[Botany • 2019] Ombrophytum chilensis (Balanophoraceae) • A New Species of Ombrophytum from Chile, with Notes on Subterranean Organs and Vegetative Reproduction in The Family

Ombrophytum chilensis Kuijt & Delprete

in Kuijt & Delprete, 2019

 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.420.4.2

Abstract

The Chilean desert specimens of Ombrophytum (Balanophoraceae) reported in the literature as O. subterraneum (Asplund) Hansen differ structurally in several respects from that species, which was described from moist tropical forest in Bolivia. Therefore the Chilean specimens are treated as a narrowly endemic, separate species, Ombrophytum chilensis Kuijt & Delprete, on the basis of the type specimen and published photographs. Discussions on morphology, distribution and conservation status are provided for this species. Critical comments on the underground organs and reproduction in Neotropical Balanophoraceae are also presented.

Keywords: Corynaea, Helosis, Langsdorffia, Thonningia, parasitic plants, underground structures, Eudicots

FIGURE 2. Ombrophytum chilensis, details from holotype specimen (Martin 468 (SI [Sheet A]).
 A, Specimen from upper envelope (see Fig. 1), view from external side; B, Same specimen, view from dissected side. Courtesy M. Belgrano. 

FIGURE 3. Inflorescences of Ombrophytum chilensis, from Murata (1997).
Photograph by J.D. Mauseth (near Chiu Chiu, Chile).

Ombrophytum chilensis Kuijt & Delprete, sp. nov. 

Diagnosis:— Ombrophytum chilensis differs from the other species of the genus in the translucent scales on the young peduncle (Fig. 3), while the other species apparently have naked peduncles, except for O. subterraneum having some scattered scales. Equally distinctive are the large, mostly tridentate fertile bracts (i.e., subtending inflorescence branches) that intergrade with the scales below (i.e., on the peduncle), while in other species of the genus they have a truncate-obconical stalk and a hemi-ellipsoid head in O. guayanensis Delprete (2014: 264, figs. 1D, F)), or they are clavate in O. violaceum B. Hansen (1977: 231; Hansen 1980: 58), or with a filiform stalk and distally obtriangular in O. microlepis B. Hansen (1980: 60, figs. 24F, G), or with a flat stalk and a “subulate to bifurcate or irregularly incised dent protruding upward from its lower part” (Hansen 1980: 64) in O. subterraneum.
...

 Distribution and Ecology:— At this time it appears that the above cited Antofagasta site represents the only Chilean one, not just for the genus, but for Balanophoraceae generally. Ecologically, the present species is unusual in existing in one of the most arid regions worldwide, while other species of the genus are mostly found in moist tropical forests, with the possible exception of the Galapagos population that has previously been assigned to O. subterraneum.

 Vernacular name:— Siicha (H.C. Martin 486).

Job Kuijt and Piero G. Delprete. 2019. A New Species of Ombrophytum (Balanophoraceae) from Chile, with Notes on Subterranean Organs and Vegetative Reproduction in The Family. Phytotaxa. 420(4); 264–272. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.420.4.2

Researchgate.net/publication/336566000_A_new_species_of_Ombrophytum_from_Chile

[Botany • 2019] Saussurea balangshanensis (Asteraceae) • A New Species from the Hengduan Mountains region, SW China

Saussurea balangshanensis 

in Zhang, Tang, Huang, et al., 2019.

巴朗山雪莲  ||  DOI:  10.1111/njb.02078 

Abstract

Saussurea balangshanensis, based on populations from Balang Mountain in the Hengduan Mountains region, SW China, is described and illustrated as a new species of Asteraceae. It can be distinguished from other species in Saussurea by its concolorous leaves, swollen and hollow upper stems, articulate hairs and stipitate glandular hairs, laciniate margins of uppermost stem leaves, numerous and sessile capitula, and narrow involucre. Based on nucleotide sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), phylogenetic analyses also support the recognition of these populations as representing a new species. The new species is known only from a single location in Balang Mountain, at elevations of 4500–4700 m. Its habitat can be easily disturbed or destroyed by a tourist arterial highway and the over grazing. We propose that the species should be listed as Critically Endangered based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Categories and Criteria B2a.

Keywords: alpine scree, Compositae, taxonomy, W Sichuan

Habit of Saussurea balangshanensis sp. nov. Balang Mountain.

Photo by Zhang Yazhou, 23 Aug. 2017 

    

Saussurea balangshanensis Zhang, Y.Z. & Sun H., sp. nov.

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the type locality: Balang Mountain, 

Chinese name: 巴朗山雪莲 ba lang shan xue lian.

Saussurea balangshanensis sp. nov. Overall perspective of Balang Mountain.

Photo by Zhang Yazhou, 23 Aug. 2017 

Yazhou Zhang, Rong Tang, Xianhan Huang, Wenguang Sun, Xiangguang Ma and Hang Sun. 2019.  Saussurea balangshanensis (Asteraceae), A New Species from the Hengduan Mountains region, SW China. Nordic Journal of Botany. 37(4); DOI:  10.1111/njb.02078

researchgate.net/publication/331980296_Saussurea_balangshanensis_sp_nov_from_the_Hengduan_Mountains_region_SW_China

Chinese researchers discover a new but highly endangered species of snow lotus xhne.ws/L8kkN  twitter.com/XHNews/status/1160484188342169601

Chinese researchers discover new species of snow lotus https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-08-11/Chinese-researchers-discover-new-species-of-snow-lotus-J4lKFPz2lG/index.html via @cgtnofficial

    

     

[Botany • 2019] Taxonomic Novelties in Andean Senecioneae (Compositae)

Dendrophorbium scytophyllum (Kunth) C. Jeffrey

in Calvo, Arnelas & Minga, 2019. 

 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.2 

Abstract

Two new Andean species belonging to the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) are described herein, i.e., Dendrophorbium azoguesense from Ecuador and D. varicosum from Bolivia. The species Pentacalia todziae is recorded for the first time in Ecuador and the names Dendrophorbium onae and D. onae var. leonis synonymized to D. scytophyllum. Taxonomic discussions and diagnostic characters to differentiate each species are provided, as well as a distribution map and pictures of living plants when available.

Keywords: Eudicots, Andes, Asteraceae, Bolivia, Dendrophorbium, Ecuador, Pentacalia, taxonomy

Joel Calvo, Itziar Arnelas and Danilo Minga. 2019. Taxonomic Novelties in Andean Senecioneae (Compositae). Phytotaxa. 402(3); 145–154. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.2

[Botany • 2019] A Synopsis of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae)

Albertinia brasiliensis Spreng.

in Loeuille, Semir & Pirani, 2019.

 DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.398.1.1

Abstract

A new classification of the subtribe Lychnophorinae is proposed based on the results of phylogenetic analyses. The subtribes Centratherinae and Sipolisiinae are synonyms of Lychnophorinae and three genera (Albertinia, Blanchetia, Gorceixia) are transferred to the subtribe. As now circumscribed, Lychnophorinae comprises 19 genera and 117 species distributed mostly in the Cerrado domain of the Brazilian Central Plateau. Oiospermum is synonymized under Centratherum, and Irwinia under Blanchetia. Because Lychnophora as currently circumscribed is paraphyletic, the genus is dismantled into three monophyletic genera: Lychnophora s.s., Lychnocephalus and a new genus described herein, Lychnophorella. Seven new species are described (Chronopappus lanatus, Lychnophora grisea, L. haplopappa, Lychnophorella jacobinensis, Piptolepis riparia, Prestelia espeletoidea and Proteopsis hermogenesii), 16 new combinations are proposed (Eremanthus reticulatus, E. syncephalus, Lychnocephalus humillimus, L. mellobarretoi, L. sellowii, Lychnophora hatschbachii, Lychnophorella blanchetii, L. bishopii, L. leucodendron, L. morii, L. regis, L. santosii, L. sericea, L. triflora, Piptolepis pabstii, Prestelia purpurascens) as well as eight new synonyms. We also propose a neotype for Ampherephis pulchella, an epitype for Crantzia ovata and lectotypes for 31 names including six second-step lectotypifications (Albertinia brasiliensis, A. polycephala, Ampherephis intermedia, Centratherum fruticosum, Eremanthus leucodendron, E. purpurascens, Gorceixia decurrens, Lychnophora albertinioides, L. brunioides, L. microphylla, L. pohlii, L. reticulata, L. rosmarinus var. affinis, L. rosmarinus var. normalis, L. sellowii, Piptolepis gardneri, Proteopsis sellowii, Symblomeria baldwiniana, Vanillosmopsis albertinioides, V. glomerata, V. pohlii, V. syncephala, Vernonia burchelliana, V. ericoides, V. imbricata, V. involucrata, V. leptospermoides, V. martiana, V. platycephala, V. pseudomyrtus and V. trichocarpha).

Keywords: Centratherinae, classification, Compositae, Sipolisiinae, taxonomy, Eudicots

Albertinia brasiliensis Spreng.

Benoît Loeuille, João Semir and José R. Pirani. 2019. A Synopsis of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa.  398(1); 1–139. DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.398.1.1

[Botany • 2019] Cirsium tatakaense (Compositae) • A New Species from Taiwan

 Cirsium tatakaense  Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang

in Chang, Tzeng & Tseng, 2019
 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.29380

Abstract

A new species of Cirsium, Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang, from central-southern Taiwan is described and illustrated. This species is similar to C. kawakamii Hayata in leaf shape, achene and chromosome number (2n = 64), but can be readily distinguished from C. kawakamii by the narrower leaf lobes, usually higher number of florets and phyllaries, the purplish-red corolla (vs. white) and larger pollen grains. A key to the species of Cirsium in Taiwan is also presented.

Keywords: New species, Chromosome number, Cirsium tatakaense, Cirsium kawakamii, Compositae, Taiwan

Figure 1. Line drawings of Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang
A habit B root C leaf D capitula E inner phyllary E’ middle phyllary E” outer phyllary F floret F’ floret (pappus removed) G synantherous H style branches I achene. Voucher: C. Y. Chang 1442 (TCF). 

Figure 2. Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang
A habitat B habit C seedling D variations of leaves E inflorescences F capitula G floret; (right-side pappus removed) H achene with pappus I achene.

Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Differs from C. kawakamii in having narrower leaf lobes (7.3−11.7 mm), usually more florets, (136)161−308 and phyllaries (111−199), a purplish-red corolla and larger pollen grains (34.2−42.6 × 35.2−44.7 μm).

Distribution: Endemic species of Taiwan. Cirsium tatakaense is located in open areas of cloud forests of vegetation zones from the Quercus to Abies forest zone at alt. 2000−3000 m in central-southern Taiwan (Fig. 3). Based on the geographical climatic regions and vegetation zones (Su 1984, 1985), C. tatakaense is distributed mainly in the central-west inland regions. Cirsium tatakaense has been discovered in sunny environments, such as roadsides and forest margins, concentrated on the upper portions of hills along Provincial Highway no. 18. Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Andersson (Poaceae), Rubus taitoensis Hayata (Rosaceae) and Senecio nemorensis L. var. dentatus (Kitam.) H. Koyama (Compositae) are often discovered with C. tatakaense. Sometimes, C. arisanense Kitam. and C. ferum Kitam. are found near to C. tatakaense; however, no hybrid individual between these species has been observed.

Chinese name: Ta-ta-jia-ji (塔塔加薊).

Etymology: The species epithet tatakaense derives from the type location Tataka in Nantou County.

Figure 5. Comparison of the morphological characters amongst the species of Cirsium sect. Onotrophe in Taiwan.
A Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang B C. kawakamii Hayata C C. arisanense Kitam.: 1 leaf 2 capitula 3 inner phyllary 3’ middle phyllary 3” outer phyllary 4 floret 4’ floret (pappus removed) 5 synantherous 6 style branches 7 achene 7’ achene with pappus.

 Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng andYen-Hsueh Tseng. 2019. Cirsium tatakaense (Compositae), A New Species from Taiwan.  PhytoKeys. 117: 119-132. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.29380

   

[Entomology • 2019] Revision of the Genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom

in Savaris, Norrbom, Marinoni & Lampert, 2019. 

 DOI:  10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3

Abstract

Species of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae) are revised. Euarestoides comprises six species: E. abstersus (Loew) (Bahamas, eastern Canada and USA); E. acutangulus (Thomson) (Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, USA, and Venezuela); E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom, n. sp. (Peru); E. dreisbachi Foote (Guatemala, Mexico, Peru); E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom, n. sp. (Brazil); and E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom, n. sp. (Colombia). A key to the known species of the genus is provided, as well as descriptions, illustrations, distributions, notes on the biology and host plant data for each species.

Keywords: Diptera, fruit flies, Tephritinae, Tephritini, taxonomy, host plants, Asteraceae, New World

FIGURE 1. Habitus, dorsal: Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (♂, Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00118527). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

 Marcoandre Savaris, Allen L. Norrbom, Luciane Marinoni and Silvana Lampert. 2019. Revision of the Genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa. 4551(3); 299–329.  DOI:  10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3

[Botany • 2019] Aster tonglingensis • Convergent Origin of the narrowly lanceolate leaf in the Genus Aster—with Special Reference to An Unexpected Discovery of A New Aster Species from East China

Aster tonglingensis G.J. Zhang & T.G. Gao

in Zhang, Hu, Gao, Gilbert & Jin, 2019. 

   DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6288

Abstract

Narrowly lanceolate leaves occur frequently in the genus Aster. It was often employed as a distinguishing character in the taxonomy of this genus. The origin of this particular leaf shape, however, has never been investigated using comparative methods. In this study, we reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny that includes most species of Aster with narrowly lanceolate leaf. We then gathered data on riparian habitats and the presence or absence of narrowly lanceolate leaves, and investigated the evolutionary association between them in a phylogenetic context. Our analysis indicated that the species with narrowly lanceolate leaves are nested in unrelated lineages of the genus Aster, implying that they originated independently several times. Using Pagel’s comparative method of discrete data, we demonstrated a significant correlation between riparian habitats and narrowly lanceolate leaves. We further inferred the sequence of transition of the two characters. This analysis indicated that the sequence of evolution of riparian habitat and narrowly lanceolate leaf form was usually uncertain, but some positive results showed that the occurrence of riparian habitats may not precede the evolution of narrowly lanceolate leaf form. This study provided new insights into the adaptive evolution in a mega-diverse family. In addition, Aster tonglingensis, an unexpected new species with narrowly lanceolate leaves, was discovered and established based on the evidence from morphology, micromorphology and molecular phylogeny.

Figure 3: Habitat and morphology of Aster tonglingensis.
(A) Aster tonglingensis growing in its riparian habitat; (B) inflorescence; (C) capitula and phyllaries; (D) disc florets; (E) cauline leaves and axillary capitula; (F) seedling. 

Figure 4: Aster tonglingensis. (A) habit; (B) capitula; (C) phyllaries; (D) bristle of pappus; (E) ray florets; (F) style branches of ray florets; (G) disc florets; (H) style branches of disc florets; (I) anthers.

Aster tonglingensis G.J. Zhang & T.G. Gao, sp. nov.  

Type: CHINA. Zhejiang Province, Wencheng County, Mt. Tongling, elev. 640 m, 2nd Sept. 2013, H. H. Hu 331-1 (holotype PE!, isotype PE!).

Diagnosis: The new species superficially resembles Aster dolichophyllus Ling. Both species have narrowly lanceolate cauline leaves, recurved phyllary tips, and occur near streams. However, the phyllaries of Aster tonglingensis were 5–7-seriate, green (vs. 2–3-seriate, green with purple tip in A. dolichophyllus), capitula usually more than 30, both terminal and axillary (vs. less than 10, only terminal), adaxial surface of all leaves puberulent (vs. glabrous), basal leaves lanceolate, apex rounded or obtuse (vs. spatulate, apex acute), corolla of disc floret 5–7 mm, lobes half to two thirds as long as limb (vs. corolla 9–11 mm, lobes one third as long as limb), pappus whitish (vs. slightly brown).

...

Etymology: The species is named after its type locality, Mt. Tongling, Wencheng County, Zhejiang Province, China.

Conservation status: Aster tonglingensis is a very narrowly distributed species and is currently known only from one stream in Mt. Tongling Natural Reserve. A population with ca. 100 individuals was found along the stream. We scoured nearby places with similar habitats in this region but failed to find more populations. This part of the natural reserve currently is open to tourists. A footpath was built along this stream which passes through its location. The habitat of A. tonglingensis is easily disturbed or damaged. According to Criteria B2a of International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Categories, this species should be treated as Critically Endangered. More attention and protection should be paid to this new but vulnerable species.

Conclusions: 

Leaf shape has been used as an important character in the taxonomy of Aster for a long time (Chen, Brouillet & Semple, 2011). The relationship between it and the environment, however, has never been investigated. In the present study, a phylogeny including most species with narrowly lanceolate leaf in Aster was reconstruction based on three molecular markers. It was revealed that species with narrowly lanceolate leaves were placed in far related lineages of the genus Aster (Fig. 1). Thus, the narrowly lanceolate leaf shape originated independently several times in the genus Aster. It was the result of convergent evolution. Comparative analysis in the phylogenetic context revealed that narrowly lanceolate leaf shape and riparian habitat were strongly correlated. The transition order of riparian habitat and narrowly lanceolate leaf was shown to be usually uncertain. But the preadaptation of the narrowly lanceolate leaf was positively supported by some analysis (Fig. 2). In summary, convergent evolution and preadaptation may play important roles in the evolution of leaf shape in the genus Aster. Meanwhile, an unexpected new species with narrowly lanceolate leaves, Aster tonglingensis, was discovered and established based on the evidence of molecular, morphology and micro-morphology. This new species was descripted and illustrated here.

Asteraceae is the largest and relatively young plant family (Funk et al., 2009; Heywood, 2009). Simultaneously, members of this mega-diverse family show abundant morphological diversity (Funk et al., 2009). They occur in almost every corner of the earth and occupy various habitats (Funk et al., 2009), thus providing an excellent opportunity to study convergent evolution (Heywood, 2009). The present study provided new insights into the process of convergent evolution of leaf form in a big genus of this mega-diverse family. In turn, understanding more details of the convergent evolution in this family helped to discover the cryptic biodiversity before they go extinct, as shown in the unexpected discovery of the new species Aster tonglingensis in this study.

   

Guo-Jin Zhang, Hai-Hua Hu, Tian-Gang Gao, Michael G. Gilbert and Xiao-Feng Jin. 2019. Convergent Origin of the narrowly lanceolate leaf in the Genus Aster—with Special Reference to An Unexpected Discovery of A New Aster Species from East China. PeerJ. 7:e6288.  DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6288

[Botany • 2018] Centenaria rupacquiana • A New Genus of Compositae (Eupatorieae, Piqueriinae) from Peru, named Centenaria to honour the 100th Anniversary of the Natural History Museum of the National University Mayor of San Marcos

Centenaria rupacquiana

 P.Gonzáles, A.Cano & H.Rob.

in Gonzáles, Cano & Robinson, 2018. 

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.113.28242 

Abstract

A little herb from central Peru is recognised as a new species of a new genus. Centenaria rupacquiana belongs to the tribe Eupatorieae, subtribe Piqueriinae. It has asymmetrical corollas with two inner lobes smaller, a flat and epaleaceous receptacle and the presence of pappus. In Peru, Centenaria is related to the genera Ferreyrella and Ellenbergia, but Ferreyrella is different by having no pappus and a paleate receptacle; and on the other hand, Ellenbergia is different by having symmetrical corollas.

Keywords: Asteraceae, Ellenbergia, Eupatorieae, Ferreyrella, Rupac

Figure 1. Centenaria rupacquiana. A Plant B leaf (adaxial surface) C mature leaf (abaxial surface) D mature leaf (adaxial surface) E upper leaf F uppermost leaf bracteiform G capitula (upper view) H involucre I inner phyllaries J outer phyllaries K flower (frontal view) L flower (lateral view) M flower tube with glandular trichomes N flower (upper view) O style and stamens P, Q scale of pappus R achene without pappus. Photos by P. Gonzáles.

Centenaria P.Gonzáles, A.Cano & H.Rob., gen. nov.

Description: Small, erect, annual herbs, to 30 cm tall. Leaves opposite, blade ovate to broadly elliptical, coarsely to finely serrate. Inflorescence a diffuse corymbose cyme. Phyllaries 5, distant, biseriate, subequal to equal, persistent, oblong-elliptical to obovate-elliptical, with shortly apiculate apices; receptacle flat, foveolate, glabrous, epaleaceous. Florets 7–14; corollas asymmetrical with the two inner lobes smaller, white, with distinct short constricted basal tube bearing glandular or eglandular hairs; throat short and broad-campanulate; lobes as long as wide or outer lobes of peripheral florets longer, short-papillose on inner surface and margins; lower part of filament glabrous; anther collars rather short; style base not enlarged, glabrous; arms rather short-clavate, densely short-papillose; papillae larger and less dense below clavate tip. Achenes prismatic, 5-ribbed, ribs setuliferous, narrowed and setuliferous above carpopodium; carpopodium inconspicuously, short-cylindrical; pappus 5 long, lanceolate squamellae, densely scabrid on margins, nearly smooth on outer surface, smooth on inner surface.

Centenaria rupacquiana P.Gonzáles, A.Cano & H.Rob., sp. nov.

Diagnosis: A little herb characterised by its asymmetrical corollas with two small inner lobes, flat and epaleaceous receptacle and presence of pappus.

Type: Peru. Dept. Lima: prov. Huaral, Dist. Atavillos Bajo, NE of Pampas, road to Rupac, archaeological monument pre Inca, slopes with loamy clay soil, scrubland, ..., 3033–3509 m a.s.l., 15 Apr 2018, (fl,fr), A. Cano, P. Gonzáles, E. Huamán, S. Riva & S. Rivera 22682 (holotype: USM-3070016!, isotypes: MO!, MOL!, US-3730645!, USM!).

Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Rupac, northeast from Lima Department.

Ecology: Terrestrial plant growing on open area amongst shrubs, in the western Cordillera shrubland, between 3000–3500 m a.s.l. Co-occurring species include Paracalia jungioides (Hook. & Arn.) Cuatrec., Heliopsis buphthalmoides (Jacq.) Dunal, Dasyphyllum ferox (Wedd.) Cabrera and Vulpia megalura (Nutt.) Rydb. Flowering and fruiting between April and May.

Etymology: The genus is dedicated to the centennial of the institutional foundation of the Natural History Museum of National University Mayor of San Marcos (1918–2018), for their hard work on the research, conservation, preservation and diffusion of the biodiversity of the country. All these actions are steadily increasing our knowledge of the flora and fauna of our native land. The specific epithet refers to Rupac, a small village with archaeological remains from the Atavillos culture, where the only two populations of this species are known from this place.

 Paúl Gonzáles, Asunción Cano and Harold Robinson. 2018. A New Genus of Compositae (Eupatorieae, Piqueriinae) from Peru, named Centenaria to honour the 100th Anniversary of the Natural History Museum of the National University Mayor of San Marcos. PhytoKeys. 113: 69-77.  DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.113.28242

Resumen: Una pequeña hierba del centro del Perú es reconocida como una especie nueva en un nuevo género. Centenaria rupacquiana es miembro de la tribu Eupatorieae subtribu Piqueriinae. Tiene corolas asimétricas con dos lóbulos internos más pequeños, receptáculo plano y sin palea, y presencia de papus. En Perú, Centenaria está relacionada a los géneros Ferreyrella y Ellenbergia, Pero Ferreyrella se diferencia por carecer de papus y presentar un receptáculo con paleas; por otro lado, Ellenbergia se diferencia por sus corolas simétricas.

[Botany • 2018] Two New Species of Pentacalia (Compositae, Senecioneae) from northern Andes

Pentacalia aedoi 

in Calvo & Buira, 2018. 

   DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.364.2.6 

Abstract

Recent collections carried out in southern Colombia (Putumayo) and southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) lead us to describe two new species of Pentacalia based on morphological evidence. One of them displays lateral, axillary synflorescences and disciform capitula, whereas the other keys out in the group of terminal synflorescences and disciform capitula. Taxonomically useful characters are provided to easily distinguish each species from its closest relatives, as well as detailed pictures of living plants and distribution maps. Adjusted keys for the Colombian and Ecuadorian species are also presented.

Keywords: Eudicots, Asteraceae, Colombia, dichotomous key, Ecuador, montane forest, paramo, taxonomy

 Joel Calvo and Antoni Buira. 2018.  Two New Species of Pentacalia (Compositae, Senecioneae) from northern Andes. Phytotaxa.  364(2); 193-201.  DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.364.2.6

[Botany • 2018] A Revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae)

 Centaurea iranshahrii Wagenitz & Esfandiari 

in Negaresh & Rahiminejad, 2018

 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1 

Abstract

The taxonomic status of the taxa known to belong to Centaurea sect. Cynaroides and its close relatives was revised on the basis of herbarium specimens from the authors’ expeditions and other collections. It is established that Boissier is the correct author for C. sect. Cynaroides, and C. regia is designated as a lectotype of this section. Thirty seven species are recognised in the section. Three new species (Centaurea kamalnejadii, C. mozaffarianii, and C. zarrei), four new subspecies (C. amadanensis subsp. ranjbarii, C. cataonica subsp. syriaca, C. gigantea subsp. rechingeri, and C. kurdica subsp. ciliata) and two varieties (C. regia var. longispinosa and C. regia var. purpurea) are described. Two subspecies are reduced to the variety rank, and two varieties are elevated to the subspecies rank. Centaurea sect. Paraphysis is reduced as a synonym of C. sect. Cynaroides. Centaurea onopordifolia is transferred from C. sect. Cynaroides to a new section, i.e. C. sect. Cardueae. Three lectotypes are designated, six lectotypes from previous lectotypifications are rejected and the author names for six species are corrected. The recognized taxa, the relevant synonyms, type details, examined specimen lists, full descriptions and a taxonomic key are provided for this section. Distribution maps are provided for each sections, species, subspecies and varieties. Images of the type specimens of all taxa and also photos of the species in its natural habitat and related fields are provided. Five chromosome counts (2n = 18) are reported for C. amadanensis subsp. amadanensis, C. amadanensis subsp. gymnoclada, C. nemecii, C. regia var. regia, and C. regia var. purpurea. Biogeographical distribution and ecology of taxa of C. sect. Cynaroides are presented and discussed. In addition, cytotaxonomy, homoploidy and evolution of C. sect. Cynaroides are illustrated and discussed. Finally, the pollination of C. sect. Cynaroides is illustrated, and also images of the pollinators of some species of the section are provided.

Keywords: Eudicots, chromosome numbers, Compositae, identification key, lectotypifications, new combinations, new section, nomenclature, taxonomy

 Centaurea iranshahrii Wagenitz & Esfandiari (Negaresh & Asadbegy 19809, HUI, from typus, locus classicus); close up of involucres

Kazem Negaresh and Mohammad Reza Rahiminejad. 2018. A Revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae—Centaureinae). Phytotaxa.  363(1); 1–131. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1

[Botany • 2018] Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands

Calendula suffruticosa Vahl (1791)

in Gonçalves, Castro, Paiva, et al., 2018.

DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.352.1.1 

Abstract

A taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula is presented, based on an extensive analysis of its morphological variation, which allowed a re-evaluation of the species delimitations in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Morphometric data based on field and herbarium material were gathered and analysed. Characters traditionally used to delimit taxa in the genus were re-evaluated, and the taxonomic value of new characters was explored. The variation between and within taxa was explored statistically. Morphological patterns were compared with chromosome numbers and genome size estimates. The results revealed that the achenes are particularly important to distinguish taxa, although, due to their variability, they should be used carefully. Four species are recognised in the area (C. arvensis, C. officinalis, C. tripterocarpa and C. suffruticosa), including nine subspecies of C. suffruticosa. Among these, two new subspecies (C. suffruticosa subsp. trialata and C. suffruticosa subsp. vejerensis) are described. Identification keys, descriptions, geographical distributions and conservation assessments are also provided for each taxon.

Keywords: Calenduleae, Compositae, Mediterranean, Portugal, Spain, systematic, Eudicots

Ana Carla Gonçalves, Sílvia Castro, Jorge Paiva, Conceição Santos and Paulo Silveira. 2018. Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Phytotaxa. 352(1); 1–91. DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.352.1.1

[Entomology • 2018] Palaearctic Osmia Bees of the Subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): Biology, Taxonomy and Key to Species

Osmia (Hoplosmia) distinguenda (Tkalcu, 1974)

in Müller, 2018.  DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4 

Abstract   

Hoplosmia, a subgenus of the osmiine bee genus Osmia (Megachilidae), comprises 21 species restricted to the Palaearctic region. Analysis of female pollen loads and field observations indicate that probably all O. (Hoplosmia) species are specialized on Asteraceae except for one pollen generalist species, which exhibits a preference for the pollen of Cistaceae. Among the Asteraceae specialists, differences exist with respect to the three main Asteraceae subfamilies exploited for pollen, with some species exclusively visiting Carduoideae, others exploiting only Asteroideae and Cichorioideae and again others collecting pollen on Asteroideae, Carduoideae and Cichorioideae. All O. (Hoplosmia) species build their brood cells within preexisting cavities: several species exclusively nest in empty snail shells, few species use small cavities in rock and stones and the remaining species colonize linear cavities in dead wood and plant stems or nest in abandoned burrows of other bees and wasps. Chewed leaves serve as material to construct brood cell partitions and nest plug except for two species, which use mud as nest building material. The taxonomic revision of O. (Hoplosmia) revealed the existence of an undescribed species, O. centaureae spec. nov., which occurs in a small area that ranges from the Dead Sea over the Jordan Valley to northernmost Israel. Due to clear morphological gaps and widely disjunct distribution with the nominotypical subspecies, O. pinguis carbo (Zanden 1974) is elevated to species rank. Based on morphology and biology, three species groups are recognized within Hoplosmia. Identification keys for all O. (Hoplosmia) species are given including the hitherto unknown male or female sex of three species.

Keywords: Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Asteraceae, Cistaceae, host-plant choice, Hymenoptera, nesting behaviour, oligolecty, polylecty, snail-shell nesting

Andreas Müller. 2018. Palaearctic Osmia Bees of the Subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): Biology, Taxonomy and Key to Species. Zootaxa. 4415(2); 297–329. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4

 blogs.ethz.ch/osmiini/2011/09/30/nests-of-osmia-distinguenda-discovered-for-the-first-time 

[Botany • 2017] Lapidia apicifolia • A New Monotypic Genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and Its Phylogenetic Placement

Lapidia apicifolia  Roque & S.C. Ferreira

 DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.291.1.1

   

Abstract

Asteraceae is the family with the highest species number in the rocky fields (campos rupestres) of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. On the basis of several collections from this area, we are proposing a new genus of Asteraceae based on morphology and phylogeny, to accommodate a species newly described here. Lapidia apicifolia is a loosely ramified shrub 2–4 m high, stem tomentose, leaves opposite-decussate, laminae conduplicate, petiolate, receptacle flat, epaleaceous, glabrous, and pappus of bristles fused at base, irregular in length, fringed and purplish. In a phylogenetic analysis using sequence data from ITS and trnL-trnF of selected members of Eupatorieae, Lapidia is indicated as sister group of a highly supported clade with Morithamnus, Bahianthus and Catolesia. This group is composed by loosely branched shrubs, most with leaves that are lax, stems, leaves and involucral bracts that are viscid (Bahianthus and Morithamnus) and, if not, trichomes (tomentose indumentum) are developed (Lapidia), to protect against both solar radiation and loss of water. A description, illustrations, and a discussion about related and sympatric genera are presented.

Keywords: Compositae; endemism; ITS and trnL-trnF; rocky fields; taxonomy; Eudicots; Brazil

  

Nádia Roque, Silvana C. Ferrucci and Cássio van den Berg. 2017. Lapidia, A New Monotypic Genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and Its Phylogenetic Placement.
Phytotaxa. 291(1); 1–16. DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.291.1.1

 academia.edu/30805399/2017-Lapidia_a_new_monotypic_genus_of_Asteraceae_from_Brazil