[Botany • 2019] Natural Hybridization – Recombination – An ever-ongoing Process

Figure 5. Spathe limbs of the Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. complex. – A. C. crispatula var. yunnanensis (H.Li) H.Li & N.Jacobsen, Ban Phon Gun Nam Ken, central Laos; B. C. crispatula var. crispatula (albida like), Nam Cheng, central Laos;  M. C. crispatula var. flaccidifolia N.Jacobsen, Khao Sok River, PEN Thailand;  Q. C. albida (crispatula like), 3 Pagoda Pass, SW Thailand.  Scale 2 cm.
Figure 1. Cryptocoryne albida Parker on a sandbank and C. crispatula Engl. var. flaccidifolia N.Jacobsen submerged in the river; Khao Sok River, S Thailand.

in Jacobsen & Ørgaard, 2019. 

  DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2019.47.1.05

ABSTRACT

Exemplified by studies of the SE Asian genus Cryptocoryne (Araceae) we provide evidence that: 1) interspecific hybridization is an everongoing process, and introgression and gene exchange takes place whenever physically possible throughout the region; 2) artificial hybridization experiments confirm that wide crosses are possible in a large number of cases; 3) rivers and streams provide numerous, diverse habitats for Cryptocoryne diaspores to settle in; 4) the changes in habitats caused by recurrent glaciations resulting in numerous splitting and merging of populations facilitates hybridization and segregation of subsequent generations; 5) hybridization is a major driving element in speciation; 6) populations are the units and stepping stones in evolution – not the species.

KEYWORDS:  Araceae, Chromosome numbers, Cryptocoryne, hybridization, evolution

Figure 3. Spathe limbs of different Cryptocoryne species.
 A. C. usteriana Engl., Philippines; B. C. nevillii Hook.f., Sri Lanka; C. C. walkeri Schott, Sri Lanka;  D. C. matakensis Bastm. et al., Anambas Islands; E. C. bangkaensis Bastm., South Sumatera Province and the Islands Bangka and Belitung; F. C. alba De Wit, Sri Lanka; G. C. griffithii Schott, southern Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Riau Islands and southern Central Kalimantan; H. C. idei Budianto, Central Kalimantan. Scale bar 2 cm.

Figure 5. Spathe limbs of the Cryptocoryne crispatula Engl. complex. – A. C. crispatula var. yunnanensis (H.Li) H.Li & N.Jacobsen, Ban Phon Gun Nam Ken, central Laos; B. C. crispatula var. crispatula (albida like), Nam Cheng, central Laos;  M. C. crispatula var. flaccidifolia N.Jacobsen, Khao Sok River, PEN Thailand;  Q. C. albida (crispatula like), 3 Pagoda Pass, SW Thailand.  Scale 2 cm.
Figure 1. Cryptocoryne albida Parker on a sandbank and C. crispatula Engl. var. flaccidifolia N.Jacobsen submerged in the river; Khao Sok River, S Thailand.

Niels Jacobsen and Marian Ørgaard. 2019. Natural Hybridization – Recombination – An ever-ongoing Process. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 47(1); 19-28.  DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2019.47.1.05

[Botany • 2019] Arisaema melanostomum (Araceae) • A New Species from China

Arisaema melanostomum 

in Ma, Du & Wang, 2019.

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.395.4.2 

 instagram.com/baxianzimemeda

Abstract

A new species, Arisaema melanostomum, and a new combination, A. yunnanense subsp. quinquelobatum, are proposed, described and illustrated in this article.

Keywords: Arisaema melanostomum, Arisaema sect. Flagellarisaema, Arisaema sect. Odorata, Arisaema yunnanense subsp. quinquelobatum, Monocots

Zheng-Xu Ma, Wen-Yan Du and Xiao-Yun Wang. 2019. A New Species and A New Combination of the Genus Arisaema (Araceae) from China. Phytotaxa. 395(4); 265–276. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.395.4.2   

instagram.com/p/Bu_mgpClu2W 

  

[Botany • 2018] Cryptocoryne joshanii (Araceae) • A New Species Serendipitously Discovered in Sulu archipelago, Philippines

 Cryptocoryne joshanii Naive & Villanueva 

in Naive & Villanueva, 2018. 

   DOI: 10.6165/tai.2018.63.248 

Photos by: M.A.K. Naive. 

ABSTRACT

 A new species, Cryptocoryne joshanii Naive & Villanueva, from the island of Basilan, Philippines, is herein described and illustrated. It is comparable to C. usteriana, but differs significantly in having lanceolate leaves, acicular, outwardly recurved, purplish red stigmas and an erect spathe limb. Information on the geographical distribution, ecological data, phenology and conservation status as well as an identification key to the Philippine Crytocoryne species are provided.

 KEY WORDS: Aroids, Basilan, Cryptocoryne, Mindanao, New species, Sulu archipelago, Philippines. 

Fig. 1. Cryptocoryne joshanii Naive & Villanueva 

A. Habit B. Spathe C. Leaf D. Cataphyll E. Kettle F. Tube, limb G. Spadix showing the male and female flowers. 

Photos by: M.A.K. Naive. 

Scale bar: C, D = 5 cm; E, F = 2 cm; G = 1 cm.

Cryptocoryne joshanii Naive & Villanueva, sp. nov. 

 Type: PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Region, Sulu Archipelago, Basilan Island, elev. 850 m, May 2013. R.J. Villanueva 001/2017 (holo HNUL, iso USTH) - Full locality data withheld owing to the risk of potential exploitation of wild populations for commercial purposes. 

Diagnosis: Somewhat similar to C. usteriana in the spathe, but it differs significantly in having an acicular, outwardly recurved, purplish red stigmas and an erect smooth limb. The leaves are clearly different by being smooth, light green with markings. 

Distribution: This Philippine endemic species has only been observed and documented in Sulu archipelago, particularly on the island of Basilan, Philippines. It is very local and despite of extensive survey along the stream and in other areas, it occurs only on the site where the sample was collected. 

Ecology: The population of this species was found growing in a slow flowing montane forest stream in the interior of Basilan Island. The forest is relatively dense with only 40% sunlight reaching the stream bed. The population grows on volcanic rock in the stream several meters from the waterfall at elevations of about 800– 1000 m a.s.l. The roots and rhizomes were noted to penetrate deep into the pebble/sandy substrate rich with decaying leaves. The entire clump was submerged or partly submerged with leaves exposed. 

Eponomy: Named after Joshan Vlad A. Villanueva, son of the discoverer/second author.  

Notes: Based on overall morphology, Cryptocoryne usteriana, appears to be the closest ally of C. joshanii. However, C. joshanii differs significantly in having these following characters: lanceolate leaves, an erect apex of the limb and in having acicular, outwardly recurved, purplish red stigmas.

Mark Arcebal K. Naive and Reagan Joseph T. Villanueva. 2018.  Cryptocoryne joshanii (Araceae), A New Species Serendipitously Discovered in Sulu archipelago, Philippines. Taiwania. 63(3); 248-250.  DOI: 10.6165/tai.2018.63.248 

[Botany • 2018] Idimanthus amorphophalloides • A New Aroid Genus (Araceae-Caladieae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

 Idimanthus amorphophalloides E.G. Gonç.

in Gonçalves, 2018

 DOI:  10.11646/hytotaxa.351.1.8 

Abstract

The monotypic genus Idimanthus (Araceae-Caladieae), represented by the species Idimanthus amorphophalloides, is here described and illustrated. It differs from all Caladieae by its connective ending in a rostrate beak turned downward, but the combination of cormous geophytic stem, copious endosperm, densely arranged fertile flowers and sterile flowers densely arranged in an apical appendix did not match any other genera in the tribe. It was collected in a marble outcrop in Northern Rio de Janeiro state, in the county of Italva, nearby the city of Cardoso Moreira as an understory herb. The aspect of leafless inflorescences with a long apical staminoidal area appearing directly from the soil is remarkably peculiar for Southeastern Brazilian aroids.

Keywords: Atlantic forest, geophyte, rocky outcrop, Monocots

Figure 2. Idimanthus amorphophalloides. leafy specimens covering the ground in the habitat.

Idimanthus E.G.Gonç. gen. nov.

Eponymy:–– The generic name honors Idimá Gonçalves da Costa, an active plant collector from Rio de Janeiro, which spotted this plant in the wild for the first time and cultivated it.

 Idimanthus amorphophalloides E.G. Gonç., sp. nov.

Etymology:— The specific epithet aludes the resemblance with a miniature specimen of the aroid genus Amorphophallus, mainly because of its peculiar habit of flowering much before any sight of the leaves.

Eduardo G. Gonçalves. 2018. Idimanthus: A New Aroid Genus (Araceae—Caladieae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brasil. Phytotaxa.  351(1); 88–92. DOI:  10.11646/hytotaxa.351.1.8

[Botany • 2017] Vietnamocasia dauae • A New Genus from Central Vietnam belonging to the Alocasia-Colocasia clade (Araceae)

Vietnamocasia N.S. Lý, S.Y. Wong & P.C. Boyce

Vietnamocasia dauae N.S. Lý, T. Haevermans, Y.S. Wong & D.V. Nguyen

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.303.3.5 

Abstract

Vietnamocasia, a new monotypic aroid genus in the Alocasia-Colocasia clade, is described with the type species, Vietnamocasia dauae. Vietnamocasia is distinguished by possessing free individual staminate flowers, lacking expanded synconnectives, and having nodding inflorescences. Vegetatively Vietnamocasia is reminiscent of species of the distantly closely related Alocasia Cuprea Group, although Vietnamocasia is so far only known from the type locality in Central Vietnam, over 1200 km NE from the nearest representative of the Alocasia Cuprea Group. The phylogenetic analyses of Vietnamocasia dauae together with representative taxa from all genera of the Alocasia-Colocasia clade recovered Vietnamocasia as a strongly supported clade sister to Alocasia, together nested in a clade to which Leucocasia is a sister taxon. Vietnamocasia dauae is illustrated from living plants and with a line drawing. A key to all genera of Alocasia-Colocasia clade is included.

Keywords: Endemics, Indochina, Malesia, phylogeny, Vietnamocasia dauae, Monocots

Figure 3. Vietnamocasia dauae. A. Habit; B. Leaf blades: adaxially and abaxially with their closed-up of the leaf bases (from left); C. Inflorescence (front view); D. Cataphyll, spathe (back view), and spadix (from left); E. Close-up of pistillate (E1), sterile interstice (E2) and staminate zones showing free individual staminate flowers (a red arrow, E3); F. Closed-up of appendix; G. pistillate zone after anthesis with lower spathe; H. Fruit spathe (back and front views); I. Longitudinal section of fruit spathe and infructescences (from left).

Vietnamocasia N.S.Lý, S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce, gen. nov. 

Type: Vietnamocasia dauae N.S.Lý, S. Y. Wong, T.Haevermans & D.V.Nguyen, sp. nov.

 Etymology:— Vietnamocasia is compounded from the Greek classical name kolokasia, itself from an old Middle Eastern name qolqas (Nicolson 1987) and the root of Alocasia and Leucocasia (and the more distantly related Colocasia) + Vietnam. 

Distribution:— Vietnamocasia is so far known only from the type locality and its vicinity. 

Ecology:— At Mount Dầu Vietnamocasia dauae grows in moist shady understory of hillsides in secondary broadleaved forest dominated by dipterocarps at 150–490 m elevation. At the other known locality, Cà Đam, it occurs in primary evergreen broad-leaf forest at about 790 m elevation.

Vietnamocasia dauae N. S. Lý, T. Haevermans, Y. S. Wong & D. V. Nguyen, sp. nov. 

Etymology:— The specific epithet is for Mount Dầu, the type locality, treated as feminine.  

Lý Ngọc-Sâm, Wong Sin Yeng, Thomas Haevermans, Nguyễn Văn Dư and PETER C. Boyce. 2017. Vietnamocasia, A New Genus from Central Vietnam belonging to the Alocasia-Colocasia clade (Araceae). Phytotaxa. 303(3);  253–263.  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.303.3.5

http://www.aroid.org/gallery/boyce/Vietnamocasia%20dauae%20-%20%5BPhytotaxa%20303%283%29%20253%E2%80%93263%5D%20-%20Ly%20et%20al.%202017.pdf

Researchgate.net/publication/316162257_Vietnamocasia_a_new_genus_from_Central_Vietnam_belonging_to_the_Alocasia-Colocasia_clade_Araceae

[Botany • 2017] Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (Araceae), A New Threatened Species Endemic to the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia)

Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman 

 DOI: 10.15553/c2016v711a10 

Abstract

Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (Araceae) is described as new and illustrated. The new species is similar to Arisaema anomalum Hemsl. but differs by the morphology of its spathe. It is placed under Arisaema sect. Anomalum Gusman & L. Gusman based on morphological and growth characters, the latter observed in the field and unique to that section. Arisaema brinchangense is endemic to the Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, and is assessed as “Critically Endangered” following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria due to habitat loss.

Keywords: ARACEAE, Arisaema, Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highlands, Taxonomy, New species

Etymology. – The species epithet refers to Mount Brinchang (2,031 m), where the type specimen was collected.

Distribution and Habitat.– Arisaema brinchangense is so far known only from around the summit of Mount Brinchang, Cameron highlands where it grows in the montane forest c. 2000 m on moist forest floor covered with thick organic litter under deep to semi-shaded condition.

 Yee Wen Low, David Scherberich  and Guy Gusman. 2017. Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (Araceae), A New Threatened Species Endemic to the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia). Candollea. 71(1); 83–89.  DOI: 10.15553/c2016v711a10

ResearchGate.net/publication/299508239_Arisaema_brinchangense_Araceae_a_New_Threatened_Species_Endemic_to_the_Cameron_Highlands_Peninsular_Malaysia

  

[Botany • 2016] Cryptocoryne aura • A New Species (Araceae) from West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Cryptocoryne aura 

  Wongso & Ipor 
  DOI: 10.3372/wi.46.46209

Abstract 

A new species, Cryptocoryne aura Wongso & Ipor, from West Kalimantan, Indonesia, is described and illustrated. It differs from other Cryptocoryne species primarily by having a transparent, ciliate membrane along the leaf margin and a short spathe with a yellow, forward-twisted limb. It has a chromosome number of 2n = 26, which has not hitherto been recorded within the genus. The morphology of the germinating seed is unique within the genus, the embryo emerging c. ⅓ from the distal end of the seed with 3(or 4) plumulary processes (prophylls).

Keywords: Araceae, Cryptocoryne, aroids, taxonomy, new species, chromosome number, seedlings, Indonesia, Borneo, Kalimantan

 Cryptocoryne aura Wongso & Ipor, sp. nov.

Holotype: Indonesia, Kalimantan Barat, West Kalimantan, Kabupaten Sekadau, Kecematan Nanga Taman, 26 Feb 2015, S. Wongso & I. B. Ipor SW1508 (BO; isotypes: C, L, M, SAR, Herbarium Universiti Malaysia Sarawak).

Diagnosis — Cryptocoryne aura differs from all other Cryptocoryne species by having the leaf blade margin with a distinct, whitish, slightly transparent, undulate membrane with whitish, short, ciliate trichomes. The germinating seed is unique within the genus in that the embryo emerges c. ⅓ from the distal end of the seed and bears 3(or 4) plumulary processes (prophylls). Its chromosome number of 2n = 26 has hitherto not been recorded for Cryptocoryne. 

Fig. 2. Cryptocoryne aura — A: habitat at type locality with slower-flowing water; B: close-up of plants in A.

 Photographed on 26 February 2015 by S. Wongso.

Fig. 3. Cryptocoryne aura, close-up of plants in Fig. 2. — A: newly opened spathes showing subobliquely twisted limb; B: older spathes showing forward-twisted limb. 

Photographed on 26 February 2015 by S. Wongso.

Etymology — The epithet alludes to the well-developed, slightly transparent, whitish membrane surrounding the leaf margin, which is likened to an aura.

Remarks — Cryptocoryne aura has a growth stature resembling that of C. elliptica Hook. f. (Peninsular Malaysia) and C. bogneri Rataj (Sri Lanka) in having all parts of the plant of small size and a rosette of many leaves, indicating that the plants are situated in shallow water with the leaf blades just below the water surface. This common rosette phenomenon in these species is no doubt an adaptation to similar habitat niches and does not necessarily reflect a close phylogenetic relationship.

The morphology of the germinating embryo is unique for the genus, with the seeds having a rather thin and pointed distal end, with the embryo breaking through the testa c. ⅓ from this end with 3(or 4) plumulary processes (prophylls); the primary root emerges from the distal end of the seed, while secondary roots emerge along with the plumulary processes.

 Suwidji Wongso, Isa B. Ipor, Cheksum S. Tawan, Hendra Budianto, Jan D. Bastmeijer and Niels Jacobsen. 2016. Cryptocoryne aura (Araceae), A New Species from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Willdenowia. 46(2); 275-282. DOI: 10.3372/wi.46.46209

[Botany • 2010] Cryptocoryne loeiensis • Notes on Cryptocoryne (Araceae) of Thailand, including a new species from Loei Province

Notes on Cryptocoryne (Araceae) of Thailand, 

including a new species from Loei Province

Abstract

A new species Cryptocoryne loeiensis J.D.Bastmeijer, T.Idei & N. Jacobsen is described, and a new variety combination is made.

Key words: Cryptocoryne, Araceae, Thailand, new species

http://crypts.aquaria.net/docs/Bastmeijer/2010/25_Cryptoryne.pdf