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| Coloration of Channa kelaartii in life. All from Sri Lanka. in Sudasinghe, Pethiyagoda, ... et Britz, 2020. |
Abstract
The dwarf snakehead Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) (type locality Bengal) has been reported from a vast range, from Iran to Taiwan, and northern India to Sri Lanka. Here, adopting an integrative taxonomic approach, we show that the Sri Lankan snakehead previously referred to as C. gachua is in fact a distinct species, for which the name C. kelaartii (Günther, 1861) is available. Widely distributed in streams and ponds throughout Sri Lanka's lowlands, and also recorded here from the east-flowing drainages of southern peninsular India, C. kelaartii is distinguished from all the other species of the C. gachua species group by the combination of head shape, dorsal-and anal-fin ray counts, scale counts, the presence of pelvic fins, and live adult coloration. Further, C. kelaartii is genetically distinct from topotypical C. gachua by an uncorrected pairwise distance of 7.9-8.8 % for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene.
Key words: Channa gachua, integrative taxonomy, DNA barcoding, biogeography, Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot.
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| Coloration of Channa kelaartii in life. All from Sri Lanka. A, juvenile, DZ 4073, 26.7 mm SL, Deraniyagala, Kelani River; B, subadult, ~ 40 mm SL, Wellawaya, Kirindi Oya; C, subadult, ~45 mm SL, Peradeniya, Mahaweli River; D, adult, ~ 70 mm SL, Gurulupotha, Mahaweli River; E, adult, ~ 90 mm SL, southwestern Sri Lanka. |
Channa kelaartii (Günther, 1861)
Diagnosis. Channa kelaartii is distinguished from the
other members of the Gachua group by the following combination of characters: pelvic fin present; lateral head
profile pointed anteriorly as in Figure 2A; adults usually
possessing 2 – 4, rarely 5 or 6, brown concentric bands in
the pectoral fin; 38 –43 lateral-line scales; 5 –½5+1+6½
scales in transverse line on body; 24–28 circumpeduncular scales; 31 –35 dorsal-fin rays; 19 – 23 anal-fin rays;
39 – 42 vertebrae; and live adult coloration as in Figure 3.
Habitat, distribution and natural history. Channa kelaartii is a widely distributed fsh in Sri Lanka (Fig. 5B),
occurring mostly in lotic waters such as streams and rivers but also in lentic habitats such as pools and ditches
in the lowlands. It is usually associated with submerged
roots, leaf debris and marginal vegetation during daytime, with adults being solitary or occurring as pairs.
During the night, individuals can be more easily observed
in open waters. Channa kelaartii and C. orientalis do occur in close proximity in south-western Sri Lanka, where
their ranges overlap; they are occasionally encountered
in syntopy. Channa kelaartii occurs even in highly modifed habitats such as concretized drains and canals in urban areas. The highest elevation at which we recorded
C. kelaartii in Sri Lanka was ca 700 m asl at Lunugala,
but Deraniyagala (1929) reported it from Diyatalawa, ca
1200 m asl. Channa kelaartii is not endemic to Sri Lanka
and is reported in this study also from east-fowing drainages of southern peninsular India (Fig. 5A).
Channa gachua. The type locality of Channa gachua
was given by Hamilton (1822) simply as ‘ponds and
ditches in Bengal’, a vast area that includes Bangladesh and much of the Indian state of West Bengal (the
illustration that accompanied the original description is
reproduced in colour in Britz, 2019).
....
Hiranya Sudasinghe, Rohan Pethiyagoda, Madhava Meegaskumbura,
Kalana Maduwage and Ralf Britz. 2020. Channa kelaartii, A Valid Species of Dwarf Snakehead from Sri Lanka and southern peninsular India (Teleostei: Channidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 70(2); 157-170. DOI: 10.26049/VZ70-2-2020-05