[Botany • 2016] The Genus Tocantinia (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae) and Two New Species from Brazil; Tocantinia dutilhiana & T. stigmovittata

FIGURE 5 –  Tocantinia stigmovittata Büneker, R. Bastian & C. Costa in habitat.

ABSTRACT

A synopsis of the genus Tocantinia is provided, with two new species being described and illustrated: Tocantinia dutilhiana and Tocantinia stigmovittata. Descriptions, illustrations and data on etymology, ecology, conservation status, distribution and habitat of the species are provided. The taxonomic placement of the genus in morphological and phylogenetic aspects is discussed.

Keywords: Taxonomy, Tocantinia mira, Tocantinia dutilhiana sp. nov., Tocantinia stigmovittata sp. nov., Cerrado Biome

TAXONOMY

Tocantinia Ravenna, Onira, v. 5, n. 3, p. 9, 2000.

Type: Tocantinia mira Ravenna

Etymology: The genus name refers to Tocantins (Latinized Tocantinia), a Brazilian state where the type population of the species of the genus is located.

Distribution and habitat: The genus is found in relatively large populations as geophytes in chemically poor, shallow and sandy soils from the Cerrado Biome. It is an endemic genus of Brazil, with populations known from central Brazil in the southeast of the state of Tocantins; in the central and southern-central part of Espinhaço Mountain Range; in the central region of Minas Gerais state; and in southwestwern Bahia state.

1. Tocantinia mira Ravenna, Onira, v. 5, n. 3, p. 10, 2000, (Fig. 1A-B).

Etymology: The specific epithet of the species, “mira” (Latin mira = wonderful) possibly refers to morphological uniqueness of the species at the time it was described.

 Distribution: Species known only by the type collection, whose specimens are from a collection of a natural population at the locality in Rio Lajes, in the city of Paranã, southeastem of the Tocantins state (Brazil). The original population of the collection was not located, as well as subsequent collections of this species. 

Tocantinia dutilhiana Büneker, R. Bastian & C. Costa –  in habitat with urban area of Caetité (Bahia) behind.

Photo by Exupério Ledo Silva

2. Tocantinia dutilhiana Büneker, R. Bastian & C. Costa, sp. nov., (Figs. 2 A–C, 3 A–G).

 Species morphologice proxima Tocantinia mira et Tocantinia stigmovittata. A prima differt maiori longitudine scapi (usque ad 28 vs. 20.5 cm), numero bractearum inflorescentiae (2 vs. 1), minori longitudine tepalorum (6–7.9 vs. 11– 13 cm), typo stigmae (trifidi vs. capitati) et forma ovulorum (suborbiculariorum vs. clavatocapitatorum). A secunda differt minori longitudine scapi (17–28 vs. 28.5–70.9 cm), hyphanto coloris externae differentis in superiori portione durans anthesis et attingendo minorem longitudinem (pallescente et usque ad 8.5 cm vs. viridescente et usque ad 12 cm), tepalis attingendo minorem longitudinem (usque ad 7.9 vs. 10.8 cm), forma apicis tepalorum verticilli externi (acuti vel attenuati vs. rotundato-cuspitati), forma apicis tepalorum verticilli interni (acuti ad obtusi vs. rotundato-retusi) et lobis stigmaticis in anthese suberectis et plene albis (vs. lobis stigmaticis in anthese patentes et cum marginibus ornatis lineis roseo-vinaceis).

FIGURE 3 – Tocantinia dutilhiana Büneker, R. Bastian & C. Costa (C. Costa 10).
 A – Population in habitat (Photo by Exupério Ledo Silva). B – Growing habit. C – Population in habitat with urban area of Caetité (Bahia) behind (Photo by Exupério Ledo Silva). D – Side view of the inflorescence. E – Flower viewed from above. F – Side view of the stigma. G – Immature fruit. 

Etymology: The specific epithet honors one of the first collectors of the species specimens that were located, a professor and researcher, expert in Amaryllidaceae, Dr. Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh, of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (São Paulo, Brazil), which has actively contributed to the advancement of knowledge of the Brazilian Amaryllidaceae.

 Distribution: Occurs in the Espinhaço Mountain Range, in the central region of Minas Gerais state (where one population is known in the city of Várzea da Palma) and in southwestern of Bahia state. (where one population is known in the city of Caetité).

3. Tocantinia stigmovittata Büneker, R. Bastian & C. Costa, sp. nov., (Figs. 2 D–F, 4 A– F, 5). 

Species morphologice proxima Tocantinia mira et Tocantinia dutilhiana. A prima differt foliis largioribus (1–2.1 vs. 0.3–0.9 cm), scapo longiori (28.5–70.9 vs. 15–20.5 cm), numero bractearum inflorescentiae (2–3 vs. 1), hypantho attingendo maiorem longitudinem (usque ad 12 vs. 8.6 cm), minori longitudine tepalorum (7– 10.8 vs. 11–13 cm), forma apicis tepalorum verticilli interni (rotundato-retusi vs. acuti), typo stigmae (trifidi vs. capitati) et forma ovulorum (suborbicularium vs. clavato-capitatorum). A secunda differt maiori longitudine scapi (28.5– 70.9 vs. 17–28 cm), hypanto coloris externae differentis in parte superiori durante anthesis et attingendo maiorem longitudinem (viridescente et ad 12 cm vs. pallescente et usque ad 8.5 cm), tepala attingendo maiorem longitudinem (ad 10.8 vs. 7.9 cm), forma apicis tepalorum verticilli externi (rotundato-cuspidati vs. acuti vel attenuati), forma apicis tepalorum verticilli interni (rotundato-retusi vs. acuti ad obtusi) et lobis stigmaticis in anthese patentes et cum marginibus ornatis lineis roseo-vinaceis (vs. lobis stigmaticis in anthese suberectis et plene albis).

  

FIGURE 4 – Tocantinia stigmovittata Büneker, R. Bastian & C. Costa (C. Costa 05).
A – Population in habitat. B – Habit. C – Flowers viewed from above. D – Side view of the inflorescence. E – Side view of the stigma. F – Upper view of the stigma.

Etymology: The specific epithet “stigmovittata” (Latin stigma = stigma and vittatus = marked or ornamented with ribbons or bows) refers to the morphological uniqueness of the stigma of the species that has stigmatic lobes ornamented with lines (ribbons) pink-vinaceous on its margins.

 Distribution: There is only one known wild population, in the central region of Espinhaço Mountain Range in the city of Lagoa Real, in southwestern Bahia state (Brazil). Is also found growing in public gardens in the city of Caetité (Bahia), municipality that borders Lagoa Real.

Henrique Mallmann Büneker, Regis Eduardo Bastian, Kelen Pureza Soares, Calmito Miranda Costa. 2016. The Genus Tocantinia (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae) and Two New Species from Brazil.  BALDUINIA. 53; 1-14. http://periodicos.ufsm.br/balduinia/issue/view/103

 researchgate.net/publication/305082647_The_genus_Tocantinia_Amaryllidaceae_Amaryllidoideae_and_two_new_species_from_Brazil

[O gênero Tocantinia (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae) e duas novas espécies para o Brasil].

RESUMO: É fornecida uma sinopse de informações sobre o gênero Tocantinia, sendo descritas e ilustradas duas novas espécies para este: T. dutilhiana e T. stigmovittata. São fornecidas descrições, ilustrações e dados sobre etimologia, ecologia, status de conservação, distribuição e habitat das espécies. É discutido o posicionamento taxonômico do gênero sob aspectos morfológicos e filogenéticos.

Palavras-chave: Taxonomia, Tocantinia mira, Tocantinia dutilhiana sp. nov., Tocantinia stigmovittata sp. nov., Bioma Cerrado