[Botany • 2026] Curcuma tenasserimensis (Zingiberaceae, subgen. Ecomatae) • A New Species from Southwestern Thailand

  Curcuma tenasserimensis Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, 

in Boonma, S. Saensouk, P. Saensouk, Srisuk, Phimpha, Ruannakarn, Koompoot et Oo, 2026. 

DOI: doi.org/10.3390/plants15193072

Abstract

Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae comprises several morphologically similar taxa whose delimitation requires careful evaluation of character combinations and intraspecific variation. Botanical surveys across Southwestern Thailand revealed six geographically separated populations of an unidentified Curcuma in Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, and Prachuap Khiri Khan provinces. Taxonomic status was evaluated through detailed comparative morphology and complementary individual-level phenetic analyses of 42 morphological characters using Gower distances, UPGMA clustering, and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). The analyses comprised a population-level assessment of 120 individuals from six populations and an interspecific comparison of 200 individuals, including the same 120 individuals of the putative new taxon and 20 individuals each of four morphologically allied species. The populations are recognized here as a distinct species, Curcuma tenasserimensis Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, sp. nov., based on a consistent combination of vegetative, inflorescence, floral, and reproductive characters that distinguishes them from the morphologically allied species examined. The population-level analysis revealed morphological variation among the six geographically separated populations while retaining their overall morphological cohesion. In the interspecific analysis, individuals of C. tenasserimensis formed an overall morphologically cohesive assemblage that was differentiated from the four allied species examined. Together, comparative morphology and individual-level phenetic analyses are consistent with the recognition of C. tenasserimensis as a morphologically distinct species and further document the still-emerging diversity of subgen. Ecomatae in Southwestern Thailand.

Keywords: Gower distance; morphological differentiation; morphological variation; numerical taxonomy; phenetic analysis; Tenasserim range

  Curcuma tenasserimensis Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, sp. nov.:
 (a) Inflorescence with flowers and sterile bracts. (b) Dorsal corolla lobe. (c) Lateral corolla lobes. (d) Lateral view of stamen. (e) Front view of stamen. (f) Labellum. (g) Lateral staminodes. (h) Epigynous glands and ovary. (i) Seed with arils. (j) Habit. (k) Fruit. (l) Dissected calyx. (m) Lateral view of flower.

Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma.

  Curcuma tenasserimensis Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, sp. nov.:
(a) Habits in natural habitat. (b) Lateral view of inflorescence and flower. (c) Top view of inflorescence and flower. (d) Pinkish fertile bracts. (e) Fruits in inflorescence. (f) Dorsal corolla lobe. (g) Lateral corolla lobes. (h) Labellum. (i) Lateral staminodes. (j) Front view of stamen. (k) Lateral view of stamen. (l) Epigynous glands and ovary. (m) Flower with calyx and ovary.

Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma.

Curcuma tenasserimensis Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, sp. nov.

 Thawatphong Boonma, Surapon Saensouk, Piyaporn Saensouk, Pathomthat Srisuk, Suriya Phimpha, Prasert Ruannakarn, Kamonwan Koompoot and Win Paing Oo. 2026. A New Species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae (Zingiberaceae) from Southwestern Thailand: Morphological Delimitation and Phenetic Evidence. Plants. 15(19), 3072; DOI: doi.org/10.3390/plants15193072 [8 October 2026]

[Botany • 2026] Curcuma koonmeeana (Zingiberaceae, subgen. Hitcheniopsis) • A New endemic Species from Central Thailand

 Curcuma koonmeeana Saensouk, P.Saensouk & Boonma, 

in S. Saensouk, P. Saensouk, Boonma, Ruannakarn, Junsongduang et Setyawan. 2026.  

กระเจียวม่วงคูณมี  |  DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life16101623

Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma.

Abstract

Continued botanical exploration in previously insufficiently surveyed areas of Saraburi Province, Central Thailand, revealed an undescribed member of Curcuma subgen. Hitcheniopsis. This study aimed to formally describe the taxon, assess its morphological distinctiveness, evaluate its phenetic relationships, and provide a preliminary conservation assessment. Morphological observations were based on living and freshly collected material, herbarium specimens, protologues, and comparative taxonomic sources. Phenetic relationships among 11 taxa were assessed using 34 morphological characters, the Gower coefficient, UPGMA clustering, and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). The new species, Curcuma koonmeeana Saensouk, P.Saensouk & Boonma, is distinguished from morphologically allied taxa by a unique combination of fertile-bract architecture, poorly developed coma bracts, well-exserted flowers, labellum morphology and indumentum, yellow markings, and anther-crest configuration. Phenetic analyses summarized overall morphological relationships among the sampled taxa, with Curcuma charanii Boonma & Saensouk showing the greatest Gower similarity to C. koonmeeana. The species is currently known from two populations along the same limestone mountain range and is provisionally assessed as Vulnerable (VU D1). Its recognition increases the known native diversity of subgen. Hitcheniopsis in Thailand to 31 taxa, comprising 30 species and one natural hybrid. The discovery highlights the continuing value of targeted botanical exploration and the need for habitat and population conservation.

Keywords: Curcuma; Hitcheniopsis; limestone; phenetic analysis; Phra Phutthabat; Saraburi; taxonomy

 Curcuma koonmeeana Saensouk, P.Saensouk & Boonma, sp. nov.:
(a) Habit. (b) Thyrse with flowers. (c) Front view of flower. (d,e) Coma bracts. (f) Lateral view of fertile bract. (g) Fertile bract. (h) Front view of anther. (i) Lateral view of anther. (j) Back view of anther. (k) Dorsal corolla lobe. (l) Lateral corolla lobes. (m) Cincinnus with bracteole and flower. (n) Lateral staminodes. (o) Labellum. (p) Flower with calyx and ovary.

Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma.

Curcuma koonmeeana Saensouk, P.Saensouk & Boonma, sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Curcuma koonmeeana is morphologically most similar to C. charanii in having short, non-creeping rhizome branches, glabrous laminae and fertile bracts, exserted flowers, and similarly coloured lateral staminodes, but differs in having an internally pale-yellow rhizome (vs. ivory), globose to subglobose tuberous roots (vs. fusiform), undulate lamina margins (vs. entire), fertile bracts with the lower ones obtrullate and the upper ones rhomboid to lanceolate (vs. broadly ovate), longer, well-exserted flowers (vs. exserted), narrower lateral staminodes with a broadly obtuse to occasionally acute apex (vs. broader, with a rounded apex), a larger, deeply bilobed labellum with a V-shaped sinus c. 8 mm deep (vs. emarginate, with a sinus 4–5 mm deep), and a white filament (vs. pale purple)  

Etymology: The specific epithet “koonmeeana” is named in honor of Mrs. Koonmee Saensouk, in recognition of her invaluable support and contributions behind the study of Zingiberaceae diversity in Thailand.   "กระเจียวม่วงคูณมี"

Surapon Saensouk, Piyaporn Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Prasert Ruannakarn, Auemporn Junsongduang and Ahmad Dwi Setyawan. 2026. Continued Botanical Exploration Uncovers A New endemic Species of Curcuma subgen. Hitcheniopsis (Zingiberaceae) from Central Thailand. Life. 16(10), 1623. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life16101623 [28 September 2026]

[Botany • 2026] Typhonium gonos • A New Species from Northern Thailand and a new synonym [Studies on Typhonium (Araceae: Areae) of Thailand VII]

 

 Typhonium gonos K.Z.Hein & Saensouk, 

in Hein, P. Saensouk, Rakarcha, Warseno et S. Saensouk, 2026.

 taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2214 

 facebook.com/TaiwaniaOffice 

Abstract

Typhonium gonos K.Z.Hein & Saensouk is described and illustrated as a species new to science, restricted to Permian limestone in Phrae Province, Northern Thailand, and compared with its probable closest congener, T. sinhabaedyae Hett. & A.Galloway from Tak Province. In addition, T. pusillum Sookch., V.D.Nguyen & Hett. is newly synonymized under T. gagnepainii J.Murata & Sookch.

Keyword: Aroideae, heterotypic synonym, Indochina, Northern Thailand, permian limestone, plant taxonomy

 Typhonium gonos sp. nov.
 A. Flowering individuals in habitat. B. Plants in habitat showing leaf blade variation within a population.

Photos by T. Uttarapong.

 Typhonium gonos sp. nov.
A. Excavated flowering plant. B. Leaf blade showing abaxial surface. C. Side view of anthomorph at pistillate anthesis. D. Front view of anthomorph at pistillate anthesis. E. Side view of anthomorph at pistillate anthesis (nearside spathe artificially removed to expose the spadix).

Scale bars: A–B.=3 cm, C–E.=5 mm. Photos by T. Sangchun and K.Z. Hein.

Detail of the spadices, each showing pistillate zone, sterile interstice, staminate zone and base of appendix (the near side of the spathe artificially removed).
A. Typhonium gonos sp. nov. B. T. sinhabaedyae.

Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm. Photos by T. Sangchun and K.Z. Hein.

Typhonium gonos K.Z.Hein & Saensouk, sp. nov. 

 Type: THAILAND. Northern: Phrae Province, Long District, Ta Pha Mok Subdistrict, elev. ca. 260 m, 11 May 2026, T. Uttarapong 001 (holotype: ! [spirit collection]; isotype: VMSU! [spirit collection]). 

Diagnosis: Typhonium gonos most closely resembles T. sinhabaedyae Hett. & A.Galloway (Fig. 3B) in its anthomorph, but differs in having a sterile interstice bearing distantly arranged staminodes only in the middle portion, with the lower and upper portions naked (vs. tightly arranged staminodes restricted to the lower part of the sterile interstice immediately above the pistillate zone in T. sinhabaedyae), and a stigma narrower than the ovary narrower than the ovary (vs. wider than the ovary in T. sinhabaedyae).

Etymology: The specific epithet gonos is derived from the Greek γόνος (gonos), meaning seed, semen, or seminal fluid, in allusion to the odour reminiscent of seminal fluid emitted by the anthomorph during pistillate anthesis, and is used as a noun in apposition. 

Details of the spadices of Typhonium gagnepainii showing variation in the shape of the staminodes (A.–C. All specimens originally collected from the same locality).

Scale bars: A-C = 5 mm. Photos by K.Z. Hein.

Khant Zaw Hein, Piyaporn Saensouk, Sarayut Rakarcha, Tri Warseno and Surapon Saensouk. 2026. Studies on Typhonium (Araceae — Areae) of Thailand VII: A New Species and a new synonym.  Taiwania. 71(4); 643-648. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.643 [12 August 2026]

 taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2214

  Researchgate.net/publication/412535832_Studies_on_Typhonium_of_Thailand_VII_A_new_species 

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[Botany • 2026] Boesenbergia calcicola (Zingiberaceae) • A New Species from limestone karst, Northeastern Thailand

 

 Boesenbergia calcicola Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk,

 in Boonma, S. Saensouk, P. Saensouk, Ruengrit, Srisuk, Ruannakarn et Naing, 2026. 

DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life16091480

Abstract

Limestone karst habitats in tropical Asia support specialized and geographically restricted plant diversity, yet many areas remain incompletely explored. During botanical surveys of limestone habitats in northeastern Thailand, a distinctive, yellow-flowered population of Boesenbergia was discovered in Phu Pha Man District, Khon Kaen Province. Morphological observations were conducted on living plants in the natural population and spirit-preserved material, supplemented by comparisons with protologues, published descriptions, and herbarium material. Patterns of phenetic similarity among ten selected Boesenbergia taxa were evaluated using 32 morphological characters, Gower distance, UPGMA clustering, and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). The population is described here as Boesenbergia calcicola Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, sp. nov. It is morphologically most comparable to B. petiolata but differs by its conspicuously exserted inflorescence, shorter bracts and flowers, distally puberulent floral tube, smaller puberulent lateral staminodes, and distinctive labellum color pattern. Phenetic analyses were used to summarize patterns of overall morphological similarity among the examined taxa. The species is currently known only from its limestone type locality at approximately 385 m a.s.l. and is provisionally assessed as Data Deficient (DD). This discovery further documents localized Boesenbergia diversity associated with limestone karst habitats in northeastern Thailand.

Keywords: Boesenbergia; karst; limestone; new species; northeastern; taxonomy; Thailand

 Boesenbergia calcicola Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk, sp. nov.
 (a,b) Habit in natural habitat. (c) Dissected rhizome and tuberous root. (d) Lateral view of flower. (e) Dorsal corolla lobe. (f) Lateral view of corolla lobe. (g) Lateral staminodes. (h) Calyx and ovary. (i) Floral tube and stamen with calyx and ovary. (j) Back view of anther. (k) Front view of ovary. (l) Bract. (m) Bracteole. (n) Ovary with epigynous glands. (o) Labellum, flattened under a glass plate to show its fully expanded shape.

Photographs (a,b) by Mukdamas Ruengrit and (c–o) by Thawatphong Boonma.

Boesenbergia calcicola Boonma, Saensouk & P.Saensouk

Diagnosis. Boesenbergia calcicola is morphologically similar to B. petiolata Sirirugsa in having a terminal inflorescence, lanceolate bracts, a broadly ovate to nearly orbicular labellum when flattened, and an anther crest absent, but differs by its inflorescence conspicuously exserted beyond the leafy shoot (vs. enclosed within or only shortly exserted from the upper leaf sheaths), shorter bracts, 1.5–2.5 cm long (vs. 3–4 cm long), shorter flowers, 2.0–2.5 cm long in lateral projection (vs. c. 4 cm long), a shorter calyx, 3.2–4.8 mm long (vs. c. 5 mm long), a floral tube 1.5–2.5 cm long and sparsely puberulent ...

Etymology: The specific epithet “calcicola” is derived from the Latin calx (genitive calcis), meaning “lime” or “limestone”, and -cola, meaning “dweller”, referring to the occurrence of the species on limestone substrates in Phu Pha Man District, Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand.

 Thawatphong Boonma, Surapon Saensouk, Piyaporn Saensouk, Mukdamas Ruengrit, Pathomthat Srisuk, Prasert Ruannakarn and Min Khant Naing. 2026. Further Botanical Exploration of Limestone Karst Habitats in Northeastern Thailand Reveals a New Yellow-Flowered Species of Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae). Life. 2026, 16(9), 1480; DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life16091480 [4 September 2026]

[Botany • 2026] Typhonium boonmae • A New Species from central Thailand [Studies on Typhonium (Araceae: Areae) of Thailand VI]

 Typhonium boonmae K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk & Saensouk,

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Hein, Rakarcha et Chanthavongsa, 2026.

DOI: doi.org/10.1002/njb.05154

Abstract

A species new to science, Typhonium boonmae K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk and Saensouk, is described and illustrated from Saraburi and Lop Buri Provinces, central Thailand. A detailed description, color plates, comparisons with similar taxa, phenology, distribution, ecology, and a preliminary conservation status assessment are provided.

Keywords: colluvial deposit, Indochina, pedatisect leaf blade, Typhonium bognerianum, Typhonium watanabei

Typhonium boonmae sp. nov. 
(A) Excavated flowering individuals, (B) leaf blade of mature leaf (left showing adaxial surface, right showing abaxial surface), (C) leaf blade of first seasonal leaf (left showing adaxial surface, right showing abaxial surface), (D) leaf blade of juvenile leaf (left showing adaxial surface, right showing abaxial surface), (E) inflorescence at pistillate anthesis (left showing front view, middle showing back view, right showing side view), (F) spadix at pistillate anthesis (nearside of spathe artificially removed), (G) detail of spadix showing pistillate zone, sterile interstice, and staminate zone (nearside of spathe artificially removed).

Scale bars: (A) = 5 cm, (B), (C), (E), and (F) = 2 cm, (D) = 1 cm, (G) = 5 mm. 

Photos by T. Boonma and K. Z. Hein.

Typhonium boonmae K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk & Saensouk sp. nov.  

Diagnosis: A species similar to T. bognerianum J.Murata and Sookch. (Hetterscheid et al. 2001) (Fig. 3A) and T. watanabei J.Murata, Sookch. and Hett. (Murata et al. 2002) (Fig. 3C) in having pedatisect leaf blades with five to seven narrowly linear lobes and similar inflorescence morphology. Typhonium boonmae differs from T. bognerianum by having a stigma narrower than the ovary (versus stigma wider than the ovary), staminodes arranged in a single whorl accompanied by an upper incomplete whorl (versus staminodes arranged in 6–7 whorls), and a sessile appendix (versus stipitate appendix). Typhonium boonmae differs from T. watanabei by having filiform staminodes with acute apices (versus clavate-fusiform staminodes with obtuse or rounded apices), a staminate zone diameter equal to the diameter of the appendix at its base (versus appendix base wider than staminate zone), and a pale yellow to pinkish-orange appendix (versus blackish-grey appendix).

Typhonium boonmae sp. nov. (A) Mature flowering individuals in a clump in situ, (B) inflorescences in situ, left one at post-staminate anthesis and right one at pistillate anthesis.

Photos by T. Boonma and K. Z. Hein.

Details of spadices of Typhonium species with pedatisect leaf blades having narrowly linear lobes (spathe artificially removed).
(A) T. bognerianum, (B) T. boonmae sp. nov., (C) T. watanabei, (D) T. vietnamense, (E) T. lineare, (F) T. pallescens, (G) T. edule.

Photos by K. Z. Hein ((A), (B), (C), (F) and (G), Nguyen Van Canh (D), and Vuong Ba Truong (E)).

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Khant Zaw Hein, Sarayut Rakarcha and Khamfa Chanthavongsa. 2026. Studies on Typhonium (Araceae – Areae) of Thailand VI: Typhonium boonmae sp. nov. from central Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: doi.org/10.1002/njb.05154 [31 August 2026]

[Botany • 2025] Boesenbergia burmanica (Zingiberaceae) • A New Species from Myanmar

 

  Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk:

 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Boonma, Htway, Oo, Naing et Junsongduang, 2025. 

DOI: doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy5040070 

Abstract

Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk, a new species from Naypyidaw Union Territory, Myanmar, is described based on morphological examination of specimens collected during field surveys in 2024–2025. The genus Boesenbergia is taxonomically complex, and ongoing botanical exploration in Southeast Asia continues to reveal undescribed taxa. Comparative analyses of living plants, herbarium materials, and published descriptions were conducted to determine diagnostic features. Boesenbergia burmanica is closely related to B. meghalayensis Aishwarya & M.Sabu but differs in having ovoid, branched rhizomes, a pubescent lamina on both surfaces, and an oblanceolate labellum with bright red markings. It grows in shady, sandy-loam habitats at 140–145 m elevation and flowers from August to September, producing inflorescences with nine to ten flowers. Species of Boesenbergia are traditionally used in Myanmar and neighboring regions as medicinal and ornamental plants, and notes on local ethnobotanical knowledge are provided. The new species exhibits high ornamental potential due to its compact clumping habit and attractive floral coloration. Cultivation guidelines are provided to support ex situ conservation and horticultural development for sustainable use. This discovery increases the number of Boesenbergia species recorded in Myanmar to 14 and highlights the importance of continued field-based taxonomic and conservation research on regional Zingiberaceae diversity.

Keywords: Boesenbergia; conservation; ethnobotany; Myanmar flora; new species; plant diversity; taxonomy; Zingibereae 

  Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk:
(a) Top view of habits. (b) Front view of flower. (c) Abaxial of leaf. (d) Rhizome dissected to show the internal coloration. (g) Side view of pseudostems.
(e) Parts of flower of B. burmanica from left to right: side view of anther, epigynous glands with ovary, calyx, dorsal corolla lobe, lateral corolla lobes, staminodes and labellum.
(f) Parts of flower of B. meghalayensis from left to right: side view of anther, epigynous glands with ovary, calyx, dorsal corolla lobe, lateral corolla lobes, staminodes, and labellum. 

  Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk sp. nov.:
 (a) Front view of anther. (b) Back view of anther. (c) Side view of flower. (d) Side view of anther with floral tube, calyx, and ovary. (e) Bract. (f) Calyx. (g) Habit. (h) Dorsal corolla lobe. (i) Lateral corolla lobes. (j) Staminodes. (k) Epigynous glands and ovary. (l) Labellum.

Illustration drawn by Thawatphong Boonma.

Boesenbergia burmanica Boonma, P.Saensouk & Saensouk sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Boesenbergia burmanica is similar to B. meghalayensis Aishwarya & M.Sabu, but differs in having ovoid, branched rhizomes (vs. running); ovoid tuberous roots (vs. cylindrical); ligule 3–5 mm long (vs. 1–2 mm); lamina narrowly elliptic, pubescent on both surfaces (vs. elliptic, glabrous); bracts pale green, puberulent (vs. white, glabrous); bracteole puberulent (vs. glabrous); rachis elongate with 9–10 flowers (vs. 4–5 flowers); labellum oblanceolate, not saccate, apex incised, white with bright red towards the apex and reddish spots on the mid-lobe (vs. ovate, saccate, apex acute, white with maroon towards the tip, maroon spots in the throat, and pale yellow along the mid-lobe); and larger anther (7.5–7.7 × 3.4–3.6 mm) with smaller crest not touching the anther backside (vs. 5–6 × 2 mm, crest 2.5 × 2 mm, tip touching backside) (Table 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3).

Etymology: The specific epithet “burmanica” refers to Myanmar (formerly Burma), the country where the species was discovered.

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Nyi Nyi Htway, Win Paing Oo, Min Khant Naing and Auemporn Junsongduang. 2025. A New Species of Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae) from Myanmar, with Notes on Diversity, Utilization, Conservation, and Horticultural Potential. Taxonomy. 5(4), 70; DOI: doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy5040070 [17 December 2025]

Researchgate.net/publication/398772402_A_New_Species_of_Boesenbergia_from_Myanmar

[Diplopoda • 2025] Coxobolellus sirindhornae • A New Thai Millipede Species of the Genus Coxobolellus (Spirobolida: Pseudospirobolellidae) from northern Thailand

Coxobolellus sirindhornae 

Pimvichai, Prasankok & Backeljau, 2025

 

กิ้งกือกระบอกหางมนสิรินธร || DOI: doi.org/10.58837/tnh.25.8.266861 

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Abstract

A new millipede species of the genus Coxobolellus is described from Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand: Coxobolellus sirindhornae sp. nov. The new species is defined by its gonopod morphology and COI DNA barcodes. These latter place the new species within the well-supported Coxobolellus clade. The new species exhibits four gonopod synapomorphies that are diagnostic for the genus: (1) a protruding process on the coxae of the 3rd (and sometimes 4th) pair of male legs, (2) large, triangular coxae on the 4th and 5th pairs of legs, (3) a short process on the preanal ring extending to or slightly beyond the anal valves, and (4) the posterior gonopod telopodite divided into two parts, with a conspicuous pore opening at the mesal margin at the end of the coxal part. The new species is included in an updated morphological identification key for all currently recognized Coxobolellus species.

Keywords: DNA barcoding, gonopod morphology, identification key, phylogeny

Live Coxobolellus sirindhornae sp. nov., holotype, (CUMZ-D00156) from Mae Hong Son Province (Photos by P. Pimvichai).

Coxobolellus sirindhornae sp. nov. 

กิ้งกือกระบอกหางมนสิรินธร

Piyatida Pimvichai, Pongpun Prasankok and Thierry Backeljau. 2025. A New Thai Millipede Species of the Genus Coxobolellus Pimvichai, Enghoff, Panha & Backeljau, 2020 (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pseudospirobolellidae). Tropical Natural History. Supplement 8 (2025): 38-51. DOI: doi.org/10.58837/tnh.25.8.266861 

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[Botany • 2025] Typhonium cucullatum • A New Species from Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand [Studies on Typhonium (Araceae) of Thailand III]

 

Typhonium cucullatum K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk & Saensouk, 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Hein, Boonma, Rakarcha et Naive. 2025. 

 taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2087 

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Abstract

Typhonium cucullatum, a new species from Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand, is described and illustrated. A detailed description, color plates, a discussion of similar taxa, phenology, distribution, and a conservation status assessment are provided.

Keyword: Areae, Aroideae, Cretaceous sandstone, Indochina, spathe movement, Typhonium laoticum

Typhonium cucullatum sp. nov.
A. Excavated flowering individual showing adaxial surface of leaf blades, B. Side view of inflorescence at post-pistillate anthesis, C. Detail of spadix showing pistillate zone, sterile interstice, and staminate zone (nearside of spathe artificially removed), D. Spadix at post-pistillate anthesis (nearside of spathe artificially removed), E. Excavated flowering individual showing abaxial surface of leaf blades.  
Spathe movement of Typhonium cucullatum sp. nov. during anthesis. A. & B. Inflorescence at early pistillate anthesis, spathe limb erect, gaping and expanding to reveal the staminate zone, C. & D. Inflorescence at middle pistillate anthesis, spathe limb reflexing and curling strongly backward, E. & F. Inflorescence at post-pistillate anthesis, spathe limb gradually curving forward, with the lower part of the spathe limb margins strongly convolute, closing over the staminate zone, G. & H. Inflorescence at staminate anthesis, forward curvature of the spathe limb most prominent. (A., C., E., G. Front view of inflorescence, B., D., F., H. Side view of inflorescence)

 Photos by: Khant Zaw Hein.

 

Typhonium cucullatum K.Z.Hein, P.Saensouk & Saensouk, sp. nov. 

Diagnosis: Typhonium cucullatum is unique within the genus in having a spathe limb that curves strongly forward, forming a hood-like shape at the end of pistillate anthesis and remaining intact through post-staminate anthesis despite signs of withering. In overall morphology, T. cucullatum is most similar to T. laoticum (Gagnepain, 1942), but can be readily distinguished by its spathe limb curving strongly forward (vs. the spathe limb reflexed backward in T. laoticum), a shorter staminate zone with 4–6 whorls of stamens (vs. 12–15 whorls of stamens in T. laoticum), and a stipitate appendix (vs. a sessile appendix in T. laoticum).

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin cucullatus, meaning ‘hooded’, referring to the spathe limb becoming forwardly curved and hood-like.

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Khant Zaw Hein, Thawatphong Boonma, Sarayut Rakarcha and Mark Arcebal K. Naive. 2025. Studies on Typhonium Schott (Araceae) of Thailand III: Typhonium cucullatum, A New Species from Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand. Taiwania. 70(3); 398-402.  DOI: 10.6165/tai.2025.70.398 [2025 June 18]   taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2087

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[Botany • 2025] Cornukaempferia puangpeniae & C. aurantiiflora var. vespera (Zingiberaceae) • New Taxa from northern Thailand

  

Cornukaempferia puangpeniae P. Saensouk, Saensouk, Boonma & Techa, 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Boonma, Techa, Rakarcha, Ragsasilp et Nguyen, 2025. 

เปราะทองอาจารย์พวงเพ็ญ  ||  DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41603  

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Abstract

Thailand hosts a diverse array of plants in the Zingiberaceae family, with over 150 endemic species, highlighting its significance in global biodiversity. The genus Cornukaempferia stands out for its ornamental and medicinal value. During a research expedition in Northern Thailand, a previously unknown Cornukaempferia species was discovered in Sukhothai province, expanding the known distribution range. It was confirmed through comprehensive taxonomic analysis as a new species, Cornukaempferia puangpeniae. Additionally, a new variety, C. aurantiiflora var. vespera, was identified in Uttaradit Province. The genus now encompasses eight species and two varieties with the addition of these taxa, exhibiting a notable prevalence in Thailand and highlighting its significant endemism. Particularly, C. larsenii is noteworthy for being native to Thailand and Laos. Detailed morphological descriptions, including diagnoses with related taxa, were provided. The species' ecological characteristics, pollen morphology, traditional uses, and conservation status were documented. A revised key to species and varieties in the genus Cornukaempferia, including a UPGMA cluster analysis dendrogram elucidating morphological relationships within the genus, was presented. These discoveries contribute to the botanical knowledge of the region, underscoring the importance of continued exploration and conservation efforts in preserving its rich flora.

 

Keywords: Cornukaempferia, new species, Sukhothai, Taxonomy, Uttaradit, Zingiberaceae

Cornukaempferia puangpeniae P. Saensouk, Saensouk, Boonma & Techa sp. nov.;
 (A) young leaf is rolled and erect before unfurling; (B) flower; (C) habit; (D) habitat

 (Photographs: A–B by T. Boonma, C by S. Saensouk, D by C. Techa).

 Cornukaempferia puangpeniae P.Saensouk, Saensouk, Boonma & Techa sp. nov

Diagnosis: Similar to C. kamolwaniae Picheans., Yupparach & Wongsuwan, but differs, particularly in dormancy characteristics, in having a tuberous root with two layers: a light brown core and an outer yellow layer (vs. C. kamolwaniae, which have a brownish inner core, followed by an orange-brownish middle layer, and finally an outer layer in yellow-oak); leaf sheath 5–7 cm long (vs. 3.5–4 cm long); lamina adaxially dark green with a dark reddish-purple tinge (vs. dark green without a dark reddish-purple tinge); bracts pubescent (vs. glabrous with a pubescent apex); floral tube sparsely hairy (vs. glabrous); staminodes apex acute (vs. apex rounded); labellum apex acute without incision (vs. apex rounded with an incision 2–3 mm long); filament 4.5–5 mm long, sparsely hairy (vs. 7–9 mm long, glabrous); anther 2.5–2.8 cm long (vs. 1.5–1.8 cm long); epigynous glands measure approximately 4 mm in length (vs. 1–2 mm in length).

Etymology: The specific epithet “puangpeniae” is a tribute to Prof. Dr. Puangpen Sirirugsa, a renowned botanist with expertise in Zingiberaceae. She holds the distinction of being the first Thai researcher to conduct extensive studies on the Zingiberaceae family in Thailand.

Cornukaempferia aurantiiflora var. vespera P. Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma var. nov.;
(A) habit in natural habitat; (B) top view of flower; (C) top view of habit

(Photographs: A by T. Boonma, B–C by S. Saensouk).

 Cornukaempferia aurantiiflora var. vespera P.Saensouk, Saensouk & Boonma var. nov

Etymology: “vespera” is derived from the Latin word “vesperum”, meaning “evening”, which refers to its flower blooming in the evening.

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Chainarong Techa, Sarayut Rakarcha, Areerat Ragsasilp and Danh Duc Nguyen. 2025. Cornukaempferia puangpeniae sp. nov. and C. aurantiiflora var. vespera var. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Northern Thailand.  Heliyon. 11(2), e41603. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41603  

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[Botany • 2025] Hayarum mirispathum (Araceae: Aroideae) • A New Genus and Species from Thailand

Hayarum mirispathum K.Z.Hein, Prehsler, Saensouk & S.L.Low,  

in Hein, Prehsler, Saensouk et Low, 2025. 

 taiwania.NTU.edu.tw/abstract/2048 

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Abstract

The new monotypic genus Hayarum K.Z.Hein, Prehsler, Saensouk & S.L.Low from Thailand, with the sole species Hayarum mirispathum K.Z.Hein, Prehsler, Saensouk & S.L.Low, is described based on comprehensive morphological and phylogenetic evidence. A detailed taxonomic account of the new genus, morphological comparisons with related genera, and brief observations on its flowering biology and spathe movement are provided.

Keyword: Areae, Arisaemateae, Indochina, insect-trapping mechanism, Pinellia, spathe movement, Typhonium

Hayarum mirispathum gen. nov. et sp. nov.
A. Cultivated flowering plant, B. Inflorescence at pistillate anthesis (spathe limb strongly reflexed and curled), C.–D. Inflorescence at post pistillate anthesis (spathe limb beginning to uncurl and gradually becoming erect), E. Inflorescence at post staminate anthesis (pollen released, spathe limb closing, partly leaving the appendix visible and remaining erect, spathe base margins recurve and gaping, revealing the staminate zone), F. Detail of spadix showing pistillate zone, sterile zone, staminate zone, supra-staminal sterile zone, and base of the appendix (nearside spathe artificially removed), G. Longitudinal section of pistil with with a single erect, sessile ovule on a basal placenta.

Scale bars: A=2 cm, B–E=1 cm, F=5 mm. 

Photos by D. Prehsler.

Hayarum K.Z.Hein, Prehsler, Saensouk & S.L.Low, gen. nov. 

Diagnosis: Hayarum, with its sole species H. mirispathum, is uniquely defined by the combination of its remarkable spathe movement during anthesis, a pistillate zone of the spadix free from the spathe, a short sterile zone between the pistillate and staminate zones which is completely covered with a single whorl of subglobose staminodes, a staminate zone wholly contained within the spathe base and a unilocular ovary with a single erect, sessile ovule on a basal placenta. Hayarum shares certain morphological features with the genus Pinellia, notably the unilocular ovary with a single erect, sessile ovule on a basal placenta, and the gaping of spathe base margins during late staminate anthesis. However, in Pinellia, the spathe is mostly with a transverse septum between the pistillate and staminate zone, and its pistillate zone is adnate to the spathe. In contrast, Hayarum lacks this transverse septum and its pistillate zone is entirely free from the spathe. The inflorescence of Hayarum resembles that of the genus Typhonium, but the latter differs by having non-opening spathe base throughout anthesis, ovaries with a single ovule held obliquely on a funicle on a basal placenta, and a staminate zone which is completely exserted from the spathe base. 

Etymology: The generic name Hayarum honors British botanist Alistair Hay (+ ‘arum’, from the Greek αρου, an ancient name for Arum). Alistair Hay is an expert on Asian Araceae and the former Director of the Sydney Botanical Garden in Australia. In recognition of his outstanding contributions to aroid research, he was awarded the H.C. Schott Award for excellence in aroid research in 2023. Hay is regarded as the world authority on the subfamily Lasioideae (Araceae) and has conducted extensive research on the Malesian and Australian Araceae. He also inspired the first author (KZH) to pursue the study of aroids and has always kindly suggested and guided throughout his aroid research. 

Hayarum mirispathum K.Z.Hein, Prehsler, Saensouk & S.L.Low, sp. nov. 

Diagnosis: Hayarum mirispathum bears the closest morphological resemblance to Pinellia and Typhonium. Hayarum mirispathum differs from Pinellia in several key morphological traits. It has a pistillate zone of the spadix that is free from the spathe, a short sterile zone between the pistillate and staminate zones that is completely covered with a single whorl of staminodes, and a spadix shorter than the spathe. In contrast, Pinellia exhibits a pistillate zone adnate to the spathe, a longer prominent sterile zone between the pistillate and staminate zones that is entirely naked, and a spadix much longer than the spathe. Hayarum mirispathum differs from Typhonium, to which it bears the closest resemblance, in having gaping spathe base margins during late staminate anthesis, a unilocular ovary with a single erect, sessile ovule on a basal placenta, and a staminate zone that is fully contained within the spathe base. Typhonium possess non-gaping spathe base margins throughout anthesis, a unilocular ovary with a single obliquely positioned ovule on a funicle on a basal placenta, and a staminate zone fully exserted from the spathe base.

Etymology: The specific epithet mirispathum is derived from the Latin ‘mirus’ (wonderful or marvelous) and ‘spathus’ (spathe) referring to the remarkable spathe movement observed during anthesis in this species.

Khant Zaw Hein, David Prehsler, Surapon Saensouk and Shook Ling Low. 2025. Hayarum mirispathum (Araceae —Aroideae): A New Genus and Species from Thailand. Taiwania. 70(1); 65 - 74. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2025.70.65  taiwania.NTU.edu.tw/abstract/2048

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[Botany • 2024] Curcuma sumonii & C. wanchaii (Curcuma subg. Curcuma, Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae) • A New Taxa from Thailand

 

Curcuma sumonii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Boonma & Techa 

C. wanchaii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma, 

in P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, Boonma, Ragsasilp, Maknoi, Techa, Srisuk et Souladeth, 2024. 

DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79261-x 

(Photographs by T. Boonma).

Abstract 

This research presents the discovery of two novel taxa, Curcuma sumonii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Boonma & Techa, and C. wanchaii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma, belonging to the Curcuma subgenus Curcuma. Curcuma sumonii was collected in Sukhothai Province, Northern Thailand, while C. wanchaii was found in Kanchanaburi Province, Southwestern Thailand. Our study provides a comprehensive documentation of their morphological attributes, including detailed descriptions supported by visual aids. In addition to morphological data, we offer insights into vernacular names, ecological characteristics, phenology, traditional uses, conservation status, and distribution maps. Morphological comparison Tables 1 and 2 are provided to differentiate between these newly discovered taxa and their allied species. Furthermore, we present an identification key to facilitate the differentiation of these taxa from their allied species. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of biodiversity within the Curcuma genus and offer valuable information for further conservation efforts and taxonomic research.

Keywords: Curcuma, Critically endangered, Kanchanaburi, Sukhothai, Taxonomy, Zingiberales 

Curcuma sumonii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Boonma & Techa sp. nov.
 (A) habit in natural habitat, and (B) side view of inflorescence with flowers.

(Photographed by Surapon Saensouk).

 Curcuma sumonii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Boonma & Techa, sp. nov. 

Curcuma wanchaii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma sp. nov.
(A) inflorescences, (B) flower, (C) side and front view of anther, (D) habits in the natural habitat, growing along with Globba substrigosa King ex Baker.

(Photographs by Thawatphong Boonma).

C. wanchaii Saensouk, P.Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma, sp. nov. 

  

Piyaporn Saensouk, Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma, Areerat Ragsasilp, Charan Maknoi, Chainarong Techa, Pathomthat Srisuk and Phetlasy Souladeth. 2024.  Curcuma sumonii sp. nov., and C. wanchaii sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae), Two New Taxa of Curcuma subgen. Curcuma from Thailand. Scientific Reports. 14: 27541. DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79261-x