[Fungi • 2019] Allographa kamojangensis & A. jayatilakana • Discoveries Through Social Media and In Your Own Backyard: Two New Species of Allographa (Graphidaceae) with pigmented lirellae from the Palaeotropics, with A World Key to Species of this Group

Allographa kamojangensis Jatnika, Noer & Lücking

in Jatnika, Weerakoon, Arachchige, et al., 2019. 

DOI: 10.1017/S0024282919000094 

twitter.com/NHM_Botany 

Abstract

The genus Graphis sensu Staiger was recently divided into two genera, Graphis s. str. and Allographa. The latter contains mostly species with robust lirellae with a well-developed, often massively carbonized excipulum. With one exception, it also contains all species with a pigmented, yellow to orange pruina on the lirellae. Until now, seven species of Allographa were known with this character, all present in the Neotropics and one also in Africa. Here we describe two further species, both from tropical Asia, thus extending the known distribution of Allographa species with pigmented lirellae to the entire tropics. Allographa kamojangensis Jatnika, Noer & Lücking sp. nov. from Indonesia (Java) was recognized as a new taxon on the social media Facebook site Lichens Connecting People. Detailed studies showed that it deviates from the neotropical A. firferi in the much larger ascospores and the orange, K+ immediately purple-violet pigment, and from A. lutea in the completely carbonized excipulum and the larger ascospores. Allographa jayatilakana Weerakoon, Arachchige & Lücking sp. nov. was discovered in the second author's backyard during a recent inventory of Graphidaceae in Sri Lanka. It differs from A. flavominiata in the much shorter ascospores, from A. firferi in the terminally muriform ascospores, and from A. ochracea in the yellow-orange, K+ yellow then slowly purple-violet pruina. A key is presented to all nine species of Allographa with pigmented lirellae.

Keywords: Allographa chrysocarpa, anthraquinone pigments, Colombo, Kamojang, lichens, taxonomy

Allographa kamojangensis (holotype), thallus in situ. 

Muhammad Feisal Jatnika, Gothamie Weerakoon, Omal Arachchige, Iin Supartinah Noer, Anna Voytsekhovich and Robert Lücking. 2019.  Discoveries Through Social Media and In Your Own Backyard: Two New Species of Allographa (Graphidaceae) with pigmented lirellae from the Palaeotropics, with A World Key to Species of this Group. The Lichenologist.  51(3); 227-233. DOI: 10.1017/S0024282919000094 

 twitter.com/NHM_Botany/status/1143140184508289024

Lücking R. and Kalb K. 2018. Formal Instatement of Allographa (Graphidaceae): How to Deal with a Hyperdiverse Genus Complex with Cryptic Differentiation and Paucity of Molecular Data. Herzogia. 31(p1); 535-561. DOI:  10.13158/heia.31.1.2018.535

[Fungi • 2019] The Lichen Family Teloschistaceae in the Altai-Sayan Region (Central Asia)

Rusavskia sp. 1 (Vondrák 18102) with Xanthoria-like flat lobes.

in Vondrák, Frolov, Davydov, et al., 2019.

  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.396.1

(bar = 1 mm.) 

Abstract

Within the Altai-Sayan region, we identified 103 species of Teloschistaceae from 1193 field records supported by herbarium vouchers. The recorded species belong to the subfamilies Xanthorioideae (46 species in 14 genera) and Caloplacoideae (57 species in 17 genera); Teloschistoideae is absent. We divided the 194 surveyed localities into four categories: arid alpine, arid non-alpine, humid alpine, humid non-alpine. Each category has a specific lichen composition and a typical combination of traits. Humid non-alpine localities are mostly inhabited by broadly distributed boreal-montane species; humid alpine sites by arctic-alpine lichens; arid non-alpine habitats are preferred by xerophilous Eurasian species and arid alpine sites by xerophilous Central Asian species with (presumably) large geographic ranges in dry continental Asia. Some arid alpine species have a thick crustose thallus with a very thick medulla and cortex; this morphological trait is confined to the Central Asian group of lichens and is absent from other climatic regions, such as arctic, boreal or oceanic Eurasia. We compared species diversity in the Altai-Sayan region with the Alps. Both regions differ in species and generic composition and the richness is higher in the latter.

Taxonomy: Caloplaca fluviatilis is newly described. New combinations are Pachypeltis insularis, P. pachythallina, P. phoenicopta and Variospora sororicida. Two of Magnusson’s names are newly synonymized: Caloplaca infestans with Pachypeltis intrudens and Caloplaca kansuensis with C. bicolor. In addition to 22 known genera, we define, provisionally, 9 groups of species that may merit recognition as genera. Caloplaca epithallina is provisionally placed in Shackletonia, but we do not formally publish a new combination. Lichenicolous Pachypeltis phoenicopta and Variospora sororicida are less host-specific than originally thought.

Floristics: Caloplaca pratensis is new to Eurasia, Caloplaca helygeoides (= C. diphyodes auct.), C. monacensis and C. soralifera are new to Asia. 12 species are new to Russia, 9 new to Siberia, 9 new to China, 2 new to Kazakhstan, and 2 new to Xinjiang. Outside the studied region Pachypeltis phoenicopta is new to Europe (Spain, Sierra Nevada) and we report the first reliable record of Pachypeltis insularis from Greece (Mt Olympus).

Rusavskia sp. 1 (Vondrák 18102) with Xanthoria-like flat lobes.

(bar = 1 mm.)

 Jan Vondrák, Ivan Frolov, Evgeny A. Davydov, Lidia Yakovchenko, Jiří Malíček , Stanislav Svoboda and Jiří Kubásek. 2019. The Lichen Family Teloschistaceae in the Altai-Sayan Region (Central Asia). Phytotaxa. 396(1); 1–66. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.396.1

[Fungi • 2019] Enterographa assamica (Roccellaceae sensu lato) • A New Species from North-East India

Enterographa assamica  Pooja Gupta, S. Joseph & G.P. Sinha

in Gupta, Joseph & Sinha, 2019. 

 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2019.64.1  

  facebook.com/TaiwaniaOffice  

ABSTRACT

 A new species Enterographa assamica, in the family Roccellaceae sensu lato is described from Assam, India. It is characterized by whitish grey thallus, rounded to elongate ascomata with yellowish-white thalline margin and presence of lichexanthone and confluentic acid in the thallus. A key to all the known species of Enterographa in India is also provided.

 KEY WORDS: Arthoniales; Assam; India; Enterographa assamica; Lichenized Ascomycota; Roccellaceae s. l.; Taxonomy. 

Fig. 1. Enterographa assamica.
A. Thallus with ascomata; B & C. Asci with ascospores.

 Scale: A. 1 mm; B & C. 10 µm.

Enterographa assamica Pooja Gupta, S. Joseph & G.P. Sinha sp. nov. 

 Diagnosis: Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal; ascomata rounded to elongate; 0.25–0.55 mm diam., if rounded; 0.5–1(–1.2) × 0.2–0.5 mm, if lirelliform; asci clavate, 8˗spored, 60–80 × 15–19 μm; ascospores hyaline, acicular, transversely 7–11˗septate, slightly curved at the end, (39–)48–55(–60) × 2–3 μm; confluentic acid and lichexanthone present.  

Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the Indian state, Assam, where it was discovered.  

Pooja Gupta, Siljo Joseph and Gopal Prasad Sinha. 2019. Enterographa assamica, A New Species from North-East India. Taiwania. 64(1); 1-3. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2019.64.1   

 facebook.com/TaiwaniaOffice/photos/2199487920273025

[Fungi • 2018] Lamprospora sylvatica (Pyronemataceae) • A New Bryophilous Ascomycete on Dicranum montanum

Lamprospora sylvatica Egertová & Eckstein

in Egertová,  Eckstein, Sochor & Vega, 2018.

DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.357.1.2 

Abstract

Lamprospora sylvatica is described as a new species based on finds from Ukraine, Slovakia, Germany and Norway. It is characterised by the combination of the following features: pinkish, orange to reddish-orange apothecia with a fimbriate margin, globose ascospores with more or less regular areolate ornamentation, infecting strong rhizoids of Dicranum montanum with an infectious structure consisting of a one-celled appressorium surrounded by a multi-layered cluster of thick-walled cells and haustorium within the rhizoids. The apothecia were always found on rotten wood, which is an unusual habitat for hosts of bryophilous Pezizales. The new species is compared to similar taxa morphologically and by means of DNA sequencing. In the phylogenetic analysis based on LSU and ITS regions, L. sylvatica forms a well-supported clade close to L. feurichiana (on Ceratodon purpureus), L. kristiansenii (also on C. purpureus) and L. campylopodis (on Campylopus spp.).

Keywords: Ascomycota, bryosymbiotic fungi, haustoria within rhizoids, Hainich National Park, Malá Fatra National Park, Fungi

FIGURE 1. Lamprospora sylvatica  (B Eckstein-43421). apothecia between shoots of Dicranum montanum.

Scale bar: b = 1 mm. Photo: J. Eckstein.

Lamprospora sylvatica Egertová & Eckstein, sp. nov.

Etymology:— The specific epithet reflects the occurrence in forests. 

Zuzana Egertová, Jan Eckstein,  Michal Sochor and Marcel Vega. 2018. Lamprospora sylvatica (Pyronemataceae), A New Bryophilous Ascomycete on Dicranum montanum. Phytotaxa.  357(1).1; 17–29. DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.357.1.2

[Fungi • 2018] High Diversity, High Insular Endemism and Recent Origin in the Lichen Genus Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota, Peltigerales) in Madagascar and the Mascarenes

in Simon, Goffinet, Magain & Sérusiaux, 2018. 

   DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.012 

Highlights

•  A lineage of Sticta restricted to the Indian Ocean underwent a rapid radiation.

•  The adaptive radiation gave rise to 31 species, most with small-range endemism.

•  The dramatic diversification followed a single colonization event (c. 11 Mya).

Abstract

Lichen biodiversity and its generative evolutionary processes are practically unknown in the MIOI (Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands) biodiversity hotspot. We sought to test the hypothesis that lichenized fungi in this region have undergone a rapid radiation, following a single colonization event, giving rise to narrow endemics, as is characteristic of other lineages of plants. We extensively sampled specimens of the lichen genus Sticta in the Mascarene archipelago (mainly Réunion) and in Madagascar, mainly in the northern range (Amber Mt and Marojejy Mt) and produced the fungal ITS barcode sequence for 148 thalli. We further produced a four-loci data matrix for 68 of them, representing the diversity and geographical distribution of ITS haplotypes. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships within this group, established species boundaries with morphological context, and estimated the date of the most recent common ancestor. Our inferences resolve a robust clade comprising 31 endemic species of Sticta that arose from the diversification following a single recent (c. 11 Mya) colonization event. All but three species have a very restricted range, endemic to either the Mascarene archipelago or a single massif in Madagascar. The first genus of lichens to be studied with molecular data in this region underwent a recent radiation, exhibits micro-endemism, and thus exemplifies the biodiversity characteristics found in other taxa in Madagascar and the Mascarenes.

Keywords: Biogeography; Indian Ocean; Lobariaceae; Photomorph; Radiation

Fig. 1. Representatives of MIOI Sticta species. 
(B) Sticta sp. 20. (C) Sticta sp. 23. (D) S. macrophylla. (E) Sticta sp. 22.

Photographs taken in the field by E. Sérusiaux (A–D) and B. Goffinet (E).

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates the existence of a well-supported monophyletic lineage within the genus Sticta, which is endemic to three islands of the Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar, Mauritius and Réunion (MIOI hotspot). This clade comprises an assemblage of mostly narrow endemic species six times more diverse than previously recognized, highlighting the extent of the undiscovered diversity within lichen-forming fungi in this region, especially in the genus Sticta. Our results strongly support a local species-rich radiation starting in the Late Miocene, that is concomitant with the emergence of the Mascarene archipelago. Thus, the following biogeographic scenario can be tentatively suggested for the MIOI Sticta species: their most recent common ancestor reached either Madagascar or the Mascarenes, via a single long dispersal event, most likely from an area in the Southern Hemisphere; thereafter migrations between the three islands shaped the observed evolutionary patterns and local speciation, including within each Madagascan montane area, giving rise to a rich complex of small-range endemic species.

Antoine Simon, Bernard Goffinet, Nicolas Magain and Emmanuël Sérusiaux. 2018. High Diversity, High Insular Endemism and Recent Origin in the Lichen Genus Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota, Peltigerales) in Madagascar and the Mascarenes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.  122; 15–28.  DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.012

[Fungi • 2018] Genetic Diversity of the Genus Terfezia (Pezizaceae, Pezizales): New Species, Terfezia crassiverrucosa, and New Record from North Africa

Terfezia crassiverrucosa  

  Zitouni-Haouar, G. Moreno, Manjón, Fortas, & Carlavilla

in Zitouni-Haouar, Carlavilla, Moreno, Manjón & Fortas, 2018

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.334.2.7

Abstract

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of large ribosomal subunit (28S rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) of Terfezia samples collected from several bioclimatic zones in Algeria and Spain revealed the presence of six distinct Terfezia species: T. arenaria, T. boudieri, T. claveryi; T. eliocrocae (reported here for the first time from North Africa), T. olbiensis, and a new species, Terfezia crassiverrucosa sp. nov., proposed and described here, characterized by its phylogenetic position and unique combination of morphological characters. A discussion on the unresolved problems in the taxonomy of the spiny-spored Terfezia species is conducted after the present results.

Keywords: desert truffles, Pezizaceae, phylogeny, taxonomy, Fungi

FIGURE 2. Macro- and microscopic characters of Terfezia crassiverrucosa.
a. ascocarp collected under Helianthemum hirtum. b. gleba, cross section. c,d. asci with spores. e–h. ascospores (f–h. scanning electron micrograph).

Bars: a–b = 1 cm, c–d = 10 µm, e = 5 µm, f–g = 5 µm, h = 2 µm.

Terfezia crassiverrucosa Zitouni-Haouar, G. Moreno, Manjón, Fortas, & Carlavilla, sp. nov.  

  Diagnosis:— Ascomata hypogeous, subglobose, substipitate with short basal attachment, <8 cm broad (Fig. 2a). Peridium smooth, light to dark brownish, 100–200 µm thick with emergent hyphae 6–10 µm broad at septa, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of subglobose, polygonal to irregularly oblong cells (9–) 12.5–38 × 15–60(–62) µm, with cell walls 1–2 µm thick. Gleba solid, fleshy, light pink to pale yellow with subglobose to elongate light pink to pale gray pockets of fertile tissue, separated by light yellow to pale orangish yellow sterile veins (Fig. 2b). Asci (4–6)–8– spored, hyaline, often ellipsoid to ovoid or at times subglobose, 51–60 × 60–81 µm, nonstalked (Fig. 2 c & d). Ascospores globose, first hyaline, turning light yellowish to bright orange with age, measuring (16–) 17–21 (–24) µm in diameter including ornamentation, consisting in more or less broad flat truncate to round-tipped warts (0.5–) 1–1.5 × 2–4.5 (– 6) µm, and relatively elongated rounded elements measuring 1–1.5 × 1.5–3 µm. The prominent, crowded ornamentation hides a fine reticulum on the spore surface formed between the warts (Fig. 2 c–h).

Etymology:— The epithet (Latin crassiverrucosa) refers to the large warts covering the spore surface of this species. 

Habitat:— Algerian arid area. In high steppe plains south of Constantine (Chrea, Tebessa), associated with Helianthemum sp. In high steppe plains south of Algiers (Bouchouat, Tiaret), found under Helianthemum hirtum and H. salicifolium associated mostly with Stipa parviflora on sandy loam alkaline soil, in sites also producing T. claveryi and T. eliocrocae. March, April.

  

 Fatima El-Houaria Zitouni-Haouar, Juan Ramón Carlavilla, Gabriel Moreno, José Luis Manjón and Zohra Fortas. 2018. Genetic Diversity of the Genus Terfezia (Pezizaceae, Pezizales): New Species and New Record from North Africa. Phytotaxa.  334(2); 183–194.  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.334.2.7 

[Fungi • 2017] Kalbionora palaeotropica • A New Genus and Species (Malmideaceae, Ascomycota) from Coastal Forests in Southeast Asia and Australia

Kalbionora palaeotropica Sodamuk, Leavitt & Lumbsch

  DOI:  10.3897/mycokeys.22.12528 

Abstract

A new species and genus, Kalbionora palaeotropica, is described for a crustose lichen occurring in coastal forests in Thailand, Vietnam, and northeastern Australia. It is morphologically similar to Malmidea and Eugeniella, but differing in morphological and chemical characters. The single known species in the new genus contains atranorin, zeorin, the stictic acid chemosyndrome and chlorinated xanthones. Morphologically it is characterized by having asci of the Catillaria-type, a yellowish brown colour, a granulose epihymenium, dark brown hypothecium, hyaline, 1–3 transversely septate ascospores. Molecular data strongly support a phylogenetic position in Malmideaceae, sister to a clade including Malmidea, Savoronala and two species currently placed in Lecidea s. lat. (including L. cyrtidia and L. plebeja).

Key words: Lecanorales, lichens, mangroves, taxonomy, tropical diversity

 Taxonomy

Kalbionora palaeotropica Sodamuk, Leavitt & Lumbsch, gen. et, sp. nov.

 Type: THAILAND, Trat Province: Muang District, Nhong Sa Nho Subdistrict, the route to Nature Education Center Ban Pak Khlong Nam Chiew, on the bark of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob., 2014, M. Sodamuk RAMK-24530 (holotype: RAMK; isotypes: F, S).

Figure 1. Morphology and anatomy of Kalbionora palaeotropica, 
A–B habit C cross-section through thallus showing cortex and algal layer D cross-section through apothecium showing dark brown hypothecium E hymenium, and F transversely septate ascospores (holotype).

Scale bars: 0.5 cm (A, B), 20 µm (C), 0.1 mm (D), 10 µm (E), 5 µm (F). 

 Diagnosis: Characterized by having asci of the Catillaria-type, yellowish brown, granulose epihymenium, exciple consisting of prosoplectenchymatous cells, dark brown hypothecium, hyaline, 1-3 transversely septate ascospores, and the presence of atranorin, zeorin, and the stictic and arthothelin chemosyndromes.

Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the occurrence of the species in the Paleotropics, whereas the genus is named after our colleague Klaus Kalb who has made tremendous contributions to our knowledge of tropical lichens and who has been enormously helpful to colleagues in Thailand.

 Mattika Sodamuk, Kansri Boonpragob, Pachara Mongkolsuk, Anders Tehler, Steven D. Leavitt and H. Thorsten Lumbsch. 2017. Kalbionora palaeotropica, A New Genus and Species from Coastal Forests in Southeast Asia and Australia (Malmideaceae, Ascomycota).
  MycoKeys. 22: 15-25.  DOI:  10.3897/mycokeys.22.12528

[Fungi • 2017] Melansporella juglandium • Melansporellaceae: A Novel Family of Diaporthales (Ascomycota)

Melansporella juglandium  C.M. Tian & Z. Du

 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.305.3.6 

Abstract

Melansporellaceae fam. nov. is introduced to accommodate a genus of diaporthalean fungi that is a phytopathogen causing walnut canker disease in China. The family is typified by Melansporella gen. nov. It can be distinguished from other diaporthalean families based on its irregularly uniseriate ascospores, and ovoid, brown conidia with a hyaline sheath and surface structures. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Melansporella juglandium sp. nov. forms a monophyletic group within Diaporthales (MP/ML/BI=100/96/1) and is a new diaporthalean clade, based on molecular data of ITS and LSU gene regions. Thus, a new family is proposed to accommodate this taxon.

Keywords: diaporthalean fungi, fungal diversity, new taxon, Sordariomycetes, systematics, taxonomy, Fungi

FIGURE 2. Melansporella juglandium  C.M. Tian & Z. Du
 A. Habit of ascostroma and conidiomata on twig. B, C. Habit of conidiomata on twig. D. Transverse section through a conidioma. E, I, J. Longitudinal section through conidiomata. F–H. Habit of ascomata on twig. K, L. Conidiophores and conidia. M, N. Conidia. O, P. Asci and ascospores. Q, R. Ascospores.

 Scale bars: A = 5 mm, B–G, J = 500 μm, H, I = 1 mm, K–R = 20 μm.  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.305.3.6 

Taxonomy 

Melansporellaceae C.M. Tian & Z. Du, fam. nov.  

MycoBank 820305
Type genus:— Melansporella.

Melansporella C.M. Tian & Z. Du, gen. nov. 

MycoBank MB 820306

Type species:— Melansporella juglandium.

Etymology:— referring to the dark conidia.

Description:— Perithecia immersed in the substrate, arranged irregularly, ostioles convergent and erumpent through the disc. Asci oblong or fusoid, irregularly uniseriate, 8-spored. Ascospores fusoid, 1-septate, hyaline, lacking appendages. Pycnidial conidiomata with a single locule. Conidiophores hyaline to light brown, simple. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical. Conidia ovoid, brown, sheathed, with surface structures.

Melansporella juglandium C.M. Tian & Z. Du, sp. nov. 

 MycoBank MB820307

Etymology:— juglandium, referring to Juglans regia, the only host known for this species.

.....

Zhuo Du, Kevin D. Hyde, Qin Yang, Ying-Mei Liang and Cheng-Ming Tian. 2017. Melansporellaceae: A Novel Family of Diaporthales (Ascomycota).   Zootaxa. 305(3); 191–200.  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.305.3.6

[Fungi • 2017] Beauveria araneola • A New Araneogenous Fungus in the Genus Beauveria from Guizhou, China

Beauveria araneola   W.H. Chen, Y.F. Han, Z.Q. Liang & D.C. Jin

DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.5 

Abstract

Beauveria araneola sp. nov., a fungus parasitic on spiders, was isolated from a spider at the Experimental Farm of the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, China; and described with morphological and phylogenetic evidences. This species differs morphologically from other species in the genus by its long slender denticulate rachis, cylindrical to ellipsoid conidiogenous cells, and ellipsoidal to globose conidia. Phylogenetic analyses based on three-locus (TEF, RPB1 and Bloc) data strongly support the distinction of this fungus within the genus. Based on the phylogenetic results, B. araneola shares some pleiomorphic traits with soil-borne or entomogenous members of the genus, and is likely to have jumped from soil or insect hosts to spider.

Keywords: Beauveria, host shift, morphology, phylogeny, spider, Fungi, China

Beauveria araneola W.H. Chen, Y.F. Han, Z.Q. Liang & D.C. Jin, sp. nov. 

Type:— CHINA. Guizhou Province: Huaxi, 17 March 2015, Shuai Li (holotype GZAC150317, ex-type culture GZU0317bea and dried ex-type culture GZU0317bea.1).

Etymology:— araneola, referring to its host spider.

Distribution:— Guizhou Province, China.

Wan-Hao Chen, Yan-Feng Han, Zong-Qi Liang and Dao-Chao Jin. 2017.  A New Araneogenous Fungus in the Genus Beauveria from Guizhou, China.
Phytotaxa. 302(1); 57–64. DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.5

[Fungi • 2016] Acervus stipitatus & A. globulosus • Two Novel Acervus Species extend their Distribution within Yunnan, China

Acervus globulosus 

Ekanayaka, Zhao, Jones, Pu & Hyde, 2016

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.5 

   

Abstract

Acervus is a small genus in Pyronemataceae. Most of the species in this genus have been recorded from China. In the present study, two species of Acervus from Yunnan Province, in southwestern China, were investigated by using morphology and DNA sequence data. This paper introduces two new species, Acervus stipitatus and Acervus globulosus, with morphological descriptions, and compares them with morphologically similar taxa. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses inferred from 28S, TEF1 and RPB2 sequence data strongly support the lineages for taxa of Acervus, corresponding to morphological features. We also provide a summarized comparison of the important morphological characteristics of Acervus species.

Keywords: apothecia, discomycetes, inoperculate, phylogeny, taxonomy, Fungi

 Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qi Zhao, Gareth E. B. Jones, En-Da Pu and Kevin D. Hyde. 2016. Two Novel Acervus Species extend their Distribution within Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa. 283(1); 74-83. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.5