[Botany • 2019] Etlingera mamasarum • An Update of the Genus Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) in Sulawesi including the Description of A New Species

Etlingera mamasarum A.D.Poulsen & Ardiyani 

in Ardiyani & Poulsen, 2019.

DOI: 10.14203/reinwardtia.v18i1.3729 

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Abstract

A new species, Etlingera mamasarum A.D.Poulsen & Ardiyani was discovered in Gunung Gandangdewata National Park, West Sulawesi. It is similar to Etlingera flexuosa A.D.Poulsen but differs in having flowers which are shorter than the bracts. It is described, illustrated and DNA barcoded. Three additional species (Etlingera cylindrica A.D.Poulsen, E. grallata A.D.Poulsen, E. spinulosa A. D.Poulsen) were documented in this national park and represent new records for West Sulawesi Province. We also update information on the morphology of E. calobates A.D.Poulsen, correct an error in the typification of Alpinia chrysogynia (K.Schum.) K.Schum. and discuss the distribution of the Achasma Group of Etlingera east of Wallace’s Line.

Keywords: DNA barcoding, Etlingera calobates, E. mamasensium, E. megalocheilos, Indonesia, Zingiberales.

Fig. 1. Etlingera mamasarum A.D.Poulsen & Ardiyani, spec. nov. 
A. Fertile bract and flower. B. Bracteole. C. Calyx. D. Flower, calyx removed. E. Stamen, dorsal view. F. Labellum, flattened, dorsal view G. Stamen, lateral view H. Stamen, style and stigma, ventral view. J. Ovary and epigynous gland, dorsal view. K. Ovary and epigynous gland, ventral view. L. Fruit with ± persistent bract, bracteole and calyx. Drawn from the type by Axel Dalberg Poulsen.

Fig. 2. Etlingera mamasarum A.D.Poulsen & Ardiyani, spec. nov.
A. Leafy shoot. B. Inflorescence, lateral and front view. C. Fertile bract. D. Fertile bract and flower. E. Bracteole. F. Calyx. G. Flower, calyx removed. H. Corolla lobes. I. Labellum. J. Flower with calyx, corolla lobes and labellum removed. Photos: Marlina Ardiyani.

Etlingera mamasarum A.D.Poulsen & Ardiyani, spec. nov.

Type: Indonesia, West Sulawesi Province, Mamasa, Rantepongko Village, Gunung Gandangdewata, ..., 1,642 m, flowering and fruiting, 21 April 2016, M. Ardiyani with W. Santoso, Obet, Ama, A. Kartonegoro, D. Wulansari Sulbar 004 (Holotype: BO!; iso E!), Fig. 1, 2 & 3. DNA barcoding in Table 2. 

Diagnosis. Similar to Etlingera flexuosa A.D. Poulsen but differs in the length of the flowers which are shorter than the bracts, the longer petiole (45–55 mm in E. mamasarum vs 10–40 mm in E. flexuosa), the length to width ratio of the lamina (3.5–4 vs 4.2–5.6), the shape of the base of the lamina (rounded to cordate vs cuneate to auriculate), the size of the fertile bract (5.5−7 × 2.5−3.3 cm vs 2–5 × 0.6–2.5 cm), the position of the pedicel (4 mm stalk above the bracteole vs 1–4 mm below bracteole), the longer bracteole (3.6 cm vs 1.7–3 cm), the apices of the calyx spreading laterally to opposite sides of the flower (vs pointed straight forward), and the shape and size of the labellum (unevenly panduriform, 20–21 × 16 mm vs ovate, 17–22 × 14–20 mm).

Distribution. So far known only from the type locality at Gunung Gandangdewata. 

Habitat & Ecology. Grows in primary forest on a moderate slope not far from river at about 1,700 m. 

Etymology. The epithet honours the people of Mamasa, West Sulawesi, where the new species was found.

Local name & uses. Katimbang (Mamasa language), fruits are eaten.

 Marlina Ardiyani and Axel Dalberg Poulsen. 2019. An Update of the Genus Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) in Sulawesi including the Description of A New Species. Reinwardtia. 18(1); 49–60. DOI: 10.14203/reinwardtia.v18i1.3729

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Jenis baru Etlingera mamasarum A.D.Poulsen & Ardiyani telah ditemukan di Taman Nasional Gunung Gandangdewata, Sulawesi Barat. Jenis baru ini mirip dengan Etlingera flexuosa A.D.Poulsen tetapi berbeda dalam karakter bunga yang lebih pendek dari braktea. Jenis baru tersebut dipertelakan, diilustrasikan dan dilakukan barkoding DNA. Tiga jenis lainnya (Etlingera cylindrica A.D.Poulsen, E. grallata A.D.Poulsen, E. spinulosa A.D.Poulsen) telah didokumentasikan dan merupakan rekaman baru untuk provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Informasi morfologi E. calobates A.D.Poulsen telah diperbaharui, kesalahan tipifikasi Alpinia chrysogynia (K.Schum.) K.Schum. telah dikoreksi dan informasi persebaran E. megalocheilos (Griff.) A.D.Poulsen di timur garis Wallace didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini. 

Kata Kunci: Barkoding DNA, Etlingera calobates, E. mamasarum, E. megalocheilos, Indonesia, Zingiberales.

[Botany • 2018] Sulettaria gen. nov. • A New Ginger Genus Disjunct from Elettaria cardamomum

Sulettaria surculosa (K.Schum.) A.D.Poulsen & Mathisen

in Poulsen, Mathisen, Newman, et al., 2018.

  DOI: 10.12705/674.3 

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Abstract

In 1950, Holttum placed species from Malaysia in the cardamom genus, Elettaria, while noting that they may, in fact, belong elsewhere in the tribe Alpinieae. We tested this hypothesis applying phylogenetic methods using nuclear ITS and At103, and plastid matK, ndhF and trnL-F sequences from several samples of the genus. In the resulting molecular phylogeny, these samples appeared in three separate places of the Alpinieae. Elettaria s. str. is endemic in India and Sri Lanka while all species from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo are placed in a new genus, Sulettaria which, furthermore, includes six species with basionyms in Amomum, A. kandariense from Sulawesi and the other five from Borneo. Fifteen new combinations are made, an identification key provided and lectotypes designated for three species. Plants labelled as cardamom and exhibited in some botanic gardens have been misidentified and represent a species in the Alpinia zerumbet clade.

Keywords:  At103; Elettaria; Geocharis; ITS; matK; ndhF; trnL-F; Zingiberaceae

Sulettaria surculosa  

— Photo: Axel D. Poulsen.  

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Sulettaria A.D.Poulsen & Mathisen, gen. nov. 

 Type: Sulettaria surculosa (K.Schum.) A.D.Poulsen & Mathisen

 (≡ Amomum surculosum K.Schum.).

Etymology. – The genus name reflects its similarity to Elettaria and its occurrence in Sundaland and Sulawesi.

Fig. 5. Distribution of Elettaria and Sulettaria.

  Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Helena Båserud Mathisen, Mark F. Newman, Marlina Ardiyani, Øystein Lofthus, and Charlotte Sletten Bjorå. 2018.  Sulettaria: A New Ginger Genus Disjunct from Elettaria cardamomum.  Taxon. 67(4); 725-738.  DOI: 10.12705/674.3 

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[Botany • 2017] Zingiber ultralimitale • A New Species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) east of Wallace’s Line

Zingiber ultralimitale  Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen

 Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 69(2) 

@AxelGinger

Abstract

Zingiber Mill. is distributed from India to the Pacific but only a few species are known from east of Wallace’s Line, whereas the area to the west is rich in species. A recent collection from limestone at Bantimurung, South Sulawesi, Indonesia represents a new eastern species, Zingiber ultralimitale Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen, which is described, illustrated, and barcoded using three of the four barcoding loci (rbcL, trnH-psbA and ITS). Placement of this species using morphological evidence is ambiguous but a combination of evidence from morphology, pollen anatomy and molecular analysis indicates that it belongs to Zingiber sect. Zingiber.

Keywords: Bantimurung, DNA barcode, Indonesia, limestone, Sulawesi, Wallacea 

Zingiber ultralimitale  Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen

Ardiyani, Newman & Poulsen, 2017. 

 Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 69(2)  

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Fig. 3. Zingiber ultralimitale   Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen.
A. Habit on limestone boulders at Bantimurung. B. Rhizome, including roots with tubers. C. Leafy shoot and inflorescence. D. Sheath, ligule, petiole and base of lamina. E. Spike with single flower, front view. F. Spike with single flower, lateral view. G. Bract. H. Bracteole and flower. I. Calyx. J. Ovary and corolla tube. K. Dorsal corolla lobe, ventral view. L. Labellum and lateral corolla lobes, ventral view. M. Corolla tube, stamen and stigma. N. Ovary and epigynous glands. A from Poulsen et al. 2767; B from Poulsen & Yeats 2989; C–N from Poulsen & Yeats 2984. (Photos: A.D. Poulsen)

Zingiber ultralimitale Ardiyani & A.D.Poulsen, sp. nov. 

This species is distinct from all others by the following combination of characters: narrow long loose green bracts, bright yellow flowers, and large free yellow lateral staminodes.

―TYPE: Indonesia, originally collected from South Sulawesi Province, Bantimurung NP, ... and cultivated as RBGE 20091017*A, flowering material vouchered on 12 June 2013 as Newman, M.F. 2552 (holotype BO; isotype E). (Fig. 2, 3)

Etymology. The specific epithet ultralimitale means ‘on the other side of the border’, referring to the occurrence of this species east of Wallace’s Line. 

Ecology and habitat. Limestone cliffs and boulders in forest, lowlands at c. 300 m. During the first year of cultivation in Edinburgh, it was discovered that the species has a dormancy period during which it survives entirely underground.

M. Ardiyani, M.F. Newman and A.D. Poulsen. 2017. A New Species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) east of Wallace’s Line. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 69(2); 189 - 199. 

 sbg.org.sg/images/4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin/4_4_69_2_pdf_Vol_69_Part_2_2017/69_2_189_y2017_V69P2_GBS_pg189.pdf

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[Botany • 2017] Orchidantha micrantha & O. megalantha • Two New Orchidantha Species (Lowiaceae) from Borne

Orchidantha megalantha 

 Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen

 DOI:  10.3767/blumea.2017.62.02.08

Abstract

Two new Orchidantha species discovered in Sarawak, Orchidantha micrantha and O. megalantha, are described and illustrated. They may well represent the species with the smallest and the largest flowers currently known in the genus and certainly from Borneo. With its small flowers, O. micrantha is similar to O. borneensis to which it is compared. The large-flowered O. megalantha is compared to the morphologically closest species, O. holttumii, from nearby Brunei. The conservation status of both new species is assessed and a key is provided to all Bornean species.

Keywords: Kubah National Park; Kuching; Malaysia; Matang; Mulu National Park; Orchidantha borneensis; Orchidantha holttumii; Sarawak; Zingiberales; vulnerable

Orchidantha micrantha only known from Kubah NP, Sarawak, Borneo (Poulsen & Leong-Škorničková, 2017. Blumea. 62: 157). The flower is the SMALLEST of all species of Lowiaceae. Like its big sister, O. megalantha, its smell may attract pollinating dung beetles.

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  Orchidantha micrantha Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen, sp. nov.

 Etymology. The epithet refers to the small flowers relative to other species of the genus.

Orchidantha megalantha from Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Borneo. We described it recently in the journal Blumea. The flower is the largest of the family Lowiaceae and its putrid smell may attract dung beetles to pollinate it.

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  Orchidantha megalantha Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen, sp. nov.

 Etymology. The epithet refers to the large flowers relative to other species of the genus.

  A.D. Poulsen and J. Leong-Škorničková. 2017. Two New Orchidantha Species (Lowiaceae) from Borneo.  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants.   62; 157–162. DOI:  10.3767/blumea.2017.62.02.08

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[Botany • 2017] Etlingera frederikii • A New Species of Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) from Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea

Etlingera frederikii A.D.Poulsen

@AxelGinger  

 DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000026  

Abstract

A new species, Etlingera frederikii, is described and illustrated, and is the first record of the genus in the Bougainville Region. Etlingera frederikii and E. cevuga, which occurs in Fiji and Samoa, are the two most easterly species in the distribution range of the genus. The new species differs from Etlingera cevuga in its much larger leaves, with a conspicuously silky-haired band on the ligule; the smaller, narrowly ovoid to cylindrical inflorescence with pale brown bracts (not hemiglobose with reddish brown bracts); and fewer, smaller flowers.

Fig. 1. Photographs of Etlingera frederikii. A, Clump of leafy shoots; B, leafy shoot with two ligules (white triangles indicating sericeous bands) and leaf bases; C, inflorescence in situ; D, inflorescence excavated; E, fertile bract; F, bracteole; G, calyx; H, flower, lateral view (calyx removed).

A and B, Poulsen et al. 2880, made in Lae Botanic Gardens; C–H, the type, Poulsen et al. 2593. Photographs by A. D. Poulsen.  DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000026    

Etlingera frederikii A.D.Poulsen, sp. nov. 

Etymology. Named in honour of H.R.H. Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, who was the patron of the Danish Expedition Fund that planned and executed the Galathea 3 circumnavigation during which this new species was discovered. The Crown Prince has himself participated in expeditions to Central China and Northeast Greenland and has also supported an expedition to Borneo in 2002 led by the first author. 

Distribution. Bougainville Island. So far, documented only from the type locality in ridge forest at 850 m. It is likely to occur naturally on the neighbouring island to the south-east, Choiseul, in the Solomon Islands. A cultivated plant with a dried-up inflorescence in a garden in Buka Town, Buka Island (just north of Bougainville Island) is very likely of the same species.

Vernacular name. Rurutate (Rotokas language). Uses not known. 

Etlingera frederikii A.D.Poulsen

@AxelGinger   DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000026 

 A. D. Poulsen and B. B. Bau. 2017. A New Species of Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) from Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea.  Edinburgh Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000026

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