her passionate commitment to the education of the next generation of scientists. This is also a recognition for her luminous presence in my life (Juan Manuel Guayasamin).
Centrolene marcoreyesi sp. nov. Daniela Franco-Mena, Paul Székely, Jaime Culebras, Diego Batallas-Revelo, Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig, Juan M. Guayasamin
Centrolene buckleyi [Ca1]—Amador et al. (2018)
English common name. Marco Reyes´ Glassfrog
Spanish common name. Rana de Cristal de Marco Reyes
Definition. Within Centrolene, Centrolene marcoreyesi sp. nov. is defined by the following set of traits: (1) SVL in adult males 24.5–27.0 mm (n = 6), unknown in females; (2) in life, dorsum shagreen usually with low whitish spots; anterior two-thirds of venter whitish, posterior third translucent; (3) in life, iris white-lavender with fine brown reticulations; (4) humeral spines, vocal sac and slits present in adult males; (5) snout rounded in dorsal profile, sloping in lateral profile; (6) webbing absent between inner finger and Finger II, reduced to moderate between outer fingers: III (21/3–23/4)–(21/4–22/3) IV; (7) webbing on feet: I (11/2–12/3)–(2––2) II (1+–11/4)–(21/4–2+) III (11/2–12/3)–(21/3–21/2) IV (2+–21/2)–(12/3–3–) V; (8) inner and outer ulnar and tarsal folds conspicuous; (9) concealed prepollex; nuptial excrescences present, Type-I; (10) Toe I shorter than Toe II.
Etymology. The species epithet “marcoreyesi” is a noun in genitive case, with the Latin suffix “i” (ICZN 31.1.2). With this species, we tribute Marco M. Reyes-Puig (Fig. S2), a notable herpetologist from the herpetology division of the Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (now Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INABIO). Marco was the original collector of this new species on a field campaign to Zamora Chinchipe. We honor his work and memory as a brother (Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig), sister (Carolina Reyes-Puig), and friends.
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Conclusion:
We provide an integrative analysis of the Centrolene buckleyi species complex and describe two new species, Centrolene elisae and C. marcoreyesi. Our phylogenetic hypothesis suggests that C. elisae is the sister species of C. venezuelense, and that C. marcoreyesi is the sister species of C. sabini. Speciation is most likely driven by the linearity of the Andes and the barriers formed by river valleys. We suggest that the two new species should be listed as Endangered.
Daniela Franco-Mena, Ignacio De la Riva, Mateo A. Vega-Yánez, Paul Székely, Luis Amador, Diego Batallas, Juan P. Reyes-Puig, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Khristian Venegas-Valencia, Sandra P. Galeano, Jaime Culebras and Juan M. Guayasamin. 2024. Simplifying the Centrolene buckleyi complex (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae): A Taxonomic Review and Description of Two New Species. PeerJ. 12:e17712. DOI: doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17712
