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in Golestani, Crocetta, Padula, ...et Valdés, 2019.
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Abstract
The widespread sea hare species Aplysia parvula includes four genetically distinct lineages, containing a total of ten different species. While the four lineages can be differentiated by their external characteristics, species in each clade are often morphologically indistinguishable. A review of literature and type material revealed that several available names exist for species recognized herein: Aplysia parvula is retained for a species from the north-eastern Atlantic; A. atromarginata, A. elongata, A. nigrocincta and A. japonica are resurrected for species from the western Pacific Ocean, the Hawaiian Islands, the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, and Japan and Korea, respectively. Two new species names are introduced for animals from the eastern Pacific, and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Mitochondrial sequences from Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic specimens identified as A. parvula, resulted to be A. punctata. However, two specimens were heterozygotes of histone H3 alleles of A. punctata and of a new Atlantic species described herein, suggesting they could be hybrids. These results contradict the hypothesis that the Mediterranean was colonized by A. parvula. If an invasion occurred, it was a limited introgression of nDNA from an Atlantic species into native A. punctata populations.
Keywords: biogeography, Mediterranean, molecular systematic, morphology, natural hybridization
Aplysia parvula Guilding in Mørch, 1863
Haleh Golestani, Fabio Crocetta, Vinicius Padula, Yolanda Camacho-García, Joachim Langeneck, Dimitris Poursanidis, Marta Pola, M Baki yokeş, Juan Lucas Cervera, Dae-Wui Jung, Terrence M Gosliner, Juan Francisco Araya, Yuri Hooker, Michael schrödl and Ángel Valdés. 2019. The Little Aplysia Coming of Age: From One Species to A Complex of Species Complexes in Aplysia parvula (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 187(2); 279–330. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz028
