[Botany • 2018] Viola pachysoma (Violaceae) • A New Name for A Rosulate Species Endemic to the Andes of Argentinian Patagonia

Viola pachysoma

in Watson, Flores, Sheader & Sheader, 2018. 

DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.6 

Abstract

The species herein, Viola pachysoma, has a long history of confused identity. When recognised as a distinct taxonomic entity it was published as Viola copahuensis. It also acquired a later replacement name, Viola caviahuensis. Each of these in turn has been formally declared nom. illeg. et nom superfl. Consequently, a third epithet for the taxon, V. pachysoma, is coined and presented here. The original protologue lacked a formal diagnosis, so we have added a supplementary version. We also chronicle the species since known to science, including its status as one of the parents of the first recorded hybrid in its section. A discussion and two multi-character tables serve to compare and separate species comprising the poorly understood geographical alliance which incorporates V. pachysoma. 

Keywords: ICN Code, misidentification, natural hybrid, nomen illegitimum, nomen superfluum, section Andinium, sempervivoid, volcanic, Eudicots

John M. Watson, Ana R. Flores, Martin Sheader and Anna-Liisa Sheader. 2018. Viola pachysoma (Violaceae), A New Name for A Rosulate Species Endemic to the Andes of Argentinian Patagonia. Phytotaxa. 382(1); 113–124.  DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.6

[Botany • 2018] Viola pluviae (Violaceae) • A Member of Subsect. Stolonosae in the Pacific Northwest Region of North America

Viola pluviae Marcussen, H.E. Ballard & Blaxland

in Blaxland, Ballard & Marcussen, 2018. 

 DOI:  10.1111/njb.01931

 chasmogamous flower. Washington: Issaquah, May 1996. 

Photos by Kim Blaxland, botanikim.com.

Abstract

As hirtherto circumscribed, the allo‐octoploid Viola palustris L. exists in three distinct races in North America. The race occurring in the Pacific Northwest of North America has previously been shown to have originated by polyploidy from a different set of ancestral tetraploids than the nominal, Amphi‐Atlantic race. These two races differ also in a number of morphological characters, which has been a historical source of confusion. We here propose a new name for the western plants, Viola pluviae Marcussen, H.E. Ballard & Blaxland, and typify it with a specimen collected near Mt Rainier (USA, Washington) with known chromosome number. Distribution, phylogenetic history and taxonomy are discussed and an updated morphological key to the Pacific Northwestern species of Viola is presented.

Key words: Viola palustris, bog violet, Plagiostigma, allopolyploid, Pleistocene

Viola pluviae Marcussen, H.E. Ballard & Blaxland sp. nov.

Etymology: Viola pluviae literally translates to ‘rain’s violet’ in reference to the rainy, coastal climate where it occurs. The pun on the name of the type locality, Mt Rainier, is of course entirely unintended.

Distribution: Viola pluviae is widespread along the Pacific coast from northern California to southern Alaska, the Cascades, and parts of the Rocky Mountains (Montana, Idaho). 

 

Kim Blaxland, Harvey E. Ballard and Thomas Marcussen. 2018. Viola pluviae sp. nov. (Violaceae), A Member of Subsect. Stolonosae in the Pacific Northwest Region of North America. Nordic Journal of Botany.  36(9) e01931 DOI:  10.1111/njb.01931

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